公式301 先行詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞+定語從句 ● The house in which I used to live has becomea garden.我過去住的房子已經(jīng)變成了一個(gè)花園。 公式302 先行詞,+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定語從句非限制性 定語從句用逗號(hào)與主句分開,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who一般不能替代whom。 ● Between the two parts of the concert is aninterval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.音樂會(huì)的兩部分中間有間歇,這時(shí)候,觀眾可以去買冰激凌。 公式303 (先行詞,+)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ● He made a long speech, as we expected.正如我們所預(yù)料的一樣,他的演講很長(zhǎng)。 公式304 時(shí)間狀語從句: 主句+when/while/as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 when/while/as意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。 ● Mary made coffee while her guests werefinishing their meal.客人們快吃完飯的時(shí)候,瑪麗煮了咖啡。 公式305 時(shí)間狀語從句: 主句+as soonas/directly/immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 引導(dǎo)詞意為“一……就……”。 ● I recognized her immediately I saw her.我一見到她,就認(rèn)出了她。 公式306 時(shí)間狀語從句: 主句+before/after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 ● I went to bed after I finished my homework.做完作業(yè)后,我就上床睡覺了。 公式307 時(shí)間狀語從句: 主句+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 ● Mary has been in Shanghai since she left Beijing.瑪麗自從離開北京后就一直在上海。 公式308 時(shí)間狀語從句: 主句+till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 ● I will stay here until you come back.我會(huì)一直待在這里直到你回來。 公式309 原因狀語從句:主句+because/as/since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句 ● As all the seats were full, he had to standup.由于所有的位子都滿了,他只好站著。 because, since, as的區(qū)別 公式310 地點(diǎn)狀語從句:主句+where/wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句 ● You cango wherever you like these days.這些天你可以去你想去的地方。 公式311 讓步狀語從句:疑問詞-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 ● To show our respect, we usually have to takeour gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.為了表示我們的尊重,不論要跟誰握手,我們通常都要摘掉手套。 公式312 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),疑問詞-ever可與“no matter+疑問詞”互換。 ● Wherever/No matter where you go, I will bewith you.無論你去哪兒,我都和你一起。 公式313 讓步狀語從句:主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 ● Tim is in good shape physically even thoughhe doesn’t get much exercise.即使不做太多鍛煉,蒂姆還是保持了很好的體形。 公式314 條件狀語從句:主句+if/unless/aslong as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 ● Let’s go out for awalk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的話,我們出去散一會(huì)步吧。 公式315 條件狀語從句:主句+so/such...+that+結(jié)果狀語從句 ● He worked so hard that he got ill.他工作那么努力,結(jié)果病倒了。 公式316 目的狀語從句:主句+so that/inorder that/in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句 ● I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up withme.為了能讓你趕上我,我會(huì)慢慢跑。 公式317 比較狀語從句:主句+than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句 ● The weather was worse than I had expected.天氣比我預(yù)料的還要糟。 公式318 比較狀語從句:主句+as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句 ● French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語就像對(duì)英語一樣熟悉。 公式319 方式狀語從句:主句+as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句 as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句 ● You ought to do as Paul tells you.你應(yīng)該按照保羅吩咐你的去做。 公式320 當(dāng)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句表示與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),從句常用虛擬語氣。 ● She closed her eyes as though she was verytired.她閉上了眼睛,好像是很累了。 公式321 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法: If...did/were..., 主語+would/should/could/mightdo...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 從句用一般過去時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。 ● If you were the manager, we would not be sotired.如果你是經(jīng)理,我們就不會(huì)這么累了。 公式322 If...had done...,主語+would/should/could/mighthave done...表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 從句用過去完成時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞”。 ● If we had taken the other road, we might havearrived here in time for the meeting.如果我們走了另一條路的話,或許就能及時(shí)趕到這里開會(huì)了。(陜西) 公式323 If...did/were todo/should do...,主語+would/should/could/might do...表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式、“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形”,主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。 ● If it were fine tomorrow, I would goshopping.如果明天天氣好,我就去購(gòu)物。 公式324 If...had done..., 主語+would do... ● If he had set out earlier, he would be homenow.如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)的話,他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)到家了。 公式325 If...should do..., 主語+would have done... ● If she shouldleave, I would have heard about it.如果她要走,我早就應(yīng)該聽說了。 公式326 Should/Were/Had+(從句)主語+謂語 主句if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞中含有should, were, had時(shí),可將if省略,而將should, were, had提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。、 ● Were I you(=If I were you), I would go.如果我是你,我就去。 公式327 With/Without/Butfor+名詞,主語+虛擬語氣形式的謂語... 句子的虛擬條件是通過詞或短語如with, without, otherwise, but for等來表示的。 ● Without the greenhouse effect, the earthwould be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果沒有溫室效應(yīng),地球的溫度將比現(xiàn)在的溫度低大約33攝氏度。 公式328 主句+as if+(從句)主語+did/had done...as if引導(dǎo)的從句 常用虛擬語氣,用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況;用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。 ● She acted as if she had been the hostessyesterday.她昨天表現(xiàn)得就好像她是女主人似的。 公式329 主句+so that+(從句)主語+should/could/might do... so that意為“為了”,它引導(dǎo)的從句表示目的。 ● He took a taxi to the station so that heshould not miss the train.為了不錯(cuò)過火車,他乘出租車去火車站。 公式330 主句+lest+從句(主語+(should) do...) lest意為“唯恐”,它引導(dǎo)的從句表示目的。 ● They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard.他們低聲說話,唯恐被別人聽見。 公式331 ...wish (that)+主語+did/had done/would do... wish后的賓語從句用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反;用過去將來時(shí)表示與將來事實(shí)相反。 ● I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。 公式332 ...suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主語+(should)do... ● I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建議我們立刻出發(fā)。 公式333 ...would rather+主語+did/had done... would rather后的從句用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。 ● I would rather you hadn’t told him.我寧愿你沒有告訴他。 公式334 It is+形容詞/名詞/過去分詞+that+主語+(should)do... ● It is strange that the girl (should) be sorude.那個(gè)女孩那么無禮,這真奇怪。 公式335 ...suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主語(+should)do... 在表示“建議”、“命令”、“要求”等的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣。 ● My suggestion is that we (should) get startedsoon.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡快出發(fā)。 公式336 It is (high/about)time that+主語+did/should do... ● It is high time that you went to school.早就到了你該去上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。 公式337 if only+主語+did/had done... 用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。 ● If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。 公式338 不可數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語 ● Still water runs deep.靜水流深。 公式339 動(dòng)名詞/不定式/主語從句+單數(shù)謂語 ● Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。 公式340 時(shí)間/距離/價(jià)值/重量等+單數(shù)謂語 表示時(shí)間、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞常作為一個(gè)整體看待,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。 ● A thousand miles is a very long distance.1,000英里是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。 公式341 more than one/many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語 a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+and a half+單數(shù)謂語意為“不止一個(gè)……/許多……”;“一個(gè)半……”。 ● More than one person here is going to find a new job.這里不止一個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備找新工作。 公式342 the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語 ● As you can see, the number of cars on ourroads keeps rising these days.