Archetype是Maven項目的模板工具包,它定義了Maven項目的基本架構(gòu)。Archetype為開發(fā)人員提供了數(shù)千種創(chuàng)建Maven項目的模板,Maven通過這些模板可以幫助用戶快速的生成項目的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)以及POM文件。 MavenArchetype由下面5個模塊組成: maven-archetype-plugin:Archetype插件。 archetype-packaging:用于描述Archetype的生命周期與構(gòu)建項目軟件包。 archetype-models:用于描述類與引用。 archetype-common:核心類。 archetype-testing:用于測試MavenArchetype的內(nèi)部組件。 maven-archetype-plugin我們知道Maven的所有功能都是通過插件實現(xiàn)的,Archetype也不例外,它是由一個名為maven-archetype-plugin的插件實現(xiàn)的,該插件提供了ArcheType的所有功能。 雖然ArcheType只是一個插件,但其應(yīng)用范圍十分的廣泛,幾乎所有的主流IDE(例如Eclipse、NetBeans和IntelliJIDEA)都在集成Maven時著重繼承了Archetype特性,以方便用戶快速的創(chuàng)建Maven項目。 執(zhí)行以下命令可以幫助用戶快速的創(chuàng)建Maven項目. mvn archetype:generate1復(fù)制代碼類型:[java] 為了滿足用戶的需求,Maven為用戶提供了大量不同類型的Archetype模板(到本教程編寫時共提供了2916個Archetype模板)。 在執(zhí)行以上命令時,Maven會輸出一個ArcheType列表,每個ArcheType前面都對應(yīng)一個編號,我們可以根據(jù)不同的需求選擇合適的Archetype。 說到底,Archetype只是一個模板,為了保持模板的通用性,它的很多重要的信息都是可配置的,在用戶選擇了Archetype后,還需要提供一些關(guān)于項目的基本參數(shù),主要包括以下參數(shù): groupId artifactId version package 在輸入以上參數(shù)后,Archetype插件就能夠為用戶生成項目的基本目錄結(jié)構(gòu)和POM文件了。 示例1 1.打開命令控制臺,跳轉(zhuǎn)到D:\maven目錄中,執(zhí)行以下Maven命令。 mvn archetype:generate1復(fù)制代碼類型:[python] Maven將開始處理,并要求選擇所需的項目模板。 [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1 [INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>> [INFO] [INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<< [INFO] [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom --- [INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode …… 2860: remote -> tk.skuro:clojure-maven-archetype (A simple Maven archetype for Clojure)2861: remote -> top.lshaci:framework-archetype (top lshaci framework maven archetype)2862: remote -> top.marchand.archetype:sie-xf-prio-dep-import-generic ([ELS] Modèle de projet d'import Flash basé sur l'importeur générique)2863: remote -> top.ssrsdev:eightroes-plugin-archetype (eightroes-webapp-archetype)2864: remote -> top.ssrsdev:eightroes-webapp-archetype (eightroes-webapp-archetype)2865: remote -> tr.com.lucidcode:kite-archetype (A Maven Archetype that allows users to create a Fresh Kite project)2866: remote -> tr.com.obss.sdlc.archetype:obss-archetype-java (This archetype provides a common skelton for the Java packages.)2867: remote -> tr.com.obss.sdlc.archetype:obss-archetype-webapp (This archetype provides a skelton for the Java Web Application packages.)2868: remote -> ua.co.gravy.archetype:single-project-with-junit-and-slf4j (Create a single project with jUnit, Mockito and slf4j dependencies.)2869: remote -> uk.ac.ebi.gxa:atlas-archetype (Archetype for generating a custom Atlas webapp)2870: remote -> uk.ac.gate:gate-plugin-archetype (Maven archetype to create a new GATE plugin project.)2871: remote -> uk.ac.gate:gate-pr-archetype (Maven archetype to create a new GATE plugin project including a sample PR class (an empty LanguageAnalyser).) 2872: remote -> uk.ac.nactem.argo:argo-analysis-engine-archetype (An archetype which contains a sample Argo (UIMA) Analysis Engine) 2873: remote -> uk.ac.nactem.argo:argo-reader-archetype (An archetype which contains a sample Argo (UIMA) Reader) 2874: remote -> uk.ac.rdg.resc:edal-ncwms-based-webapp (-)2875: remote -> uk.co.markg.archetypes:java11-junit5 (An archetype for generate java 11 projects with junit 5.)2876: remote -> uk.co.nemstix:basic-javaee7-archetype (A basic Java EE7 Maven archetype)2877: remote -> uk.co.solong:angular-spring-archetype (So Long archetype for RESTful spring services with an AngularJS frontend. Includes debian deployment)2878: remote -> us.fatehi:schemacrawler-archetype-maven-project (-)2879: remote -> us.fatehi:schemacrawler-archetype-plugin-command (-)2880: remote -> us.fatehi:schemacrawler-archetype-plugin-dbconnector (-)2881: remote -> us.fatehi:schemacrawler-archetype-plugin-lint (-)2882: remote -> ws.osiris:osiris-archetype (Maven Archetype for Osiris)2883: remote -> xyz.luan.generator:xyz-gae-generator (-)2884: remote -> xyz.luan.generator:xyz-generator (-)2885: remote -> za.co.absa.hyperdrive:component-archetype (-)Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 1744:1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041復(fù)制代碼類型:[java] 2.