一、引言面向接口(抽象)編程，是為了降低程序的耦合度，符合依賴倒置原則。因此典型的三層架構(gòu)UI、BLL、DAL基于接口設(shè)計(jì)后，會(huì)拓展成UI、IBLL、BLL、IDAL、DAL。在上一篇《C# IoC學(xué)習(xí)筆記》中我們可以了解到，控制反轉(zhuǎn)(IoC)使對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建交給了第三方IoC容器如Unity。利用Unity的IoC功能，可以對(duì)基于接口設(shè)計(jì)的三層架構(gòu)做進(jìn)一步的升級(jí)，搭建一個(gè)更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的可配置可擴(kuò)展的三層架構(gòu)；利用Unity的AOP功能，使框架更加的簡(jiǎn)潔，因?yàn)樗槌隽丝蚣艿墓策壿嫴糠帧?/p> 二、項(xiàng)目建立2.1、項(xiàng)目建立 依次新建項(xiàng)目UI(Client)、IBLL、BLL、IDAL、DAL、Model、Common。
2.2項(xiàng)目說(shuō)明
三、項(xiàng)目之間的引用關(guān)系3.1、對(duì)著項(xiàng)目名稱右鍵->添加->引用->項(xiàng)目，添加各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的引用。 3.2、引用說(shuō)明
四、項(xiàng)目需安裝的NuGet包 五、注意事項(xiàng)對(duì)Unity容器的IoC調(diào)用進(jìn)行封裝，Container應(yīng)封裝成單例模式以提高效率，此處使用MemoryCache。 5.1、在Common項(xiàng)目引用System.Runtime.Caching.dll，并在Helper文件夾下新建一個(gè)緩存幫助類：MemoryCacheHelper.cs。 
/// <summary> /// 內(nèi)存緩存幫助類，支持絕對(duì)過(guò)期時(shí)間、滑動(dòng)過(guò)期時(shí)間、文件依賴三種緩存方式。 /// </summary> class MemoryCacheHelper { private static readonly object _locker1 = new object(), _locker2 = new object(); /// <summary> /// 取緩存項(xiàng)，如果不存在則返回空。 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T GetCacheItem<T>(string key) { try { return (T)MemoryCache.Default[key]; } catch { return default(T); } } /// <summary> /// 是否包含指定鍵的緩存項(xiàng) /// </summary> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static bool Contains(string key) { return MemoryCache.Default.Contains(key); } /// <summary> /// 取緩存項(xiàng)，如果不存在則新增緩存項(xiàng)。 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <param name="cachePopulate"></param> /// <param name="slidingExpiration"></param> /// <param name="absoluteExpiration"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T GetOrAddCacheItem<T>(string key, Func<T> cachePopulate, TimeSpan? slidingExpiration = null, DateTime? absoluteExpiration = null) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key)) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid cache key"); if (cachePopulate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cachePopulate"); if (slidingExpiration == null && absoluteExpiration == null) throw new ArgumentException("Either a sliding expiration or absolute must be provided"); if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null) { lock (_locker1) { if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null) { T cacheValue = cachePopulate(); if (!typeof(T).IsValueType && cacheValue == null) //如果是引用類型且為NULL則不存緩存 { return cacheValue; } var item = new CacheItem(key, cacheValue); var policy = CreatePolicy(slidingExpiration, absoluteExpiration); MemoryCache.Default.Add(item, policy); } } } return (T)MemoryCache.Default[key]; } /// <summary> /// 取緩存項(xiàng)，如果不存在則新增緩存項(xiàng)。 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <param name="cachePopulate"></param> /// <param name="dependencyFilePath"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T GetOrAddCacheItem<T>(string key, Func<T> cachePopulate, string dependencyFilePath) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key)) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid cache key"); if (cachePopulate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cachePopulate"); if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null) { lock (_locker2) { if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null) { T cacheValue = cachePopulate(); if (!typeof(T).IsValueType && cacheValue == null) //如果是引用類型且為NULL則不存緩存 { return cacheValue; } var item = new CacheItem(key, cacheValue); var policy = CreatePolicy(dependencyFilePath); MemoryCache.Default.Add(item, policy); } } } return (T)MemoryCache.Default[key]; } /// <summary> /// 指定緩存項(xiàng)的一組逐出和過(guò)期詳細(xì)信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="slidingExpiration"></param> /// <param name="absoluteExpiration"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static CacheItemPolicy CreatePolicy(TimeSpan? slidingExpiration, DateTime? absoluteExpiration) { var policy = new CacheItemPolicy(); if (absoluteExpiration.HasValue) { policy.AbsoluteExpiration = absoluteExpiration.Value; } else if (slidingExpiration.HasValue) { policy.SlidingExpiration = slidingExpiration.Value; } policy.Priority = CacheItemPriority.Default; return policy; } /// <summary> /// 指定緩存項(xiàng)的一組逐出和過(guò)期詳細(xì)信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="filePath"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static CacheItemPolicy CreatePolicy(string filePath) { CacheItemPolicy policy = new CacheItemPolicy(); policy.ChangeMonitors.Add(new HostFileChangeMonitor(new List<string>() { filePath })); policy.Priority = CacheItemPriority.Default; return policy; } /// <summary> /// 移除指定鍵的緩存項(xiàng) /// </summary> /// <param name="key"></param> public static void RemoveCacheItem(string key) { if (Contains(key)) { MemoryCache.Default.Remove(key); } } } 5.2、在Common項(xiàng)目Helper文件夾下面新建一個(gè)Unity幫助類：UnityHelper.cs，并實(shí)現(xiàn)Container的緩存。
/// <summary> /// Unity容器幫助類 /// </summary> public static class UnityHelper { /// <summary> /// Unity容器創(chuàng)建對(duì)象(不含別名) /// </summary> /// <param name="containerName">容器名稱</param> /// <returns></returns> public static T GetObject<T>(string containerName) { IUnityContainer container = MemoryCacheHelper.GetOrAddCacheItem(containerName, () => { IUnityContainer unityContainer = new UnityContainer(); ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap { ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"ConfigFiles\Unity.config") }; Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None); UnityConfigurationSection configSection = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName); configSection.Configure(unityContainer, containerName); return unityContainer; },TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),null); return container.Resolve<T>(); } /// <summary> /// Unity容器創(chuàng)建對(duì)象(含別名) /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="containerName">容器名稱</param> /// <param name="alisName">對(duì)象別名</param> /// <returns></returns> public static T GetObject<T>(string containerName, string alisName) { IUnityContainer container = MemoryCacheHelper.GetOrAddCacheItem(containerName, () => { IUnityContainer unityContainer = new UnityContainer(); ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap { ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"ConfigFiles\Unity.config") }; Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None); UnityConfigurationSection configSection = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName); configSection.Configure(unityContainer, containerName); return unityContainer; }, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30), null); return container.Resolve<T>(alisName); } }
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