正如你看到的那樣,如今公路上汽車的數(shù)量一直在增長(zhǎng)。(全國(guó)Ⅱ) 公式343 a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 ● A number of willbe graduatesare voluntarily going to work in the West of China.許多即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生打算自愿到中國(guó)西部工作。 公式344 each/every...(and each/every...)+單數(shù)謂語 ● Every person in my family has been given agift.我們家每個(gè)人都得到了一份禮物。 公式345 some-, any-, every-,no-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞+單數(shù)謂語 ● If anyone knows the truth of the accident,please tell the police.如果有人知道事故的真相,請(qǐng)告訴警察。 公式346 冠詞+名詞+and+名詞+單數(shù)謂語 兩個(gè)并列的名詞 表示一個(gè)人或一種事物,此時(shí)第一個(gè)名詞前用冠詞,第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞。 ● A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。 公式347 news/physics/maths/politics/theUnited States/James等+單數(shù)謂語 這些名詞雖然以-s結(jié)尾,但屬于專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。 ● The news concerns your younger brother.這消息與你弟弟有關(guān)。 公式348 one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語 ● One of my goodfriends has been abroad for eleven years.我的一個(gè)好朋友已經(jīng)在國(guó)外待了11年了。 公式349 復(fù)數(shù)主語+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 ● All the students in our class arehardworking.我們班所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功。 公式350 glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 主語是以成對(duì)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ● My blue trousers have worn out.我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。 如果這類名詞前用pair of等單位名詞修飾,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與單位名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 公式351 people/police/cattle等+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 people, police,cattle是只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ● Many people were present at the meeting.許多人出席了會(huì)議。 公式352 ... and.../both...and...+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 意為“……和……都”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ● New York and Boston are American cities.紐約和波士頓都是美國(guó)的城市。 公式353 主語+with/togetherwith/except/but/like/as well as...+謂語 ● The mother along with her two children goes to the park everyweekend.那位母親和她的兩個(gè)孩子每個(gè)周末都要去公園。 公式354 class/family/group/team等+單數(shù)謂語/復(fù)數(shù)謂語 ● The class is the best one in the grade.這個(gè)班是年級(jí)中最好的。 ● The whole class are listening to the teachercarefully.全班同學(xué)都在認(rèn)真地聽老師講課。 該類集體名詞作主語,側(cè)重整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 當(dāng)表示多個(gè)這樣的整體時(shí),也可以有自己的復(fù)數(shù)形式。側(cè)重整體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 公式355 some/any/all/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語 ● Some of the money was spent on clothes.一些錢花在了衣服上。 公式356 some/any/all/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 ● All of the people have gone.所有的人都走了。 公式357 one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 ● Zhang Ning is one of the students who werepraised at the meeting.張寧是會(huì)議上受表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。 公式358 only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語 ● He is the only one of players in our schoolwho has taken the first prize.他是我們學(xué)校唯一一位獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的選手。 公式359 ...or.../either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but (also)...+謂語動(dòng)詞 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于與之最靠近的名詞或代詞。 ● No food or water is allowed to be taken with.不準(zhǔn)帶食物和水。 公式360 There be... be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于與之最靠近的名詞或代詞。 ● There are four chairs and two tables in theroom.房間里有四把椅子和兩張桌子。 公式361 There be肯定句式:There (+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+be+主語... be動(dòng)詞前可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)。 ● There is a lot of meat on the plate.盤子里有很多肉。 ● There will be more serious air pollution ifpeople use more and more cars.如果人們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟厥褂闷?,那么空氣污染將?huì)更加嚴(yán)重。 公式362 There be否定句式: There+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+be ● There isn’t a telephone in the room.房間里沒有電話。 公式363 There be否定句式: There+be+not/no+主語... ● There will not be any football match thisweekend.這個(gè)周末沒有任何足球比賽。 公式364 There be的一般疑問句式:Be動(dòng)詞+there ● —Are there anymagazines on the shelf?書架上有雜志嗎? 公式365 There be的一般疑問句式:助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be(+any)+主語...? ● Has there been an accident?出過事故嗎? 公式366 There be的特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞(+名詞)+be動(dòng)詞+there...? ● How many people are there in your family?你家有幾口人? 公式367 There be的特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞(+名詞)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be...? ● What did there use to be?那里過去有什么? 公式368 There+stand/lie/live等+主語... There be句式中的be動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)詞stand,lie, live等替換。 ● There stands a temple on the top of themountain.山頂上有一座廟。 公式369 There seems(seemed)/appears(appeared)to be+主語... ● There seems to be a lack of communication.看起來是缺乏溝通。 公式370 強(qiáng)調(diào)句:Itis/was...that/who... 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是指人的名詞時(shí),用who或that皆可,其他情況皆用that。 ● It was Jack and Mary that/who met with afunnylooking man yesterday.昨天是杰克和瑪麗遇見了一個(gè)樣子滑稽可笑的男人。 公式371 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句式:Is/Was it...that/who...? ● Is it your brother who works in that company?是你哥哥在那家公司工作嗎? 公式372 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞+is/wasit that...? ● Why was it that he cried yesterday?他昨天究竟為什么哭? 公式373 倒裝: No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語... 表示否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。 ● We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we thinkabout how they work.我們聽到笑話會(huì)笑,但是從來沒想過笑話是怎樣讓我們發(fā)笑的。 公式374 倒裝:So...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語...+that... 在so... that...句式中,so...部分置于句首時(shí),主句用部分倒裝。 ● So fast does light travel that we can hardlyimagine its speed.光速很快,我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。 公式375 倒裝:Only+狀語+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語... only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語置于句首時(shí),句子/主句用部分倒裝。 ● Only if you eat the correct foods will you beable to keep fit and stay healthy.只有合理膳食才會(huì)保持身體健康。 公式376 倒裝:Not until...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語... 時(shí)間狀語not until...置于句首時(shí),句子/主句用部分倒裝。 ● Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the familywas for him.直到離開家他才開始明白家庭對(duì)于他是多么重要。 公式377 倒裝:Not only...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語...but also... not only...置于句首時(shí),其所在的分句用部分倒裝。 ● Not only does he do well in his lessons, buthe often helps others with their lessons.他不但自己學(xué)習(xí)好,還經(jīng)常幫助別人學(xué)習(xí)。 公式378 倒裝:Hardly had+主語...+when... No sooner had+主語...+than....hardly,no sooner 置于句首時(shí),hardly, no sooner所在的句子用部分倒裝。 ● Hardly had he uttered the words when shebegan laughing. 他剛一開口說話,她就笑了。 公式379 倒裝:So/Neither/Nor+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語 表示前面所說的情況也適合另外一者或一者也具備另外一種情況,意為“也(不)”。前面是否定句時(shí)用neither/nor,前面是肯定句時(shí)用so;動(dòng)詞的形式與前面的句子一致。 ● Jane comes from Canada. So does Mary.簡(jiǎn)來自加拿大,瑪麗也是。 公式380 倒裝:up/down/away/infront of...+謂語動(dòng)詞+主語 ● Up wentthe rocket.火箭升上了天。 公式381 倒裝: 分詞短語+be動(dòng)詞+主語 ● Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。 公式382 倒裝:Here/There/Now+謂語動(dòng)詞+主語 ● Here comes the bus!公共汽車來了! 公式383 省略:I’dlike/love/be glad/be happy to ● —Would you like tojoin me for a quick lunch before class?你愿意課前與我一起吃頓簡(jiǎn)單的午飯嗎? —I’d like to, but Ipromised Nancy to go out with her.我愿意,可是我已經(jīng)答應(yīng)跟南希一起出去了。 公式384 if/when/while/unless/as+分詞 ● The flowers his friend gave him will dieunless watered every day.