一般說(shuō)來(lái),陳述句的直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;一般疑問(wèn)句的直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛蓋hether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;特殊疑問(wèn)句的直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛稍厥庖蓡?wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)楹欢ㄊ降膹?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句后要注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:

　　一、語(yǔ)序

　　不管直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)是陳述語(yǔ)序還是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序,變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句后一律用陳述語(yǔ)序。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________.

　　A. who is heB. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

　　答案為D。

　　二、連詞的選用

　　that和what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:

　　that和what的選用是賓語(yǔ)從句中的重點(diǎn),也是高考的熱點(diǎn)。選用that還是what要從分析句子成分入手。that只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用,在賓語(yǔ)從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,通?？梢允÷?what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句除起連接作用外,還在句子中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。what的選用是近年來(lái)高考考查的焦點(diǎn)。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　1. People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see ________ he will do.

　　A. how B. what C. when D. that

　　答案為B。see后的賓語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞do后缺少賓語(yǔ),選用what既作賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,又在賓語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)。

　　2. ______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

　　A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which

　　答案為B。That在本句中只起連接作用,在句中不作成分。

　　wh-詞與wh- + ever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:

　　wh- + ever引起的賓語(yǔ)從句不含疑問(wèn)意義,相當(dāng)于名詞 / 代詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;而what, which, who, whom, when, where, how等除與前一種從句有相同的含義之外,還都有疑問(wèn)意義。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　1. These wild flowers are so special I would do ________ I can to save them.

　　A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever

　　答案為A。whatever既引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,又在從句中作can(do) 的賓語(yǔ)。whatever相當(dāng)于anything that。這句話的意思是:這些野花非常特殊,我會(huì)盡一切努力來(lái)挽救它們。

　　2. It’s a matter of ______ would take the position.

　　A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

　　答案為A。who 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并且在從句中作主語(yǔ),who在此含有疑問(wèn)意義。這句話的意思是: 這是一個(gè)誰(shuí)會(huì)擔(dān)任這一職位的問(wèn)題。

　　whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:

　　whether與if在引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),兩者一般可以互換,但在引導(dǎo)作介詞賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句或緊接在or not之前時(shí),常用whether。例如:

　　She asked me if (whether) I would go with her.

　　It all depends on whether they will support us.

　　We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.

　　三、祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)通常變?yōu)閹Р欢ㄊ降膹?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　這時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用表示“命令、要求、建議”等的動(dòng)詞。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　1. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.

　　A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

　　答案為D?？疾閍sk sb. not to do sth.這一復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2. If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ________ their name and address.

　　A. pass B. write C. take D. leave

　　答案為D?？疾閍sk sb. to do sth. 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　四、賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, learn, forget, remember, tell等時(shí),其后若帶有疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)須與主句主語(yǔ)一致),則該從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _______ in my new job.

　　A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

　　答案為B。“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞know 的賓語(yǔ)。

　　五、“特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + do you think / believe / suppose...”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于do you think / believe / suppose...后跟賓語(yǔ)從句,但特殊疑問(wèn)詞總是放前, do you think / believe / suppose是插入語(yǔ),其后應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)序。做這種題時(shí),可以把插入語(yǔ)去掉,只剩下句子主干,并且注意插入語(yǔ)后要用陳述語(yǔ)序,這樣答案便非常明顯了。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

　　—What do you suppose ______ to her?

　　A. was happeningB. to happen C. has happened D. having happened

　　答案為C。去掉插入語(yǔ)do you suppose,只有A、C選項(xiàng)有可能正確,根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則,正確答案為C。

　　(文/籍萬(wàn)杰；英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)報(bào)高三版2003-2004學(xué)年第10期；版權(quán)歸英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)報(bào)社所有，獨(dú)家網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作伙伴新浪教育，未經(jīng)許可，不得以任何形式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載。)