80個常用動詞短語

80 Most Common Phrasal Verbs

短語動詞是兩個或兩個以上的單詞組合在一起構成一個全新的單詞，其含義與原來的單詞不同。例如，pick up的意思是“抓取”或“舉起”，與單獨的pick和up的定義非常不同。動詞短語在英語口語中很流行，但有時會讓人很困惑，因為它們的定義并不總是那么容易猜出來，而它們有成千上萬個。事實上，許多動詞短語是同一個基本動詞的不同變體，這可能會增加混淆。

特別是對于講多種語言的人來說，動詞短語是英語學習中最困難的話題之一。為了幫助簡化這個復雜的問題，下面是我們理解英語動詞短語的指南，包括最常見的動詞短語列表。

什么是動詞短語?

動詞短語將普通動詞與副詞或介詞組合在一起，形成一個全新的動詞短語——動詞短語。動詞短語的意思通常與組成它的單詞的意思無關，所以把一個動詞短語看作一個全新的、獨立的單詞。

You can use get over just like a normal verb, in any form or tense. Here are some quick examples:

在句子中使用時，短語動詞在變位和位置方面與其他動詞相同，盡管它們在詞序方面有特殊的規(guī)則，我們將在下面討論。動詞短語可以組合成任何類型的動詞形式，所以你可以在任何可以使用普通動詞的地方使用它們。

讓我們以動詞短語get over為例。動詞get意為“獲得”，介詞over通常指更高或高于某物。然而，把它們放在一起，動詞短語get over的意思是“恢復”或“克服”，這是一個完全不同于get和over的定義的新定義。

你可以像使用普通動詞一樣使用get over，可以用任何形式或時態(tài)。下面是一些簡單的例子:

一般過去時:

I had the flu last week but got over it.

不定式:

He wrote a song to get over his grandmother’s death.

動名詞:

Getting over prejudice at work is never easy.

分詞:

Having finally gotten over the breakup, they were ready to return their partner’s things.

怎么變化動詞短語

當一個動詞短語用作一個句子的主要動詞時，你把動詞的部分變化起來，而其他單詞則保持原樣。只要使用你想單獨使用的動詞形式就可以了。

I get up at noon during the summer.

However, this morning I got up at sunrise.

I have gotten up early too many times this month.

注意，只有get這個詞變了，而up這個詞保持不變。還要注意get這個不規(guī)則動詞是如何使用它的不規(guī)則形式來適應它所需要的時態(tài)的。

這樣，你就可以使用所有動詞時態(tài)的動詞短語，這樣你就可以交流任何你想要的東西。如果你在一個動詞短語列表中使用其他動詞，變位對于保持動詞時態(tài)的一致性也很重要。

動詞短語的類型

為了更好地理解動詞短語，可以把它們分成兩組:及物動詞和不及物動詞;可分離的和不可分離的。一個動詞短語只能屬于每對中的一個(盡管所有的可分離動詞短語都是及物動詞)。

及物的動詞短語

及物動詞短語使用直接賓語，就像普通及物動詞一樣。

Charlie couldn’t put up with the meowing cats any longer.

不及物動詞短語

同樣地，不及物動詞短語不使用賓語。

The regional director was late, so the sales team went ahead without her.

可分離的動詞短語

對于及物動詞短語，你有時可以把直接賓語放在單詞之間，例如，“pick you up”。然而，對于可分離動詞短語有一些規(guī)則要遵循，所以請注意接下來關于詞序的內容。

He forgot to shut the lights off before he left.

不可分離的動詞短語

不可分的動詞短語不能分開使用，必須一起使用。

The wayward son carried on without his father.

帶動詞短語的詞序

大多數(shù)時候，動詞短語中的單詞是在一起的。對于不及物動詞短語和不可分動詞短語，動詞和小品詞必須緊挨著，不能分開。

然而，可分離動詞短語遵循不同的規(guī)則。對于初學者來說，可分離動詞短語總是及物動詞，所以它們總是有一個直接賓語。你可以把直接賓語放在可分離動詞短語的中間，在動詞和分詞之間:

Augustus would never let Hazel down.

名詞短語也是如此;將名詞短語中的所有單詞放在動詞短語和小品詞之間:

You would never let any of your friends down.

有些可分離動詞要求你每次都把直接賓語放在中間。例如，讓我們來看看動詞短語get down。

[錯誤] The beginning of the movie Up gets down everyone.

[正確] The beginning of the movie Up gets everyone down.

另一方面，有時直接賓語是在動詞短語的中間還是結尾并不重要。兩種選擇都是可以接受的。不幸的是，沒有辦法知道你是否必須把動詞短語分開;你只需要學習和練習，直到它變得自然。

[正確] Pick the box up and carry it to the kitchen.

