一、船舶準(zhǔn)備就緒通知書（Notice of Readiness, NOR）

是船舶通知其已準(zhǔn)備好開始執(zhí)行租船合同（交付時(shí)）或已準(zhǔn)備好裝貨或卸貨的正式文件。

二、NOR的提交有兩個(gè)主要目的

（一）是通知租船人船舶已可供其使用。

（二）是作為裝卸時(shí)間或租金開始計(jì)算的起始點(diǎn)。

三、NOR的有效性

NOR的有效性是航次租船合同中常見的爭(zhēng)議來源，可能影響租船合同的履行、滯期費(fèi)的收取以及租船人取消合同的權(quán)利。

為了提交有效的NOR，需滿足以下三個(gè)核心條件：

（一）船舶必須已抵達(dá)約定地點(diǎn)（“抵港船舶”）

船舶必須抵達(dá)租船合同約定的交付、裝貨或卸貨地點(diǎn)。租船合同通常會(huì)明確約定地點(diǎn)，例如港口、碼頭或泊位。

租船合同可能包含與船舶是否為“抵港船舶”相關(guān)的附加條款，例如：

WIPON（Whether In Port Or Not） – “無論船舶是否在港內(nèi)”

WIBON (Whether In Berth Or Not)– “無論船舶是否在泊位”

WICCON (Whether Customs Cleared Or Not)– “無論是否完成海關(guān)清關(guān)”

WIFPON(Whether in Free Pratique Or Not)  – “無論是否獲得檢疫通行證”（這指的是港口在船舶通過主管衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局認(rèn)證為無傳染病后，授予船舶進(jìn)入港口的許可）。

這些附加條款的存在可能允許船東比未包含這些條款時(shí)更早提交NOR。

在泊位租船合同中，船舶必須實(shí)際靠泊泊位；而在港口租船合同中，船舶只需抵達(dá)港口的商業(yè)區(qū)域即可提交NOR。

（二）船舶必須物理上已準(zhǔn)備好

船舶必須處于可以立即開始貨物作業(yè)的狀態(tài)，并能夠隨時(shí)遵守租船人的裝卸指令。這包括貨艙適合裝貨、裝卸設(shè)備（如起重機(jī)、泵等）正常運(yùn)行，以及船員準(zhǔn)備就緒。

在航次租船合同中，如果船舶的物理準(zhǔn)備不足（如貨艙未清潔或設(shè)備故障），提交的NOR將無效。

（三）船舶必須法律上已準(zhǔn)備好

船舶必須完成所有法律和行政要求，包括海關(guān)清關(guān)、移民和警察批準(zhǔn)、健康檢查或檢疫通行（港口允許船舶進(jìn)入的許可）。

如果租船合同包含“無論是否清關(guān)”（WCCON）或“無論是否獲得檢疫通行證（WIFPON）等條款，船舶可能無需完成某些法律程序即可提交NOR。

四、NOR的格式與提交要求

根據(jù)英國(guó)法律，NOR沒有特定的格式要求，但必須準(zhǔn)確聲明船舶已準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行交付、裝貨或卸貨。

租船合同可能對(duì)NOR的格式和提交方式有明確要求，例如通過信函、傳真或電子郵件。如果合同未明確規(guī)定，電子郵件或書面通知通常被視為有效。

一些租船合同規(guī)定NOR應(yīng)在辦公時(shí)間提交（如當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間06:00至17:00）。若在非辦公時(shí)間提交，通常視為下一個(gè)工作日辦公時(shí)間開始時(shí)提交。

五、無效NOR的處理

(一）無效NOR的后果

如果NOR無效，裝卸時(shí)間或租金將不會(huì)開始計(jì)算。

在交付船舶時(shí)，若船東提交無效NOR，租船人可能有權(quán)在laycan期結(jié)束后取消租船合同。

在航次租船合同中，若船舶未準(zhǔn)備好，租船人可能拒絕接受NOR，并主張裝卸時(shí)間未開始。

（二）無效NOR能否變?yōu)橛行?/span>

無效的NOR即使在條件滿足后也無法變?yōu)橛行А１仨氈匦绿峤恍碌腘OR，以確保時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算。

（三）租船人接受無效NOR的法律后果

如果租船人通過行為或明示接受無效的NOR（如下達(dá)裝貨命令），可能被視為放棄了主張NOR無效的權(quán)利。

租船人應(yīng)以“不妨礙租船合同”為前提接受可能無效的NOR，以保留后續(xù)索賠的權(quán)利。

六、總結(jié)

