溫故而知新,本文主要以一些簡(jiǎn)單的小例子,簡(jiǎn)述Redis相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)類型和對(duì)應(yīng)的操作命令,僅供學(xué)習(xí)分享使用,如有不足之處,還請(qǐng)指正。 Redis數(shù)據(jù)類型Redis支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型,主要有以下五種:
Redis常用命令keys命令,用于查詢并顯示滿足條件的Key,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> Keys * 2 1) "K2" 3 2) "K3" 4 3) "k1" 5 4) "K4" 6 5) "K5" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> Keys *2 8 1) "K2" 9 127.0.0.1:6379> Keys K* 10 1) "K2" 11 2) "K3" 12 3) "K4" 13 4) "K5" randomkey 用于隨機(jī)的顯示一個(gè)Key,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY 2 "K3" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY 4 "K2" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY 6 "K2" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY 8 "K3" 9 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY 10 "K5" type命令,用于顯示值的數(shù)據(jù)類型,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> type K5 2 string 3 127.0.0.1:6379> type K2 4 string del刪除命令,用于刪除某一個(gè)鍵,返回刪除的鍵的個(gè)數(shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> DEL K3 2 (integer) 1 exists命令,用于判斷是否存在,0表示不存在,大于0表示存在的個(gè)數(shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS K4 K5 2 (integer) 2 3 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS K3 4 (integer) 0 ttl命令 用于查詢鍵當(dāng)前的是否有效,-1表示永久有效,-2表示失效 ,大于0表示多少秒后失效,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL K3 2 (integer) -2 3 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL K4 4 (integer) -1 5 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL K2 6 (integer) -1 expire用于設(shè)置鍵的有效時(shí)間,即多少秒后失效,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE K4 10 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL K4 4 (integer) 2 5 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL K4 6 (integer) -2 persist命令,用于取消設(shè)置的有效時(shí)間,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE K5 10 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> PERSIST K5 4 (integer) 1 5 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL K5 6 (integer) -1 flushall命令,用于清除所有的內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL
2 OK
3 127.0.0.1:6379> kEYS *
4 (empty array)
String類型相關(guān)命令set,get命令,用于設(shè)置或讀取string類型的值,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SET AGE 10 2 OK 3 127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS * 4 1) "K2" 5 2) "AGE" 6 3) "K5" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> GET AGE 8 "10" getset命令,讀取舊值,并設(shè)置新值,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET AGE 15 2 "10" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> GET AGE 4 "15" getrange命令,用于獲取指定范圍內(nèi)長(zhǎng)度的值,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE K2 0 2 2 "V2" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE K2 0 0 4 "V" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE K2 0 -1 6 "V2" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE K2 0 -2 8 "V" 9 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE K2 0 -3 10 "V" mset,mget命令,用于批量設(shè)置,獲取鍵值,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET NAME HEX AGE 20 SET MALE 2 OK 3 127.0.0.1:6379> kEYS * 4 1) "AGE" 5 2) "NAME" 6 3) "SET" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET NAME AGE SET 8 1) "HEX" 9 2) "20" 10 3) "MALE" 11 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET NAME AGE 12 1) "HEX" 13 2) "20" setnx命令,不存在則設(shè)置,存在則不設(shè)置,返回影響的個(gè)數(shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX NAME LL 2 (integer) 0 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX SEX FEMALE 4 (integer) 1 5 127.0.0.1:6379> kEYS * 6 1) "SEX" 7 2) "AGE" 8 3) "NAME" 9 4) "SET" setrange命令用于替換字符串,第2個(gè)參數(shù)為偏移量,從0開始,第3個(gè)參數(shù)為要替換的新內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE NAME 2 AAAAAAAA 2 (integer) 10 3 127.0.0.1:6379> GET NAME 4 "HEAAAAAAAA" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE AGE 3 BBBBB 6 (integer) 8 7 127.0.0.1:6379> GET AGE 8 "20\x00BBBBB" incr ,decr命令,主要用于對(duì)數(shù)值類value的遞增,遞減操作,如果不可以轉(zhuǎn)換為整數(shù)類型,則報(bào)錯(cuò),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SET