whatever與no matter what

有這樣一道題：

It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ her or she wants.

A. whatever             B. no matter what       C. whenever            D. no matter when

此題應(yīng)選 A。容易誤選B。選項(xiàng)C、D顯然是錯(cuò)的，因?yàn)榫渲械?wants 缺賓語(yǔ)，而C、D兩項(xiàng)不能作賓語(yǔ)。至于C、D 的區(qū)別，可這樣描述：no matter what 只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，而不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。而 whatever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(＝anything that)，也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句(＝no matter what)：

1. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(只用whatever)：

無(wú)論他做什么都是對(duì)的。

正：Whatever he did was right.

誤：No matter what he did was right.

無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么似乎都有道理。

正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.

誤：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.

山羊找到什么就吃什么。

正：Goats eat whatever they find.

誤：Goats eat no matter what they find.

2. 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句(兩者可換用)：

無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都不會(huì)相信你。

正：Whatever you say，I won’t believe you.

正：No matter what you say，I won’t believe you.

無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。

正：Keep calm，whatever happens.

正：Keep calm，no matter what happens.