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directions of time determine the positive and negative of mass, and the direction of electromagnetic field determines the direction of spin. At the same time, the integrity or quantum of these three characteristics of a charged particle is determined by the time wave of the corresponding representation. Therefore, when the electromagnetic potential is understood as space-time, the symmetry of charge becomes the reflection symmetry of four-dimensional space-time, and the symmetry of positive and negative mass becomes the symmetry of positive and negative time or the symmetry of time inversion. This expression is equivalent to the definition of quantum field theory, because conjugation in quantum field theory means that the imaginary part of the wave function changes the sign, which is actually changing the polarity of the time wave. It should be emphasized that a single photon, electron and other electromagnetic substances cannot be seen as a point particle, that is, a single charged substance is not a phenomenon that only occurs on a single space-time element. The most obvious is a static charge whose electrostatic field is distributed in a large space. At this time, we should understand this as: a cluster of space-time elements are time polarized. Due to the relativity of space-time, for the motion observer, a moving charge is a rotating space-time wave formed by the time and space polarization of a large number of space-time elements. At this time, a charge is represented as a wave propagating on a cluster of space-time elements, and its integrity or quantum is dominated by the local time wave. The above discussion is about the electromagnetic material composed of vortices in the synthetic plane of time and space. Now let's consider a material structure derived from the conjugate condensation of pure space vortices, which may help us to have a pictorial understanding of neutrinos.Suppose that two pure space vortices with opposite spatial rotation direction and opposite propagation direction, such as A ×?± , occur conjugate condensation on a space-time element. Like all conjugate condensation, because collapse requires space-time conservation, their pure space is transformed into time. The time polarity after collapse determines that they are matter particles or antimatter particles. Relative to the static observer of the particle, it is a time state with rest mass. However, for a relatively moving observer, considering that the vortex is a periodic phenomenon and Doppler effect, the two pure space waves of their conjugate condensation do not just offset each other. The intensity of the vortex towards the observer is greater than the intensity of the vortex away from the observer, so the particle is no longer a time state but a space vortex in a certain direction, Assuming that the relative motion direction of a particle is left-handed, that is, the left thumb points to the motion direction, and the spatial vortex direction is the direction of the other four fingers, this left-handed feature will remain unchanged due to the relative motion effect; Correspondingly, if the time in the collapse direction is negative, that is, it collapses into antimatter, which is equivalent to the space-time wave conjugation of the former, and the time inversion is equivalent to the spatially reversed wave, that is, the left rotation becomes right rotation and becomes an antiparticle. The pure empty vortex has no charge characteristics, and if the vortex
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