Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China中國古代的偉大人物及其發(fā)明

Read Philosophers of Ancient China and match the words with the definitions.閱讀“中國古代的哲學家”，將下列單詞寫在與之對應的定義后面。 order(n) bring up found(v) principle belief 秩序 撫養(yǎng)成人 建立 準則 信仰 an idea that influences the way you behave影響你行為方式的思想 to start an organisation or philosophy創(chuàng)辦一個組織或者哲學 the feeling that something is true and exists事物真實存在的感覺 when people obey laws and rules and do not cause trouble人們遵守法律準則，不惹麻煩 to look after children until they are adults照看小孩直到他們成年 Find the words and phrases in the passage that match these definitions.從文中找出與下列定義相對應的單詞或短語。 €< €gave a lot of importance to給出……的大量重要性 €$ €job職位 €8 €doing what he suggested按他的建議做 €X €tell your employer that you are going to leave your job告訴你的雇主你要離開你的工作崗位 €9 €someone who gives advice提出建議的人 €: €having a lot of influence有很大影響 € T €Read the passage again. Choose the correct answers.再讀一遍文章，選擇正確的答案。 € h €Check your answers to Introduction activity 2 according to the passage.根據(jù)文章，核對你引言中活動2的答案。 €2 €Learning to learn學會學習 € €Write a list of seven words which are related to the same topic. Show it to your friend quickly. See how many he/she can memorise. Discuss with him/her how words are better memorised.寫出與同一個主題有關的七個單詞，快速給你的朋友看，看看他/她能記住幾個，與他/她一起討論怎樣更好地記單詞。 hilosophers of Ancient China中國古代的哲學家 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius(551BC-479BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. 古代中國各諸侯國之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭。但那也是一個產生了許多哲學家的時期?？鬃樱ü?/font>551--公元前479）是影響最大的哲學家。 He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years. 他強調了仁愛、責任和社會秩序的重要性。中國社會受孔子學說的影響已長達兩千多年。 Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. 孟子是一位思想家，他的理論和孔子的理論很相似。孟子生于公元前372年， His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. 自小就喪父，他母親把他撫養(yǎng)成人。他成為儒家弟子，并在一個國家政府謀得很重要的職位。 However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. 但是當他發(fā)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)治者并不聽從他的建議時，他辭職了。好幾年的時間，他周游列國，宣揚儒家學說。然后他又成為了另一個統(tǒng)治者的顧問。 He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. 他晚年一直在準備記載他自己學說的書《孟子》。 Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 孟子認為人區(qū)別于動物的本質就是人是性善的。 He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly. 他主張“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民為重，君為輕”，反對暴政。 Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. 墨子是又一位極具影響力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一個貧苦家庭。 He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. 他因為不同尋常的服裝和行為舉止而出名。墨子創(chuàng)立了墨家學派， In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. 他的理論在某些方面和孔子的理論相似。例如，他認為統(tǒng)治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力尋找一個人們愿意聽從他的理論的國家。 Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. 墨子認為人人都是平等的，他主張的“兼愛”與孔子的“仁愛”不同。 Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC. 墨子認為我們必須愛護所有的人，照顧比我們弱小的人。墨子反對統(tǒng)治者發(fā)動的侵略戰(zhàn)爭。墨子逝世于公元前390年。