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摘 要 調(diào)解制度，是中國的一項很有民族文化傳統(tǒng)和特色的法律制度，它受“無訟是求”、“以和為貴”的傳統(tǒng)法律價值觀影響，強調(diào)和追求和諧，體現(xiàn)的是國家本位。由于其迎合了統(tǒng)治者的政治需求，符合中國大眾對“中庸”、“和諧”文化的價值認同以及對于“無訟”的向往，因而成為了中國傳統(tǒng)法律文化中的一項重要司法制度。 我國的人民調(diào)解制度是廣大人民群眾在反抗封建地主統(tǒng)治、翻身求得解放的土地革命時創(chuàng)立起來的。到了抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期，革命政權(quán)處于強敵包圍之中，如何有效化解社會紛爭、團結(jié)一致贏得戰(zhàn)爭成為了這一時期亟待解決的問題，從而使得人民調(diào)解制度在這一階段得到了進一步的發(fā)展。當(dāng)時的陜甘寧邊區(qū)、山東抗日民主根據(jù)地、晉察冀邊區(qū)、蘇中區(qū)等地鄉(xiāng)村都設(shè)有調(diào)解組織，各邊區(qū)政府也通過頒布命令、條例的形式鼓勵調(diào)解活動的開展，使人民調(diào)解工作進入了一個新的發(fā)展階段，不論調(diào)解的組織形式還是調(diào)解的內(nèi)容和程序都有了進一步的充實和完善。 由抗戰(zhàn)時期的調(diào)解實踐不難看出，強化人民調(diào)解在糾紛解決機制中的地位和作用，可以將糾紛消滅在萌芽狀態(tài)、化解在基層，這種高效低成本的糾紛解決方式，在維護糾紛雙方的和諧關(guān)系，實現(xiàn)個人效益和社會效益的最大化等方面起到較大作用，對于當(dāng)今社會主義和諧社會建設(shè)具有重大意義。在社會不斷發(fā)展的今天，人民調(diào)解制度為消除人們利益沖突、實現(xiàn)價值與機會的平衡需求以及新的糾紛解決機制的構(gòu)建提供了保障。當(dāng)前，隨著國際、國內(nèi)對和諧社會的認同，扎根于傳統(tǒng)調(diào)解之上的人民調(diào)解，已引起了法學(xué)理論界與司法實務(wù)界的共同關(guān)注。因此，為了能夠從深層次認識人民調(diào)解制度的社會價值，促進、指導(dǎo)和完善當(dāng)代的人民調(diào)解制度，從法律文化的視野中談?wù)摽谷諔?zhàn)爭時期的人民調(diào)解制度，對現(xiàn)階段我國既吸收傳統(tǒng)法律文化精髓又迎合時代發(fā)展需求的法律制度的探索與發(fā)展非常必要，對我國構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會也有著極其重要的理論意義與實踐價值。 本論文共分為三個部分： 第一部分：抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的一般理論分析。首先，從概念的界定入手，對調(diào)解制度的概念、制度生成的內(nèi)在機理以及調(diào)解制度的歷史發(fā)展進行初步探討，進而對抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度進行闡釋，對比分析了抗戰(zhàn)時期人民調(diào)解與以往調(diào)解制度以及同時期其他糾紛解決方式的差異，突出了抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的特性及重要性；其次，對抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的文化底蘊加以分析，從法律文化以及法社會學(xué)的角度挖掘抗戰(zhàn)時期人民調(diào)解得以產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、壯大的根源；最后，著眼于法學(xué)理論的角度，從公平、自由、效率三個方面闡述了抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的價值基礎(chǔ)，為后文的論述打下了堅實的理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分：抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解的制度構(gòu)建與運作。從抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的史料入手，對抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解的具體制度架構(gòu)進行分析，指出了當(dāng)時黨的群眾路線和各個根據(jù)地出臺的法規(guī)為人民調(diào)解制度的形成提供了現(xiàn)實依據(jù)，進而對制度的具體設(shè)計進行分析，分別從調(diào)解的組織形式、調(diào)解原則、調(diào)解范圍、調(diào)解模式、調(diào)解結(jié)果以及當(dāng)時人民調(diào)解的典型事例加以剖析，以求再現(xiàn)抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的全貌。 第三部分：抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的評價與啟示。首先，探討了抗戰(zhàn)時期人民調(diào)解制度的價值；這一時期的人民調(diào)解緊緊圍繞黨深入貫徹群眾路線的宗旨，堅持司法為民原則將糾紛化解在基層，為抗戰(zhàn)的進行節(jié)約了相當(dāng)一部分司法資源。其次，揭示了制度的缺陷，指出抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的法制化程度不夠高、內(nèi)容設(shè)計存在缺陷、價值取向不夠明確；再次，指出了制度的當(dāng)代啟示?？谷諔?zhàn)爭時期的人民調(diào)解制度為當(dāng)代社會的和諧發(fā)展提供了經(jīng)驗，為大調(diào)解機制的構(gòu)建提供了“本土資源”. 關(guān)鍵詞：抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期 人民調(diào)解制度 理論分析 制度運作 Abstract The mediation system is a special legal system of China with national cultural traditionand characteristics. It is influenced by the traditional legal values of “no suit” and “harmony”.It is the embodiment of national standard. Harmony is what it emphasizes and pursues. It hascatered to the political needs of the rules and it meets the yesrning of “no suit” and cultureidentity to “the golden mean” and “harmony” of the mass in China. That is why it became animportant judicial system in traditional legal culture of China. The people's