除非天天澆水,否則朋友送他的花就會(huì)死掉。 公式385 as...aspossible/sb.can 表示“盡可能……”。 ● Please come as soon as possible you can.請(qǐng)盡量早來。 公式386 if necessary/possible/any/ever表示“如果有必要/可能/有/曾……”。 ● —Have you got anyparticular plans for the coming holiday?對(duì)即將來臨的假期你有特別的計(jì)劃了嗎? —Yes, if possible, I’mgoing to visit some homes for the old in the city.是的,如果可能的話,我將去這個(gè)城市的幾處老年之家看看。 公式387 Why (not) do...?why (not)后一般跟動(dòng)詞原形,很少出現(xiàn)主語或動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,含有較強(qiáng)的建議意味。 ● Why not go and ask the teacher for help?為什么不去找老師幫忙? ● Why not relax and enjoy the fresh air?為什么不休息一下,呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣呢? 公式388 主語+do/does/did do替代謂語,有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 ● John spoke German as fluently as Mary didwhen they studied in middle school.中學(xué)時(shí),約翰的德語說得跟瑪麗一樣流利。 公式389 主語+do/does/did+so 該結(jié)構(gòu)表示同一人所做的、前面剛提到過的同一動(dòng)作,so指代剛提到過的想法、行動(dòng)、品質(zhì)、情況等。 ● The teacher asked him to hand in hiscomposition at once and he did so.老師讓他立刻交上作文,他就這么做了。 公式390 主語+do/does/did+that/it替代前面剛剛提到的動(dòng)作,但動(dòng)詞do的主語與前面所提到的句子的主語不同。 ● —Do you know whobroke the window?你知道是誰打破的窗戶嗎? —I heard John did that.我聽說是約翰做的。 公式391 ...that+間接引語 直接引語為陳述句時(shí),間接引語應(yīng)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 ● He said to me, “I have left my bookin your room.”→He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告訴我他把書落在我的房間里了。 公式392 ...if/whether+間接引語 直接引語為一般疑問句或反意疑問句時(shí),間接引語應(yīng)為if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,且倒裝語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。 ● “Do you like Beckham?” she said tome.→She asked me if/whether I liked Beckham.她問我是否喜歡貝克漢姆。 公式393 ...whether...or+間接引語 直接引語為選擇疑問句時(shí),間接引語應(yīng)為whether... or...引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,倒裝語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。 ● I asked him, “Will you stay athome or go to school?”→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to school.我問他是待在家里還是去上學(xué)。 公式394 ...特殊疑問詞+間接引語 直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí),間接引語應(yīng)為由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,倒裝語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。 ● He asked, “Where do you live?”→He asked mewhere I lived.他問我住在哪里。 公式395 ...ask/tell/beg等+賓語+to do 直接引語為祈使句時(shí),間接引語應(yīng)為不定式短語,如果祈使句為否定式,還要在不定式前加not。 ● The teacher said to the students, “Be quiet,please.”→The teacher asked the students to be quiet.老師要求學(xué)生們保持安靜。 公式396 ...what/how/that+間接引語 直接引語為感嘆句時(shí),間接引語應(yīng)為how, what, that等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 ● She said, “What a lovely day itis!”→She said what a lovely day it was./She said that it was a lovelyday.她說天氣很好。 公式397 “一隨主”原則該原則是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí),直接引語中的第一人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的主語的人稱變化。 ● She said, “I saw him lastnight.”→She said she had seen him the night before.她說她前一天晚上看見過他。 公式398 “二隨賓”原則該原則是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí),直接引語中的第二人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的賓語的人稱變化。 ● He said to Kate, “How is yoursister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then.他問凱特她妹妹那時(shí)怎么樣了。 公式399 “第三人稱不更新”原則該原則是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí),直接引語中的第三人稱代詞一般不需要變化。 ● Mr Smith said, “Jack is a goodworkmate.”→Mr Smith said that Jack was a good workmate.史密斯先生說杰克是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的同事。 公式400 主語+did+that+主語+did/had done... 引述動(dòng)詞用了過去時(shí)態(tài),直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)要相應(yīng)地變?yōu)檫^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。 ● “I never get up before 8 a.m. on Sundays,” he said.→He said that he never got up before 8 a.m. onSundays.他說他星期天上午從未在8點(diǎn)之前起床。 |
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