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來源：生物探索
圖片來源：Aging Cel（DOI: 10.1111/acel.12735） 3月8日，這項(xiàng)研究成果以2篇論文（論文一：Properties of the vastus lateralis muscle in relation to age and physiological function in master cyclists aged 55–79 years；論文二：Major features of immunesenescence, including reduced thymic output, are ameliorated by high levels of physical activity in adulthood）的形式發(fā)表在Aging Cell雜志上。
圖片來源：Aging Cel（DOI: 10.1111/acel.12750） 該研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是，評估在成年后的大部分時(shí)間都堅(jiān)持鍛煉的老年人的健康，以調(diào)查是否長期運(yùn)動能夠延緩衰老。 研究招募了125名年齡在55歲至79歲之間的業(yè)余自行車手（amateur cyclists），其中，84人為男性，41人為女性。男性必須能夠在6.5小時(shí)內(nèi)騎100公里，而女性必須能夠在5.5小時(shí)內(nèi)騎60公里。此外，研究排除了吸煙者、酗酒者以及有高血壓或其他健康狀況的人。 參與者在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行了一系列的測試，并與一組不參加定期體育活動的成年人進(jìn)行了比較。 結(jié)果顯示，那些定期鍛煉的人沒有發(fā)生肌肉質(zhì)量和力量的喪失。自行車手的身體脂肪或膽固醇水平也沒有隨著年齡增長而增加，且男性的睪丸素也保持在很高的水平，這表明他們可能避免了大多數(shù)男性的更年期。
Study revealed that the benefits of exercise extend beyond muscle as the cyclists had an immune system that had not aged（圖片參考自：伯明翰大學(xué)） 更令人驚訝的是，這項(xiàng)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，運(yùn)動的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過對肌肉的影響，因?yàn)?，自行車手的免疫系統(tǒng)似乎也沒有老化。 研究人員介紹稱，胸腺是負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生T細(xì)胞（一種免疫細(xì)胞）的器官，它從20歲時(shí)開始萎縮，產(chǎn)生的T細(xì)胞變少。然而，在這項(xiàng)研究中，自行車手的胸腺產(chǎn)生的T細(xì)胞與年輕人的胸腺一樣多。 調(diào)查結(jié)果還顯示，在65歲以上的人中，只有不到一半的人做了足夠多的運(yùn)動來保持健康，超過半數(shù)65歲以上的人至少患有兩種疾病。 論文二的通訊作者、伯明翰大學(xué)的Janet Lord教授說：“基于這一研究，現(xiàn)在，我們有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，鼓勵人們在一生中堅(jiān)持定期鍛煉是解決‘活得更長，但并不健康’這一問題的可行辦法?！?/p> 倫敦國王學(xué)院的名譽(yù)教授Norman Lazarus建議人們在適合的環(huán)境中，找一種喜歡的運(yùn)動，并養(yǎng)成體育鍛煉的習(xí)慣。他說：“如此堅(jiān)持下去，你將在晚年獲得回報(bào)——享受獨(dú)立而豐富的老年生活?！? 參考資料： A lifetime of regular exercise slows down aging, study finds
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 Properties of the vastus lateralis muscle in relation to age and physiological function in master cyclists aged 55–79 years
文獻(xiàn)檢索：DOI: 10.1111/acel.12735
In this study, results are reported from the analyses of vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples obtained from a subset (n = 90) of 125 previously phenotyped, highly active male and female cyclists aged 55–79 years in regard to age. We then subsequently attempted to uncover associations between the findings in muscle and in vivo physiological functions. Muscle fibre type and composition (ATPase histochemistry), size (morphometry), capillary density (immunohistochemistry) and mitochondrial protein content (Western blot) in relation to age were determined in the biopsy specimens. Aside from an age-related change in capillary density in males (r = ?.299; p = .02), no other parameter measured in the muscle samples showed an association with age. However, in males type I fibres and capillarity (p < .05) were significantly associated with training volume, maximal oxygen uptake, oxygen uptake kinetics and ventilatory threshold. In females, the only association observed was between capillarity and training volume (p < .05). In males, both type II fibre proportion and area (p < .05) were associated with peak power during sprint cycling and with maximal rate of torque development during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Mitochondrial protein content was not associated with any cardiorespiratory parameter in either males or females (p > .05). We conclude in this highly active cohort, selected to mitigate most of the effects of inactivity, that there is little evidence of age-related changes in the properties of VL muscle across the age range studied. By contrast, some of these muscle characteristics were correlated with in vivo physiological indices. 展開Major features of immunesenescence, including reduced thymic output, are ameliorated by high levels of physical activity in adulthood
文獻(xiàn)檢索：DOI: 10.1111/acel.12750
It is widely accepted that aging is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system including thymic atrophy and increased frequency of senescent T cells, leading to immune compromise. However, physical activity, which influences immunity but declines dramatically with age, is not considered in this literature. We assessed immune profiles in 125 adults (55–79 years) who had maintained a high level of physical activity (cycling) for much of their adult lives, 75 age-matched older adults and 55 young adults not involved in regular exercise. The frequency of na?ve T cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTE) were both higher in cyclists compared with inactive elders, and RTE frequency in cyclists was no different to young adults. Compared with their less active counterparts, the cyclists had significantly higher serum levels of the thymoprotective cytokine IL-7 and lower IL-6, which promotes thymic atrophy. Cyclists also showed additional evidence of reduced immunesenescence, namely lower Th17 polarization and higher B regulatory cell frequency than inactive elders. Physical activity did not protect against all aspects of immunesenescence: CD28?veCD57+ve senescent CD8 T-cell frequency did not differ between cyclists and inactive elders. We conclude that many features of immunesenescence may be driven by reduced physical activity with age. |
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