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Generally Accepted Values for Normal Range of Motion (ROM) in Joints
關(guān)節(jié)正?；顒臃秶?ROM)值 Range of motion (ROM) is a measurement of the distance and direction a joint can move to its full potential. A joint is a location in the body where bones connect. Most of them are constructed to allow movement in predetermined directions. The amount of movement through a normal range of motion is commonly measured in degrees using an instrument called a goniometer.活動范圍（ROM）是測量關(guān)節(jié)在距離和方向上最大運動范圍的度量。關(guān)節(jié)連接人體的骨骼，大多數(shù)關(guān)節(jié)在允許方向內(nèi)活動，通常使用測角儀以度為單位來測量正常運動范圍內(nèi)的運動量。 
Each joint has different ranges of motion for each type of movement it can perform. There are a few joints that do not support movement, such as in the skull.每個關(guān)節(jié)有不同的活動范圍，有一些關(guān)節(jié)不能活動，如顱骨。 
Common joint movements include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Extension is a motion that increases the angle between the bones of the limb at a joint. It occurs when muscles contract and bones move the joint into a straightened position, like straightening the elbow. The opposite movement, flexion, bends the joint so that the joint angle decreases, like bending the elbow.常見的關(guān)節(jié)運動包括屈、伸、外展和內(nèi)收。伸是增加關(guān)節(jié)處肢體骨骼之間角度的運動。肌肉收縮，關(guān)節(jié)伸直，如伸肘關(guān)節(jié)；相反，屈曲，使關(guān)節(jié)屈曲，使關(guān)節(jié)角度減小，如屈肘關(guān)節(jié)。 
Normal Ranges of Motion By Joint 關(guān)節(jié)正?；顒臃秶?/span>Although there is variability among various individuals, the following are generally accepted values for a normal ROM in each individual joint as measured in degrees. Physical therapists and exercise physiologists measure an individual's range of motion and compare it to these normal values.盡管存在個體差異，但以下是每個關(guān)節(jié)正常ROM的公認值，以度為單位。康復師和運動生理學家測量關(guān)節(jié)的活動范圍，并將其與這些正常值進行比較。 - Extension 115 to 0 degrees
- Hyperextension (straightening beyond normal range) 0 to 15 degrees
- Abduction (moving away from the central axis of the body) 0 to 45 degrees
- Adduction (moving towards the central axis of the body) 45 to 0 degrees
- Lateral rotation (rotation away from the center of the body) 0 to 45 degrees
- Medial rotation (rotation towards the center of the body) 0 to 45 degrees
內(nèi)收(向身體中軸方向移動)45 - 0度內(nèi)旋(向身體中心旋轉(zhuǎn))0到45度- Extension 120 to 0 degrees
- Plantar flexion (movement downward) 0 to 50 degrees
- Dorsiflexion (movement upward) 0 to 20 degrees
- Inversion (rolled inward) 0 to 35 degrees
- Eversion (rolled outward) 0 to 25 degrees
Metatarsophalangeal Joint of the Foot- Extension 0 to 80 degrees
Interphalangeal Joint of the Toe
- Extension 50 to 0 degrees
- Extension 0 to 50 degrees
- Abduction 0 to 90 degrees
- Adduction 90 to 0 degrees
- Lateral rotation 0 to 90 degrees
- Medial rotation 0 to 90 degrees
- Extension 145 to 0 degrees
- Pronation (rotation inward) 0 to 90 degrees
- Supination (rotation outward) 0 to 90 degrees
旋前(向內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn))0 - 90度- Extension 0 to 70 degrees
- Abduction 0 to 25 degrees
- Adduction 0 to 65 degrees
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)- Abduction 0 to 25 degrees
- Adduction 20 to 0 degrees
- Extension 0 to 30 degrees
Interphalangeal Proximal (PIP) Joint of the Finger- Extension 120 to 0 degrees
Interphalangeal Distal (DIP) Joint of the Finger- Extension 80 to 0 degrees
Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb- Abduction 0 to 50 degrees
- Adduction 40 to 0 degrees
- Extension 60 to 0 degrees
Interphalangeal Joint of the Thumb- Extension 90 to 0 degrees
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