[正確] Pick up the box and carry it to the kitchen.

However, pronouns follow a special rule when it comes to separable phrasal verbs: If the object is a pronoun, it must be placed in the middle of a phrasal verb. Pronoun direct objects cannot go at the end.

然而，當涉及到可分離動詞短語時，代詞遵循一個特殊的規(guī)則:如果賓語是代詞，它必須放在動詞短語的中間。代詞直接賓語不能放在后面。

[錯誤] Pick up it and carry it to the kitchen.

[正確] Pick it up and carry it to the kitchen.

記住，并不是所有及物動詞短語都是可分離的。及物動詞短語既可以是可分離的，也可以是不可分離的，所以要注意你把賓語放在哪里。例如，及物動詞短語get through、come between和go against都是不可分割的，所以直接賓語每次都跟在它們后面。

[INCORRECT] Nothing comes us between.

[CORRECT] Nothing comes between us.

常用的動詞短語(含義和例句)

back [x] up

support or defend someone

When the class was making fun of me, only the teacher backed me up.

break down

stop working, especially when referring to machines

The ice cream machine at McDonalds is always breaking down.

call around

contact multiple people

Roy called around to find a nearby mechanic.

calm down

relax after an energetic or irritated state

I need a few minutes to calm down after that match.

call [x] off

cancel

We called the party off. / We called off the party.

check [x] out

verify a person or thing (can sometimes be flirtatious when used in reference to a person)

I’ll check the contract out. / I’ll check out the contract.

clean up

be extremely successful in an endeavor, such as business, sports, or gambling

Our hockey team cleaned up at the tournament and went home undefeated.

stop questionable behavior, such as consuming drugs or alcohol

Her boss said she had to either clean up or find a new job.

clean [x] up

clean a general area

John cleaned the living room up. / John cleaned up the living room.

cheer [x] up

make someone happy, especially if they were previously sad

Reading always cheers me up on a rainy day.

come around

change an opinion or see a new point of view

I never liked seafood, but came around after trying fried calamari.

come between

disturb a relationship

After more than fifty years of marriage, nothing could come between them.

come down on

attack or punish harshly

Ever since last month’s accident, police have been coming down on drunk driving.

come down with

become sick

After sitting in the rain for hours, Chandra came down with a nasty cold.

come out of

happen as a consequence of another event

We missed a day of school, so at least some good came out of our boring class trip.

come up

become the topic of discussion or receive attention

Everyone talked about how much they enjoyed the movie, but the run time never came up in the conversation.

approach or come near

While walking outside the fence, a cow came up right next to me and licked my face.

happen or occur, as with an event or situation

Don’t worry about a problem until after it comes up.

come up with

think of an idea, especially as the first person to do so, or to produce a solution

Sahar comes up with her best story ideas at night, so she writes them down before she forgets them.

count on

rely or depend on

If I’m ever making a mistake, I can count on my friends to warn me.

dive into

occupy oneself with something; to pore over quickly or reach into quickly

I’ll dive into that new TV show later tonight.

dress up

wear nice clothes or put forth in the best light

Abed dressed up for the award ceremony.

end up

eventually reach some conclusion or destination

After thinking for a day, he ended up taking the job.

fall apart

break into pieces

My new dress completely fell apart after just two washes.

suffer from mental or emotional distress

He endured all kinds of harassment at work without flinching, but completely fell apart when his cat got sick.

fill [x] up

fill something completely

Bruce filled his wine glass up to the brim. / Bruce filled up his wine glass to the brim.

find out

discover or learn

We’ll have to wait until the next TV episode to find out who the killer is.

get [x] across

communicate or explain something clearly

The professor spoke for hours, but didn’t get anything across to the students.

get ahead

succeed or progress

You’ll never get ahead at this company unless you follow the rules.

get around

travel from place to place

It’s impossible to get around this city without a car.

get around to [x]

do something eventually

I’ll get around to fixing the table after the playoffs.

get away with

escape punishment or some other unpleasantness

Shirley thought she got away with cheating until the teacher asked her to stay after class.

get along with

be friendly with

My dog gets along with everyone as long as they’re not a cat.

get at

reach

There’s an itch on my back that I can’t get at.

attempt to prove or explain

What these graphs are getting at is that we’ll be bankrupt by next week.

get away

escape or depart from

Lucio liked to go to the lake every weekend, just to get away from the city.

get away with

escape punishment for a crime or misdeed

The boss’s nephew gets away with much more than any of the other employees.

get [x] back

have something returned

Rodger got his pencil back from Greta. / Rodger got back his pencil from Greta.