提交有效的NOR是租船合同履行中的關(guān)鍵步驟。需確保船舶在提交NOR時(shí)已滿足抵港、物理和法律準(zhǔn)備的要求。

租船人則需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待NOR的有效性，避免因接受無效NOR而喪失法律權(quán)利。

如對(duì)NOR的有效性或相關(guān)條款存在疑問，建議及時(shí)尋求專業(yè)法律意見。

附錄1. NOR爭(zhēng)端案例

附錄2.Notice of Readiness (NOR) Example

以下是船長(zhǎng)或授權(quán)代理人可能向租船人、發(fā)貨人或貨物收貨人提交的“準(zhǔn)備就緒通知”（NOR）示例。請(qǐng)注意，格式和具體細(xì)節(jié)可能因特定合同、租船合同協(xié)議和港口要求而有所不同。確?！皽?zhǔn)備就緒通知”（NOR）中提供的信息準(zhǔn)確且完整至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樵撐募诖_定裝卸時(shí)間的起算以及任何潛在的滯期費(fèi)或速遣費(fèi)索賠方面起著關(guān)鍵作用。

Notice of Readiness (NOR) Example 1

[Date]

To:[Charterer/Shipper/Receiver] [Company Name] [Address] [City,Country]

Subject: Notice of Readiness for Ship [Ship Name]

Dear [Contact Person],

We hereby tender Notice of Readiness for the ship [Ship Name] (IMO Number: [IMO Number]) in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Charter Party/ Contract of Affreightment dated [Date of Charter Party/ Contract].

Ship details:

·Ship Name: [Ship Name]

·IMO Number: [IMO Number]

·Flag:[Flag]

·Gross Tonnage: [Gross Tonnage]

·Deadweight Tonnage: [Deadweight Tonnage]

Port/Terminal Information:

·Port Name: [Port Name]

·Terminal/Berth:[Terminal/Berth]

·Coordinates:[Latitude], [Longitude]

Date and Time of Readiness:

·Date:[Date]

·Time: [Time, in local time or GMT/UTC as per agreement]

The ship has arrived at the designated area, has complied with all necessary regulations, and is ready to commence cargo operations for loading / discharging [Cargo Type] as per the Charter Party/Contract of Affreightment. All required documentation, inspections, and certifications have been completed, and the ship's cargo holds and equipment are in a suitable condition for cargo operations.

We kindly request that you acknowledge receipt of this Notice of Readiness and confirm the commencement of laytime accordingly.

Yours faithfully,

「Master's /Agent's Namel ITitle / Positionl IContact Information:Email/Phone Numberl

Notice of Readiness (NOR) Example 2

[Shipowner's/Agent's Letterhead]

Date: [Date of issuance]

To:[Charterer's Name and Address] Attention: [Charterer's Agent or Relevant Person]

Subject: Notice of Readiness (NOR)

Ship Name: [Ship's Name] IMO Number: [Ship's IMO Number] Port of Registry: [Port of Registry] Gross Tonnage: [Gross Tonnage] Net Tonnage: [Net Tonnage] Deadweight: [Deadweight Tonnage]

Dear Sir/Madam,

We, the undersigned, as Master/Agent of the ship [Ship's Name], hereby provide this Notice of Readiness in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Charter Party dated [Charter Party Date] between [Shipowner's Name] and [Charterer's Name].

We confirm that the ship has arrived at the designated [loading/discharging] port of [Port Name] on [Date and Time of Arrival] and is safely anchored/moored at [Location within Port or Berth Number].

The ship is ready in all respects to [load/discharge] the cargo as per the terms of the Charter Party agreement. All necessary clearances,including free pratique and customs clearance, have been obtained. The cargo holds have been prepared, and the ship is in a seaworthy condition to receive the cargo.

Please be advised that, in accordance with the Charter Party agreement, laytime will commence [specify the number of hours, e.g., six hours] after the acceptance of this Notice of Readiness, unless otherwise agreed.

We kindly request that you acknowledge receipt and acceptance of this Notice of Readiness by signing and returning a copy of this letter.

Yours faithfully,

[Master's/Agent's Name] [Master's/Agent's Signature]

For and on behalf of [Shipowner's Name]

Acknowledged and accepted:

[Charterer's/Agent's Name] [Charterer's/Agent's Signature] Date: [Date of acceptance]

參考資料：

1.LCC Guide Notice of Readiness (SHIPOWNERS)

2.Defence Guides Notices of readiness in a nutshell(WEST)

3.Notice of Readiness(HandyBulk LLC)