The Su bjunctive Mood(虛擬語氣)(1)．英語的動詞一般可用三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣(The Indicative Mood)．祈使句語氣(The Impera— tive Mood)和虛擬語氣(The Su bjunctive Mood)。

1．陳述語氣(The Indicative Mood)主要用來陳述一個事實或提出一種看法，它可分為肯定句、否定句、疑問句和感嘆句四種形式。

2．祈使語氣(The Imperative Mood)可以用來表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等。

3．虛擬語氣(The Su bjunctive Mood)表示說話人所說的內(nèi)容不是事實．而是一種假設(shè)：愿望、懷疑或推測。

虛擬語氣主要用于條件從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句中。

(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。

if引導的條件句謂語動詞用過去時，動詞be的過去式多用were代替was；主句謂語動詞用

should／would／could/might+動詞原形。 eg：

I would ee,tainly go ifl had time．(I have no time)要是我有時間我一定去。

If he were here．everything would be aIl fight．(he is not here)如果他在這里,一切就沒問題了。

1f he were／was here．we could ask him．如果他在這里，我們就可以問他了。

If you didn't hurry．you mighl be late again．如果你不抓緊，可能又要遲到了。

If he were here with us．we should,／would feel much better．

如果他和我們在一起，我們的感覺會好得多。

If I were you，1 would give an AIDS patient a hug． 如果我是你，我會給艾滋病患者一個擁抱。

(2)虛擬語氣在條件句中表示與過去事實相反．謂語動詞的主要形式如下：

條件從句用had+過去分詞．主句用would(should．could，might)+have+過去分詞。 eg： If the hurricane had happened during the day time，there would have been many more deaths．

如果颶風發(fā)生在白天，死亡的人數(shù)還會更多。

lf you had come a few minutes earlier．you would(could，might)have met the famous singer．、 如果你早來幾分鐘的話，你就會(可能會)見到那個著名歌唱家。

If l had known you were free at that time．1 would have asked you to go with me．如果我知道那時候你有空．我就叫你和我一起去了。 ’

(3)虛擬語氣在條件句中表示與將來事實相反或與將來事實可能相反，謂語動詞的主要形式如下：

條件從句動詞過去式，或should+動詞原形．或we,re to+動詞原形，主句would(sHould，could，might)+動詞原形。 eg：If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明． 天下雪，他們就不出去了。

lf he were to do this experi‘ment。he might do it in some other way．

要是他做這項實驗，他可能用另外某種方法做。

H I should see her．what would I say to her?如果我見到她，對她說什么呢?

考題1 for the doctor's careful treatment, he till last year.

A. If it is not: can't live B. W.,ere in not; couldn't live

C. Had it not been; couldn't have lived

D. If they were not: couldn'tlive

考題2 -I'm sorry I spent so much money. Dad.

I wish you so.

A. hadn't done B. didn't do C. haven't' done D. wouldn't do

考題3 I advised that heto the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then.

A. be sent: was feeling B. was sent: felt C. be sent; feel D. should be sent: should feel

考題4 Shall he come to sere you?

--Of course, please. And I'd rather he __ me the truth.

A. inform B. told C. will say D. spoke

(4)在I wish后面的賓語從句以及as if／thougfi引導的狀語從句中要用虛擬語氣，相當于從句的虛擬，即：如表示與過去的事實情況相反就用過去完成時；如表示與現(xiàn)在(或當時)的事實情況相反就用過去時。 eg：I wish I were young．我真希望自己年輕。

I wish I could visit your school again soon．我希望不久能再次訪問你們學校。

How I wish I had taken the examination yesterday!我多么希望我昨天參加考試了!