get back at

have revenge on someone

Laila promised herself that she would get back at whomever started the rumor.

get by

survive or manage at the bare minimum

When Sheila lost her job, the family had to get by with only their savings.

get down

enjoy oneself without inhibitions, especially with music or dancing

Vicente may be overly formal at work, but he sure knows how to get down to hip-hop.

get [x] down

depress or discourage someone

Kima always gets everyone down with her stories from the hospital.

record or write something down

The President spoke quickly at the press conference, and reporters were struggling to get all of his comments down.

get down to

begin or start

Once everyone arrives, we’ll get down to picking teams.

get in on

join an activity

After Bitcoin started going up, everyone wanted to get in on cryptocurrency.

get into

discuss something thoroughly

I don’t want to get into our finances now; we’ll talk after our guests leave.

get [x] out of

receive a benefit from something

Babysitting the Cohles was a nightmare, but at least Janelle got some money out of it.

get over

recover or overcome

Drinking a lot of water helps in getting over an illness.

get through

complete or endure an unpleasant task

Alessandra can’t get through a morning without coffee.

get to

annoy or bother someone

People who don’t clean up after their dogs really get to me.

get together

have a social event

The volleyball team is getting together for dinner after practice.

give [x] away

donate something or give something for free

Mindy gave her prized doll collection away. / Mindy gave away her prized doll collection.

give up

accept defeat, quit, or surrender

Carin felt like giving up every time she saw the scoreboard.

give [x] up

stop consuming or doing something, often a habit

Minh gave chocolate up for his diet. / Minh gave up chocolate for his diet.

go against

contradict, oppose, or fight against

A group of students went against the school dress code yesterday and wore ripped jeans.

go ahead

proceed or move forward

Because of the snow, we can’t go ahead with the festival.

go along with

agree with or pretend to agree with

Even though Cedric hated weight lifting, he went along with it because his coach suggested it.

go for

try or attempt to achieve something

Carlos trains so hard because he is going for an Olympic gold medal.

go on

continue doing something (see keep [x] up)

The boys will go on digging until they hit a water pipe.

go over

review or look at again

Marie went over the study guide one last time before the test.

hand in

submit (especially an assignment)

The teacher wants us to hand in our essays through email.

hold [x] back

prevent someone from doing something

I wanted to become an architect, but my bad grades held me back.

keep [x] up

continue doing something (see go on)

Keep this pace up and you’ll set a new record!

leave [x] out

omit or disregard

Orna left the graph out of the presentation. / Orna left out the graph from the presentation.

let [x] down

disappoint

Kamal let Marco down when he arrived late. / Kamal let down Marco when he arrived late.

let go of

release or free

Don’t let go of the rope until I’m safe.

let [x] in

allow to enter

Close the door or you’ll let the flies in!

let [x] know

tell someone something

Let me know as soon as Leslie texts back.

look after

take care of someone or something

Thank you for looking after me when I was sick.

look up to [x]

admire or idolize someone

I looked up to this YouTuber until I read about their scandal.

mix up

confuse something with something else

It’s easy to mix up Chris Pine and Chris Pratt.

pull [x] up

retrieve or bring something nearer

Eugene pulled the document up on his computer. / Eugene pulled up the document on his computer.

put [x] on

wear or add something to your person or an object

I always put my backpack on before leaving the house. / I always put on my backpack before leaving the house.

put up with

tolerate or condone

Somehow Paz could put up with Janice’s cynical attitude.

run out of

use all of or drain the supply of something

Isabella ran out of toilet paper at the worst possible time.

see to

make sure something is done

I’ll see to watering the plants while you’re gone.

set [x] up

arrange or organize

Since no one invited me to join their study group, I set one up myself.

show off

deliberately display abilities or accomplishments in order to impress people

Panya didn’t need to shoot so many three-pointers; she was just showing off.

shut [x] off

turn off, especially a machine

Don’t forget to shut the water off after your shower. / Don’t forget to shut off the water after your shower.

take after

resemble, especially with parents and their children

Li takes after his father when it comes to politics.

take [x] out

move something outside

Please take the garbage out before dinner. / Please take out the garbage before dinner.

think [x] over

consider something

When his parents suggested selling his Pokemon cards, Yosef thought it over.

throw [x] away

dispose of something

Could you throw that old burrito away? / Could you throw away that old burrito?

turn [x] down

reject or say “no”

My crush turned me down after I asked them out.

top off

fill something to the top; to complete something in a special or spectacular way

May I top off your beverage?

wait on

serve, especially at a restaurant

Billie eagerly waited on the new table of customers, hoping for a big tip.