直接回車,選擇默認選項(1744:maven-archetype-quickstart)。 接下來,Maven選擇Archetype版本。 Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version:1: 1.0-alpha-12: 1.0-alpha-23: 1.0-alpha-34: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.06: 1.17: 1.38: 1.4Choose a number: 8:12345678910復(fù)制代碼類型:[java] 直接回車,選擇默認選項(8:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.4)。 Maven要求提供項目的詳細信息,根據(jù)要求輸入項目的詳細信息,若使用默認值,則直接回車即可。 Define value for property 'groupId': net.biancheng.www Define value for property 'artifactId': thirdMaven Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : Define value for property 'package' net.biancheng.www: :1234復(fù)制代碼類型:[java] Maven要求用戶確認信息,直接回車或輸入字母Y再按下回車鍵確認信息。若信息有誤,則需要先輸入除字母Y之外得其他字母按鈕,在回車即可重新輸入。 Confirm properties configuration: groupId: net.biancheng.www artifactId: thirdMaven version: 1.0-SNAPSHOTpackage: net.biancheng.www Y: :123456復(fù)制代碼類型:[java] 以上信息確認完成過后,Maven開始構(gòu)建項目結(jié)構(gòu),并顯示如下內(nèi)容。 [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.4[INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: net.biancheng.www [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: thirdMaven [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: net.biancheng.www [INFO] Parameter: packageInPathFormat, Value: net/biancheng/www [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: net.biancheng.www [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: net.biancheng.www [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: thirdMaven [INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: d:\maven\thirdMaven [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 02:39 min[INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-03T16:18:11+08:00[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------12345678910111213141516171819復(fù)制代碼類型:[python] 項目結(jié)構(gòu)進入D:\maven目錄,我們可以看到Maven已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了一個名為thirdMaven項目,其目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖。 Maven為項目生成了一個POM文件,如下所示。 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven./POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www./2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven./POM/4.0.0 http://maven./xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>net.biancheng.www</groupId> <artifactId>thirdMaven</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>thirdMaven</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven./ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven./ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven./ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869復(fù)制代碼類型:[java] Maven創(chuàng)建項目時,還自動生成了兩個示例類文件:App.java和AppTest.java。 App.java代碼如下。 package net.biancheng.www; /** * Hello world! */ public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } }123456789復(fù)制代碼類型:[python] AppTest.java代碼如下。 package net.biancheng.www;import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;import org.junit.Test; /** * Unit test for simple App. */ public class AppTest { /** * Rigorous Test :-) */ @Test public void shouldAnswerWithTrue() { assertTrue(true); } } |
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