在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中,我們會(huì)經(jīng)常編寫一些 Shell 命令或腳本幫我們的工作,本文分享了最近用到的幾例shell實(shí)用腳本,感興趣的朋友跟隨小編一起看看吧。很多人認(rèn)為 Shell 腳本簡(jiǎn)單,但其實(shí) Shell 小腳本卻有大智慧。別小看幾十行代碼,它夾雜著系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、代碼規(guī)范和操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)等等細(xì)節(jié),在建設(shè)自動(dòng)化運(yùn)維的工作中,還是很值得我們研究學(xué)習(xí)的。開(kāi)頭加解釋器:#!/bin/bash 語(yǔ)法縮進(jìn),使用四個(gè)空格;多加注釋說(shuō)明。 命名建議規(guī)則:變量名大寫、局部變量小寫,函數(shù)名小寫,名字體現(xiàn)出實(shí)際作用。 默認(rèn)變量是全局的,在函數(shù)中變量local指定為局部變量,避免污染其他作用域。 有兩個(gè)命令能幫助我調(diào)試腳本:set -e 遇到執(zhí)行非0時(shí)退出腳本,set-x 打印執(zhí)行過(guò)程。 寫腳本一定先測(cè)試再到生產(chǎn)上。
#!/bin/bash#一月前historyTime=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H" -d '1 month ago')echo ${historyTime}historyTimeStamp=$(date -d "$historyTime" +%s)echo ${historyTimeStamp} #一周前$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H" -d '7 day ago') #本月一月一日date_this_month=`date +%Y%m01` #一天前date_today=`date -d '1 day ago' +%Y%m%d` #一小時(shí)前$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H" -d '-1 hours') 2、DOS攻擊防范(自動(dòng)屏蔽攻擊IP)#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)#nginx日志LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo2.access.log#分析ip的訪問(wèn)情況ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log fidone 3、批量創(chuàng)建多少個(gè)用戶并設(shè)置密碼
#!/bin/bashUSER_LIST=$@USER_FILE=./user.infofor USER in $USER_LIST;do if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8) useradd $USER echo $PASS | passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null echo "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE echo "$USER User create successful." else echo "$USER User already exists!" fidone 4、快速在Ubuntu 20.04上架設(shè)LAMP服務(wù)器及WordPress博客詳情見(jiàn):https://www./ubuntu-20-04-lamp-wordpress.html#/bin/sh
install_dir="/var/www/html" #Creating Random WP Database Credenitals db_name="wp`date +%s`" db_user=$db_name db_password=`date |md5sum |cut -c '1-12'` sleep 1 mysqlrootpass=`date |md5sum |cut -c '1-12'` sleep 1
#### Install Packages for https and mysql apt -y install apache2 apt -y install mysql-server
#### Start http rm /var/www/html/index.html systemctl enable apache2 systemctl start apache2
#### Start mysql and set root password
systemctl enable mysql systemctl start mysql
/usr/bin/mysql -e "USE mysql;" /usr/bin/mysql -e "UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD($mysqlrootpass) WHERE user='root';" /usr/bin/mysql -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;" touch /root/.my.cnf chmod 640 /root/.my.cnf echo "[client]">>/root/.my.cnf echo "user=root">>/root/.my.cnf echo "password="$mysqlrootpass>>/root/.my.cnf ####Install PHP apt -y install php apt -y php-mysql apt -y php-gd
sed -i '0,/AllowOverride\ None/! {0,/AllowOverride\ None/ s/AllowOverride\ None/AllowOverride\ All/}' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf #Allow htaccess usage
systemctl restart apache2
####Download and extract latest WordPress Package if test -f /tmp/latest.tar.gz then echo "WP is already downloaded." else echo "Downloading WordPress" cd /tmp/ && wget "http:///latest.tar.gz"; fi
/bin/tar -C $install_dir -zxf /tmp/latest.tar.gz --strip-components=1 chown www-data: $install_dir -R
#### Create WP-config and set DB credentials /bin/mv $install_dir/wp-config-sample.php $install_dir/wp-config.php
/bin/sed -i "s/database_name_here/$db_name/g" $install_dir/wp-config.php /bin/sed -i "s/username_here/$db_user/g" $install_dir/wp-config.php /bin/sed -i "s/password_here/$db_password/g" $install_dir/wp-config.php
cat << EOF >> $install_dir/wp-config.php define('FS_METHOD', 'direct'); EOF
cat << EOF >> $install_dir/.htaccess # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index.php$ – [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress EOF
chown www-data: $install_dir -R