SCORE 20 2 OK 3 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR SCORE 4 (integer) 21 5 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR SCORE 6 (integer) 22 7 127.0.0.1:6379> GET SCORE 8 "22" 9 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR SCORE 10 (integer) 21 11 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR SCORE 12 (integer) 20 13 127.0.0.1:6379> GET SCORE 14 "20" 15 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR NAME 16 (error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range incrby ,decrby命令,按指定的步長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行增加,減少操作。其中第2個(gè)參數(shù)為step(步長(zhǎng))如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY SCORE 5 2 (integer) 25 3 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY SCORE 5 4 (integer) 30 5 127.0.0.1:6379> GET SCORE 6 "30" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY SCORE 3 8 (integer) 27 9 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY SCORE 3 10 (integer) 24 incrbyfloat命令,按浮點(diǎn)數(shù)進(jìn)行遞增操作,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBYFLOAT SCORE 0.2 2 "24.2" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBYFLOAT SCORE 0.2 4 "24.4" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> GET SCORE 6 "24.4" append命令,用于追加內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND NAME ALANHSIANG 2 (integer) 20 3 127.0.0.1:6379> GET NAME 4 "HEAAAAAAAAALANHSIANG" strlen命令,用于獲取value值的長(zhǎng)度,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN NAME 2 (integer) 20 object encoding命令,用于獲取對(duì)象編碼類型,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> OBJECT ENCODING NAME 2 "raw" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> OBJECT ENCODING AGE 4 "raw" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> OBJECT ENCODING SCORE 6 "embstr" List類型相關(guān)命令lpush,lrange命令,先進(jìn)后出命令,即從頭部開始插入。lrange命令,用于顯示指定位置的內(nèi)容。如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush fruit apple banana pear orange 2 (integer) 4 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange fruit 0 -1 4 1) "orange" 5 2) "pear" 6 3) "banana" 7 4) "apple" rpush命令,先進(jìn)先出命令,即從尾部插入,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush ruit apple banana pear orange 2 (integer) 4 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange ruit 0 -1 4 1) "apple" 5 2) "banana" 6 3) "pear" 7 4) "orange" lpop,rpop命令,用于彈出列表的元素,彈出后則列表元素消失。如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpop ruit 2 "apple" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop ruit 4 "orange" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange ruit 0 -1 6 1) "banana" 7 2) "pear" 8 127.0.0.1:6379> llen ruit 9 (integer) 2 llen命令,用于獲取列表的長(zhǎng)度,即元素個(gè)數(shù)。 1 127.0.0.1:6379> llen ruit 2 (integer) 2 3 127.0.0.1:6379> llen fruit 4 (integer) 4 list元素允許重復(fù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush mylist l1 l2 l3 l1 l4 l5 l1 l6 l7 l8 l1 2 (integer) 11 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1 4 1) "l1" 5 2) "l8" 6 3) "l7" 7 4) "l6" 8 5) "l1" 9 6) "l5" 10 7) "l4" 11 8) "l1" 12 9) "l3" 13 10) "l2" 14 11) "l1" lrem命令,刪除列表中的元素,第2個(gè)參數(shù)表示個(gè)數(shù),等于0表示刪除所有符合條件的,第3個(gè)參數(shù)表示要?jiǎng)h除的內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem mylist 0 l1 2 (integer) 4 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1 4 1) "l8" 5 2) "l7" 6 3) "l6" 7 4) "l5" 8 5) "l4" 9 6) "l3" 10 7) "l2" lrem命令,第2個(gè)參數(shù)大于0表示從頭到尾開始刪除,刪除指定個(gè)數(shù)的元素,小于0表示從尾到頭開始刪除,絕對(duì)值為要?jiǎng)h除的個(gè)數(shù)。