mediation system in our country is founded when the broad masses of thepeople resist the feudal landlord rule and turn over to acquire liberation in agrarianrevolutionary. During the Anti Japanese War period when the revolutionary regime is in theenemy siege, how to resolve social disputes effectively in order to be united as one to win thewar has become an urgent problem to be solved in this period. Therefore the people'smediation system has further developed at this stage. At the time, Shaanxi-Gansu-NingxiaBorder Region, Shandong Anti Japanese Democratic base area, Shanxi Chahar Hebei borderarea, Su central area and other places are all equipped with the mediation organization in thevillages, the border region government also issued orders and regulations to encouragemediation activities, so that the people's mediation work has entered a new stage ofdevelopment. The forms, the contents and the applications of the mediation have been furtherenriched and perfected. From the mediation practice in Anti Japanese war, we can see the position and thefunction of strengthening the people's mediation in disputes resolving. Disputes can be nippedin the bud and dissolved in basic level, this kind of high efficiency and low cost way to settledisputes plays an important role in the maintenance to the harmonious relationship of bothsides of the dispute and in achieving maximized personal benefits and social benefits, it hasgreat significance for the construction of socialist harmonious society.Today, the society isdeveloping continuously. People's mediation system provides a guarantee for eliminatingpeople's interest conflices, for achieving the balance of demand value and opportunity and forthe construction of new dispute settlement mechanism. At present, along with theinternational, domestic identity to harmonious society, the people's mediation which is rootedin traditional mediation has aroused the common concern of theoretical circles and practicalcircles. Therefore, in order to be able to understand the deep social value of people'smediation system, and to promote, guide and improve the people's mediation system in thecontemporary, talking about people's mediation system in Anti Japanese War from the legalculture field of vision, is very necessary at this stage for the exploration and development ofthe legal system in our country, which absorbs the essence of traditional legal culture andmeets the needs of the development of the times, and it also has the extremly important theorysignificance and practical value for the construction of a socialist harmonious society in ourcountry. This paper is divided into three parts: Part one: the general theoretical analysis of people's mediation system in the period ofAnti Japanese war. First of all, starting from the definition of the concept, the developmenthistory of mediation system concept, system generated and the inner mechanism of themediation system is discussed, and then elaborates on the people's mediation system duringthe period of Anti Japanese War, comparative analysis of the Anti Japanese war in the pastpeople's mediation and mediation system as well as other dispute resolution differences,highlighting the characteristics and significance of people's mediation system in the period ofAnti Japanese War; secondly, the people's mediation system in the period of Anti Japanesewar culture analysis, mining the people's