##### Set WP Salts grep -A50 'table_prefix' $install_dir/wp-config.php > /tmp/wp-tmp-config /bin/sed -i '/**#@/,/$p/d' $install_dir/wp-config.php /usr/bin/lynx --dump -width 200 https://api./secret-key/1.1/salt/ >> $install_dir/wp-config.php /bin/cat /tmp/wp-tmp-config >> $install_dir/wp-config.php && rm /tmp/wp-tmp-config -f /usr/bin/mysql -u root -e "CREATE DATABASE $db_name" /usr/bin/mysql -u root -e "CREATE USER '$db_name'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '$db_password';" /usr/bin/mysql -u root -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON $db_name.* TO '$db_user'@'localhost';" ######Display generated passwords to log file. echo "Database Name: " $db_name echo "Database User: " $db_user echo "Database Password: " $db_password echo "Mysql root password: " $mysqlrootpass 5、每天自動(dòng)備份 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)#!/bin/sh
# Database info DB_USER="batsing" DB_PASS="batsingpw" DB_HOST="localhost" DB_NAME="timepusher"
# 一些變量 BIN_DIR="/usr/bin" #mysql bin路徑 BCK_DIR="/mnt/mysqlBackup" #備份文件目錄 DATE=`date +%F`
# TODO # /usr/bin/mysqldump --opt -ubatsing -pbatsingpw -hlocalhost timepusher > /mnt/mysqlBackup/db_`date +%F`.sql $BIN_DIR/mysqldump --opt -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASS -h$DB_HOST $DB_NAME > $BCK_DIR/db_$DATE.sql
#還原數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) #用mysql-front導(dǎo)入前一天的 *.sql 文件即可恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù) 6、MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份單循環(huán)
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S) HOST=localhost USER=backup PASS=123.com BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")
for DB in $DB_LIST; do BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -B $DB > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then echo "$BACKUP_NAME 備份失敗!" fi done 7、MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份多循環(huán)#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S) HOST=localhost USER=backup PASS=123.com BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")
for DB in $DB_LIST; do BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE} [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null) for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then echo "$BACKUP_NAME 備份失敗!" fi done done
#!/bin/bash#安裝目錄下日志文件base_log_path='/usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/access.log'base_error_path='/usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/error.log' #需要保存的目錄位置log_path='/data_lytdev_dir/nginx/logs/' #獲取月份log_month=$(date -d yesterday +"%Y%m") #獲取前一天日期 (第二天凌晨備份,即保存的日志就是當(dāng)天時(shí)間的日志)log_day=$(date -d yesterday +"%d") #在指定位置創(chuàng)建文件夾mkdir -p $log_path/$log_month #將安裝目錄下的日志文件,移動(dòng)到指定存儲(chǔ)位置mv $base_log_path $log_path/$log_month/access_$log_day.logmv $base_error_path $log_path/$log_month/error_$log_day.log #再使用信號(hào)控制切割日志#USR1 表示nginx信號(hào)控制,切割日志kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/nginx.pid` #每天凌晨1點(diǎn)切割日志* 1 * * * /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/log_rotate.sh 9、生成10個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù)保存于數(shù)組中并找出其最大值和最小值#!/bin/bashdeclare -i min maxdeclare -a numsfor ((i=0;i<10;i++));do nums[$i]=$RANDOM [ $i -eq 0 ] && min=${nums[0]} && max=${nums[0]}&& continue [ ${nums[$i]} -gt $max ] && max=${nums[$i]} [ ${nums[$i]} -lt $min ] && min=${nums[$i]}doneecho "All numbers are ${nums[*]}"echo Max is $maxecho Min is $min 
#!/bin/bashNIC=$1echo -e " In ------ Out"while true; do OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev) OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev) sleep 1 NEW_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev) NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev) IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s") OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s") echo "$IN $OUT" sleep 1done  歡迎在下面的留言欄里與大家分享一些有用的 Shell 腳本。來(lái)自:Linux迷
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