如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush mylist2 l1 l2 l3 l1 l4 l5 l1 l6 l7 l8 l1 2 (integer) 11 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem mylist2 -1 l1 4 (integer) 1 5 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1 6 1) "l1" 7 2) "l8" 8 3) "l7" 9 4) "l6" 10 5) "l1" 11 6) "l5" 12 7) "l4" 13 8) "l1" 14 9) "l3" 15 10) "l2" 16 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem mylist2 -1 l1 17 (integer) 1 18 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1 19 1) "l1" 20 2) "l8" 21 3) "l7" 22 4) "l6" 23 5) "l1" 24 6) "l5" 25 7) "l4" 26 8) "l3" 27 9) "l2" lindex命令,獲取列表中指定索引的值,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex mylist2 2 2 "l7" lset 設(shè)置列表指定位置的值,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lset mylist2 2 l7777 2 OK 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1 4 1) "l1" 5 2) "l8" 6 3) "l7777" 7 4) "l6" 8 5) "l1" 9 6) "l5" 10 7) "l4" 11 8) "l3" 12 9) "l2" ltrim命令,對(duì)列表進(jìn)行裁剪,保留指定區(qū)域的內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim mylist2 0 4 2 OK 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1 4 1) "l1" 5 2) "l8" 6 3) "l7777" 7 4) "l6" 8 5) "l1" linsert 指定位置插入值,第2個(gè)參數(shù),分別表示before(元素前),after(元素后),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert mylist2 before l6 l99 2 (integer) 6 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1 4 1) "l1" 5 2) "l8" 6 3) "l7777" 7 4) "l99" 8 5) "l6" 9 6) "l1" 10 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert mylist2 after l6 l100 11 (integer) 7 12 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1 13 1) "l1" 14 2) "l8" 15 3) "l7777" 16 4) "l99" 17 5) "l6" 18 6) "l100" 19 7) "l1" rpoplpush命令,彈出一個(gè)元素到另外一個(gè)列表中,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 l1 l2 l3 2 (integer) 3 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list3 14 l5 l6 4 (integer) 3 5 127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush list1 list3 6 "l1" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1 8 1) "l3" 9 2) "l2" 10 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list3 0 -1 11 1) "l1" 12 2) "l6" 13 3) "l5" 14 4) "14" Hash類型相關(guān)命令
hset,hget命令,主要用于設(shè)置,獲取hash數(shù)據(jù)類型的內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hset user1 id 1 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> hset user1 name Alan 4 (integer) 1 5 127.0.0.1:6379> hset user1 age 20 6 (integer) 1 7 127.0.0.1:6379> hget user1 id 8 "1" 9 127.0.0.1:6379> hget user1 name 10 "Alan" 11 127.0.0.1:6379> hget user1 age 12 "20" 13 127.0.0.1:6379> hget user1 14 (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hget' command hmset命令,可以一次設(shè)置多個(gè)內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hmset user1 id 2 name hsiang age 25 2 OK 3 127.0.0.1:6379> hget user1 id 4 "2" hgetall命令,用于獲取鍵對(duì)應(yīng)的所有內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL user1 2 1) "id" 3 2) "2" 4 3) "name" 5 4) "hsiang" 6 5) "age" 7 6) "25" hexists命令,用于判斷鍵里面的屬性內(nèi)容是否存在,大于0表示存在,等于0表示不存在,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS user1 addr 2 (integer) 0 3 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS user1 id 4 (integer) 1 hsetnx命令,不存在則設(shè)置,存在則不設(shè)置,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX user1 addr beijing 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX user1 addr beijing 4 (integer) 0 5 127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user1 6 1) "id" 7 2) "2" 8 3) "name" 9 4) "hsiang" 10 5) "age" 11 6) "25" 12 7) "addr" 13 8) "beijing" hincrby命令,鍵對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容field的值遞增命令,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY user1 age 1 2 (integer) 26 3 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY user1 age 1 4 (integer) 27 5 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY user1 age 1 6 (integer) 28 hkeys,hvals命令,用于獲取鍵對(duì)應(yīng)的屬性或內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS user1 2 1) "id" 3 2) "name" 4 3) "age" 5 4) "addr" 6 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS user1 7 1) "2" 8 2) "hsiang" 9 3) "28" 10 4) "beijing" hlen,用于獲取key對(duì)應(yīng)的field的數(shù)量,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hlen user1 2 (integer) 4 Set(集合)類型相關(guān)的命令sadd命令,用于新增set數(shù)據(jù)集,set類型的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)進(jìn)行去重,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset s1 s2 s1 s2 s3 s3 2 (integer) 3 smembers命令,用于顯示某一個(gè)set中所有的內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset 2 1) "s2" 3 2) "s1" 4 3) "s3" srem命令,刪除指定列表中的指定元素,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset s1 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset 4 1) "s2" 5 2) "s3" sismember命令,用于判斷set中是否存在某一元素,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset s2 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset s1 4 (integer) 0 scard命令,用于獲取集合中成員的個(gè)數(shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD myset 2 (integer) 2 srandmember命令,用于隨機(jī)返回集合中的成員,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 2 "s2" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 4 "s2" 5 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 6 "s3" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 8 "s2" 9 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 10 "s3" 第2個(gè)參數(shù)如下沒有,則默認(rèn)隨機(jī)返回一個(gè)變量,如下第2個(gè)參數(shù)是負(fù)值,則會(huì)隨機(jī)返回負(fù)數(shù)絕對(duì)值的個(gè)數(shù)的成員,如果成員不足,則會(huì)產(chǎn)生重復(fù);如果第2個(gè)參數(shù)是正數(shù),則會(huì)隨機(jī)返回指定個(gè)數(shù)的成員,如果成員不足,則返回最大成員,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset -6 2 1) "s3" 3 2) "s3" 4 3) "s2" 5 4) "s2" 6 5) "s3" 7 6) "s2" 8 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 6 9 1) "s2" 10 2) "s3" sdiff命令,取兩個(gè)之間的差集,即在第一個(gè)里面,不在第二個(gè)里面,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 s1 s2 s3 s4 2 (integer) 4 3 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 s3 s4 s5 s6 4 (integer) 4 5 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 s5 s6 s7 s8 6 (integer) 4 7 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF myset1 myset2 8 1) "s2" 9 2) "s1" 10 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF myset1 myset2 myset3 11 1) "s2" 12 2) "s1" 13 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF myset2 myset1 14 1) "s6" 15 2) "s5" sunion命令,取兩個(gè)集合之間的并集,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION myset1 myset2 2 1) "s2" 3 2) "s4" 4 3) "s3" 5 4) "s5" 6 5) "s6" 7 6) "s1" sinter命令,取集合之間的交集,如無交集,則返回空數(shù)組,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER myset1 myset2 2 1) "s4" 3 2) "s3" 4 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER myset2 myset3 5 1) "s6" 6 2) "s5" 7 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER myset1 myset2 myset3 8 (empty array) zset(有序集合)類型相關(guān)命令zadd命令,用于向有序集合中增加元素,如果元素已存在,則不會(huì)新增元素,只會(huì)更新分?jǐn)?shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset4 1 z1 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset4 2 z2 4 (integer) 1 5 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset4 3 z3 6 (integer) 1 7 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset4 4 z4 8 (integer) 1 9 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset4 5 z4 10 (integer) 0 zscore命令,用于顯示分?jǐn)?shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE myset4 z4 2 "5" zincrby命令,用于增加分?jǐn)?shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY myset4 1 z4 2 "6" 3 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE myset4 z4 4 "6" zrange命令,用于返回集合中指定范圍的內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myset4 0 -1 withscores 2 1) "z1" 3 2) "1" 4 3) "z2" 5 4) "2" 6 5) "z3" 7 6) "3" 8 7) "z4" 9 8) "6" 10 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myset4 0 -1 11 1) "z1" 12 2) "z2" 13 3) "z3" 14 4) "z4" zrangebyscore命令,通過分?jǐn)?shù)查詢內(nèi)容,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE myset4 2 6 withscores 2 1) "z2" 3 2) "2" 4 3) "z3" 5 4) "3" 6 5) "z4" 7 6) "6" 8 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE myset4 2 6 9 1) "z2" 10 2) "z3" 11 3) "z4" zcard命令,用于獲取集合中元素個(gè)數(shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zcard myset4 2 (integer) 4 zcount命令,獲取分?jǐn)?shù)范圍內(nèi)的成員個(gè)數(shù),如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myset4 2 4 2 (integer) 2 3 127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myset4 1 6 4 (integer) 4 zrem命令,刪除集合中,指定的元素,如下所示: 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zrem myset4 z3 2 (integer) 1 3 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myset4 0 -1 4 1) "z1" 5 2) "z2" 6 3) "z4" 關(guān)于Redis學(xué)習(xí),本文主要是拋磚引玉,更多命令可以參考菜鳥教程。 備注子曰:溫故而知新,可以為師矣。 |
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