mediation during the Anti Japanese War to rootcauses, development, and expansion of the legal culture from the angle of sociology and law;finally, focus on the perspective of legal theory, from three aspects of justice, freedom,efficiency describes the value foundation of the people's mediation system in the period ofAnti Japanese War, after the exposition, to lay a solid theoretical foundation. Part two: the construction of the people's mediation system and operation during theperiod of Anti Japanese war. Starting from the people's mediation system in the period of thewar of the historical data, the specific institutional framework of the people's mediation in theperiod of Anti Japanese war is analyzed, and points out that at the time the party's mass lineand each according to the regulations of the people's mediation system is formed to provide arealistic basis, then the specific model design of system analysis, are analyzed from themediation in the form of organization, the principle of mediation, mediation, conciliation,mediation scope model results and at the time the people's mediation in order to reproduce thetypical case, the people's mediation system in the period of anti Japanese War picture. Part three: the evaluation and Enlightenment of people's mediation system in the periodof Anti Japanese war. First of all, discusses the value of people's mediation system in theperiod of Anti Japanese war. During this period the people's mediation closely around theparty aim thoroughly implement the mass line, insist on the principle of justice for the peopleto resolve disputes at the grass-roots, saves a considerable part of judicial resources for thewar of resistance against japan. Secondly, reveals the defects of the system, and points outthat the legal system degree of people's mediation system in the period of Anti Japanese war isnot high enough, the content design defects, the value orientation is not clear enough. Thirdly,points out the contemporary inspiration of the system. The people's mediation system in AntiJapanese War provided the experience for the harmonious development of the society andprovides the “native resources” for the constuction of multipartite mediation mechanism. Key Words: The period of Anti Japanese War People's mediation system Theoreticalanalysis The operation of the system 目 錄 中文摘要 英文摘要 引 言1 一、 抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的一般理論分析 ?。ㄒ唬?概念界定 1. 調(diào)解制度的概念 2. 抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的界定 ?。ǘ?文化底蘊 1. “無訟是求”的傳統(tǒng)法律價值觀 2. “以和為貴”的價值取向 3. 鄉(xiāng)土社會的秩序訴求 4. 民間法的歷史慣性 ?。ㄈ?理論基礎(chǔ) 1. 公平：調(diào)解所追求的結(jié)果 2. 自由：調(diào)解的內(nèi)在價值 3. 效率：調(diào)解要達到的目標(biāo) 二、 抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解的制度構(gòu)建與運作 ?。ㄒ唬?制度構(gòu)建的現(xiàn)實依據(jù) 1. 政策依據(jù)：中國共產(chǎn)黨的群眾路線 2. 法律依據(jù)：各根據(jù)地的法規(guī)建設(shè) ?。ǘ?制度的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 1. 形式多樣的調(diào)解組織 2. 較為完善的調(diào)解原則 3. 適用面較為寬泛的調(diào)解范圍 4. 各具特色的調(diào)解模式 5. 以書面手續(xù)為依據(jù)的調(diào)解結(jié)果 （三） 制度的實際運作 三、 抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期人民調(diào)解制度的評價與啟示 （一） 制度的價值 1. 貫徹群眾路線，獲得了群眾擁護 2. 堅持司法為民，提高了司法效率 3. 節(jié)約司法資源，不耽誤生產(chǎn) ?。ǘ?制度的缺陷 1. 法制化程度不夠高 2. 內(nèi)容設(shè)計存在缺陷 3. 制度應(yīng)有的價值未能充分體現(xiàn) ?。ㄈ?制度的當(dāng)代啟示 1. 為社會和諧發(fā)展提供經(jīng)驗 2. 為大調(diào)解機制的構(gòu)建提供“本土資源” 結(jié) 論 參考文獻 后 記 |
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