The old man treated us as if we were his own children．

這老人對待我們好像我們是他自己的孩子一般。

They are talking to each othei as if they had been friends for years．

他們正在交談．好像多年的老朋友似的。

(5)虛擬語氣用于It is time(that)…句型中 ．

這種情況下，that從句中的謂語動詞通常用過去時,表示“是……時候了”，time前可用high、 修飾，表示強調(diào)。 eg：

It's time 1 went and picked up my little girl from sch001．我該去學校接我的小女兒了。

It’s time that we stopped(should stop)this practice．現(xiàn)在是結(jié)束這種做法的時候了。

It’s high time you took actions．你早該采取行動了。

特別提醒：虛擬語氣的其他用法：

(1)在in order that或so that引導的目．的狀語從句中謂語動詞多用“could／might(有時也用should)+動詞原形”。 eg：

They gave their lives so that we might live a happy life．

他們犧牲自己的生命是為了使我們過上幸福生活。

In order that everyone may understand it．write it in simple language．為了使人人都能懂，請用簡明的文字來寫。

(2)在in case，for fear(that)等引導的從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”。 eg：

Take your umbrella．in case it(should)rain．帶著雨傘，以防下雨。

They work hard for fear that they should fail．他們努力工作．唯恐失敗。

(3)在It is a pity／a shame／no wonder／unbelievable／strange／important／necessary／natural等結(jié)構(gòu)后的that引導的主語從句中．謂語常用should+動詞原形(或完成形式)表示驚奇、惶惑、懷疑、不滿等語氣。 eg：

It is a great pity that he should be so conceited．真遺憾他竟然這么自高自大。

It's strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings．真奇怪，她竟然沒看

到自己的缺點。(4)虛擬語氣在動詞arrange，command，demand，desire，insist(堅持要求)．order，propose．

request．require，suggest(建議)，ask，prefer等后面的賓語從句以及這些動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的

名詞后的同位語從句用“(should)+動詞原形”。 eg：

We suggested that we(should)have a meeting．我們建議開個會。

We insisted that they(should)go with us．我們堅持他們和我們一起去。

He demanded that we(should)start right away．他要求我們立刻開始。

The doctor ordered that she(should)stay in bed for a few days．醫(yī)生命令她臥床休息幾天。

(5)在would rather．would better之后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y．從句用過去時；對過去的推測，從句用“had+過去分詞”eg：

I would rather you did the work at once．我寧愿你立刻工作。

I would like you had done the work before．我希望你以前做過這項工佑。

(6)虛擬語氣用于If only．一是一個省略了主句的條件句．用來表達某種強烈的不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。謂語動詞可以有三種形式：①過去時．表示一種與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望；②過去完成． 時，表示與過去事實相反的愿望；③could,rnight+動詞原形，表示與將來事實相反的愿望。

(7)虛擬語氣用于“愿望、意圖、打算等動詞的過去完成式十不定式一般式”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表示“愿望、意圖、打算”等，如hope，expect，think，intend．want．mean，plan，promise，suppose等動詞的過去完成時后接一般形式的不定式，常常表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。 eg：

We had meant to give Joan a surprise，but she knew the secret early．我們本打算給瓊一個驚喜．但她提前知道了這個秘密。

They had wanted to help us，but couldn't get here in time．他們本想要幫助我們，但是沒能及時趕到這里。

I had intended to come over to see you last night，but someone called and I Coufdn't get away．我昨晚本打算過來看你．但因有人來訪而不能脫身。

We had planned to go to Beijing by train，but you didn't turn up．我們本來計劃坐火車去北京，但是你沒有出現(xiàn)。

考題1點撥；答案為c?？疾閷^去事情的假設(shè)，從句用had．done主句用情態(tài)動詞+have done。．當if條件句省略if時，將助動詞 had提到句首。句意為：“要是沒有醫(yī)生的精心治療，他不可能活到去年。”

考題2點撥：答案為A。從1 wish 可以看出此處應(yīng)為虛擬語氣。1 wish that從句用had done，句意為：“我希望你沒有花那么多錢。”

考題3點撥：答案為A。advise that從句用(should)+動詞原形，而insist當“建議”時后接(should)+動詞原形，當“堅持認為”時用陳述語氣。本句的insist當“堅持認為”講，故選A。句意為：“我建議他應(yīng)立即被送往醫(yī)院，但他那時堅持認為他很好?！?/p>

考題4點撥：答案為B。Shall he come to see you?表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事，而would rather that后用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事。句意為：“我寧愿他告訴我實話?！眛ell sb．the truth“說實話”固定搭配。