Arrays工具類提供了一個(gè)方法asList, 使用該方法可以將一個(gè)變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)或者數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)換成List 。
其源代碼如下:
/**
* Returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array. (Changes to
* the returned list "write through" to the array.) This method acts
* as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs, in
* combination with {@link Collection#toArray}. The returned list is
* serializable and implements {@link RandomAccess}.
*
* <p>This method also provides a convenient way to create a fixed-size
* list initialized to contain several elements:
* <pre>
* List<String> stooges = Arrays.asList("Larry", "Moe", "Curly");
* </pre>
*
* @param a the array by which the list will be backed
* @return a list view of the specified array
*/
@SafeVarargs
public static <T> List<T> asList(T... a) {
return new ArrayList<>(a);
}
問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)
根據(jù)上述方法的描述,我們先來(lái)編寫幾個(gè)例子:
/**
* @author wangmengjun
*
*/
public class ArrayExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**使用變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)*/
List<String> array1 = Arrays.asList("Welcome", "to","Java", "world");
System.out.println(array1);
/**使用數(shù)組*/
List<String> array2 = Arrays.asList(new String[] {"Welcome", "to","Java", "world"});
System.out.println(array2);
}
}
運(yùn)行上述程序,輸出如下內(nèi)容。
[Welcome, to, Java, world]
[Welcome, to, Java, world]
心血來(lái)潮,突然想在創(chuàng)建的列表中添加一個(gè)字符串“Cool~~~”, 走一個(gè)。
/**使用變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)*/
List<String> array1 = Arrays.asList("Welcome", "to","Java", "world");
array1.add("Cool~~~");
結(jié)果,遇到一個(gè)UnsupportedOperationException異常:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
at java.util.AbstractList.add(Unknown Source)
at java.util.AbstractList.add(Unknown Source)
at test.ArrayExample.main(ArrayExample.java:36)
不可思議,new ArrayList<>(a)產(chǎn)生的列表調(diào)用add方法,竟然遇到問(wèn)題。
原因查找
那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了,到底發(fā)生了什么事情?帶著疑問(wèn),去查看一下Arrays.asList中使用的ArrayList到底長(zhǎng)啥樣?
原來(lái)Arrays的asList方法使用的ArrayList類是一個(gè)內(nèi)部定義的類,而不是java.util.ArrayList類。
其源代碼如下:
/**
* @serial include
*/
private static class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements RandomAccess, java.io.Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2764017481108945198L;
private final E[] a;
ArrayList(E[] array) {
if (array==null)
throw new NullPointerException();
a = array;
}
public int size() {
return a.length;
}
public Object[] toArray() {
return a.clone();
}
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
int size = size();
if (a.length < size)
return Arrays.copyOf(this.a, size,
(Class<? extends T[]>) a.getClass());
System.arraycopy(this.a, 0, a, 0, size);
if (a.length > size)
a[size] = null;
return a;
}
public E get(int index) {
return a[index];
}
public E set(int index, E element) {
E oldValue = a[index];
a[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o==null) {
for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
if (a[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
if (o.equals(a[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) != -1;
}
}
從這個(gè)內(nèi)部類ArrayList的實(shí)現(xiàn)可以看出,它繼承了抽象類java.util.AbstractList<E>, 但是沒有重寫add和remove方法,沒有給出具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
但是,默認(rèn)情況下,java.util.AbstractList類在add、set以及remove方法中,直接會(huì)拋出UnsupportedOperationException異常。AbstractList的部分源代碼如下:
public abstract class AbstractList<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements List<E> {
/**
* Sole constructor. (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically
* implicit.)
*/
protected AbstractList() {
}
public E set(int index, E element) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p>This implementation always throws an
* {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void add(int index, E element) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p>This implementation always throws an
* {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E remove(int index) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
正是因?yàn)?strong>java.util.Arrays類的內(nèi)部類ArrayList沒有重寫add和remove方法,所以,當(dāng)我們調(diào)用其add方法時(shí),其實(shí)就是調(diào)用了AbstractList類的add方法,結(jié)果就是直接拋出UnsupportedOperationException異常。
同理,在調(diào)用remove方法,或者調(diào)用與add、remove方法相關(guān)聯(lián)的其它方法(如addAll)同樣會(huì)遇到UnsupportedOperationException異常。
addAll的例子:
/**
* @author wangmengjun
*
*/
public class ArrayExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**使用變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)*/
List<String> array1 = Arrays.asList("Welcome", "to", "Java", "world");
array1.addAll(Arrays.asList("AAA", "BBB"));
}
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
at java.util.AbstractList.add(Unknown Source)
at java.util.AbstractList.add(Unknown Source)
at java.util.AbstractCollection.addAll(Unknown Source)
at test.ArrayExample.main(ArrayExample.java:36)
set的例子:
/**
* @author wangmengjun
*
*/
public class ArrayExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**使用變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)*/
List<String> array1 = Arrays.asList("Welcome", "to", "Java", "world");
System.out.println(array1);
//將Java替換成hello
array1.set(2, "hello");
System.out.println(array1);
}
}
正是由于Arrays的內(nèi)部類ArrayList重寫了set方法,所以上述程序能夠正常運(yùn)行,不會(huì)再拋出UnsupportedOperationException異常。
結(jié)果如下:
[Welcome, to, Java, world]
[Welcome, to, hello, world]
使用場(chǎng)景
從上述的例子和簡(jiǎn)單分析來(lái)看,Arrays工具類提供了一個(gè)方法asList, 使用該方法可以將一個(gè)變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)或者數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)換成List 。
但是,生成的List的長(zhǎng)度是固定的;能夠進(jìn)行修改操作(比如,修改某個(gè)位置的元素);不能執(zhí)行影響長(zhǎng)度的操作(如add、remove等操作)。會(huì)拋出UnsupportedOperationException異常。
Arrays.asList比較適合那些已經(jīng)有數(shù)組數(shù)據(jù)或者一些元素,而需要快速構(gòu)建一個(gè)List,只用于讀取操作,而不進(jìn)行添加或刪除操作的場(chǎng)景。
如果,想要根據(jù)已知數(shù)組數(shù)據(jù),快速獲取一個(gè)可進(jìn)行增刪改查的列表List,一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的方法如下:
重新使用java.util.ArrayList包裝一層。
/**
* @author wangmengjun
*
*/
public class ArrayExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**使用變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)*/
List<String> array1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Welcome", "to", "Java", "world"));
System.out.println(array1);
array1.add("Cool~~~");
System.out.println(array1);
}
}
結(jié)果如下:
[Welcome, to, Java, world]
[Welcome, to, Java, world, Cool~~~]
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