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每周舉鐵1小時(shí),死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或可降低20%

 醫(yī)學(xué)abeycd 2022-04-13

Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

作者:Haruki Momma, Ryoko Kawakami, Takanori Honda, Susumu S Sawada

期刊:British Journal of Sports Medicine

發(fā)表時(shí)間:2022/02/28

數(shù)字識(shí)別碼:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105061

摘要:Objective To quantify the associations between muscle-strengthening activities and the risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in adults independent of aerobic activities. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Data sources MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to June 2021 and the reference lists of all related articles were reviewed. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Prospective cohort studies that examined the association between muscle-strengthening activities and health outcomes in adults aged ≥18 years without severe health conditions. Results Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Muscle-strengthening activities were associated with a 10–17% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), total cancer, diabetes and lung cancer. No association was found between muscle-strengthening activities and the risk of some site-specific cancers (colon, kidney, bladder and pancreatic cancers). J-shaped associations with the maximum risk reduction (approximately 10–20%) at approximately 30–60 min/week of muscle-strengthening activities were found for all-cause mortality, CVD and total cancer, whereas an L-shaped association showing a large risk reduction at up to 60 min/week of muscle-strengthening activities was observed for diabetes. Combined muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities (versus none) were associated with a lower risk of all-cause, CVD and total cancer mortality. Conclusion Muscle-strengthening activities were inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and major non-communicable diseases including CVD, total cancer, diabetes and lung cancer; however, the influence of a higher volume of muscle-strengthening activities on all-cause mortality, CVD and total cancer is unclear when considering the observed J-shaped associations. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020219808.

一項(xiàng)對現(xiàn)有證據(jù)進(jìn)行匯總的數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),每周 30~60 分鐘的肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)與 10% ~ 20% 的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低有關(guān),這其中包括全因死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及因心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌癥的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。論文已發(fā)表在《英國運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》(British Journal of Sports Medicine)上。

體育活動(dòng)指南建議成年人定期進(jìn)行肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng),主要是因?yàn)檫@對骨骼肌健康有好處。例如舉重、阻力帶鍛煉、俯臥撐仰臥起坐和深蹲,以及耗體力的園藝工作,比如挖土和鏟土。這些與有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是不同的兩個(gè)類別。

上述發(fā)現(xiàn)與有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)無關(guān)。但分析指出,分析結(jié)果大多呈 J 型曲線。也就是說,每周肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)超過一小時(shí)后,患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不會(huì)進(jìn)一步降低。

此前的研究表明,肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)與死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低有關(guān),但我們還不知道最佳“劑量”是多少。

為了找到答案,研究人員在研究數(shù)據(jù)庫中搜索了此前具有前瞻意義的觀察性研究,它們涵蓋了那些無重大健康問題、且至少被監(jiān)測了2年的成年被試。最終的分析從 29 項(xiàng)研究中篩選出了 16 項(xiàng),最早的研究發(fā)表于 2012 年,大多數(shù)在美國進(jìn)行,其余的研究來自英格蘭、蘇格蘭、澳大利亞和日本。最長監(jiān)測期達(dá) 25 年。

參與研究的被試人數(shù)從近 4000 人到 48 萬人不等,年齡從 18 歲到 97 歲不等。12 項(xiàng)研究既包括男性也包括女性,還有 2 項(xiàng)僅包括男性,3 項(xiàng)僅包括女性。所有的研究都考慮了有氧或其他類型的體育活動(dòng),以及肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)。

薈萃分析結(jié)果顯示,加強(qiáng)肌肉鍛煉可以降低 10%~17% 任何因素帶來的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及心臟病、中風(fēng)、癌癥、糖尿病和肺癌的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。不過,研究沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)和特定類型癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低之間的聯(lián)系,例如患腸癌、腎癌、膀胱癌或胰腺癌等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

分析結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)為一條 J 型曲線,說明每周大約花 30~60 分鐘進(jìn)行肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng),可使任意原因或心血管疾病及所有癌癥導(dǎo)致的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最多降低10%~20%。在糖尿病患者中觀測得的結(jié)果呈現(xiàn) L 型,即在每周 60 分鐘的肌肉強(qiáng)化活動(dòng)后,死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大降低,之后這一效果逐漸放緩。

肌肉強(qiáng)化和有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)的聯(lián)合分析表明,兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合在一起,能使全因死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和心血管疾病以及癌癥死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降更多:分別降低 40%、46% 和 28%。

研究人員承認(rèn),他們的結(jié)論存在一定的局限性。其中之一是,針對每一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果只有少數(shù)研究數(shù)據(jù)匯總。同時(shí),被納入的研究也多依靠對肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)的主觀評(píng)估。

研究人員提示,由于大多數(shù)研究是在美國進(jìn)行的,結(jié)果可能不會(huì)有更廣泛的適用性。同時(shí),納入的研究都是觀察性的,而非臨床試驗(yàn)。

此外,鑒于“J”形的關(guān)聯(lián),更多的肌肉強(qiáng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)對降低死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的潛力尚未明確。

但他們總結(jié)道:“增肌訓(xùn)練和有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)合或?qū)p少全因、(心血管疾病)和總體癌癥的死亡率有更大益處?!?/p>

“由于現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)有限,今后需要進(jìn)一步探索,如進(jìn)行針對更多樣化人口的研究,以增加證據(jù)的確定性。”

原文鏈接:

https:///news/2022-02-mins-weekly-muscle-linked.html

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