同位語從句三要點

一、概念：一般來說，在主從復(fù)合句中,用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后，用以說明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容?？梢愿徽Z從句的名詞通常有：

https://m./group/6754713884386394637/?app=news_article&timestamp=1572798810&req_id=201911040033300100230281570210BACA&group_id=6754713884386394637

          (同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容而定語從句用來修飾限定前面的先行詞連接代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語)

advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem， question, doubt, thought等。例如：

They were delighted at the news that their team had won.

當(dāng)聽到他們隊獲勝的消息時，他們欣喜若狂。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你從哪兒聽說我不能來？

有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在被說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。 如：

The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.

他突然想起湯姆可能已經(jīng)還了書了。

二、引導(dǎo)詞：請仔細觀察下列句子，注意從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。

1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2. He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.

3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.

4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.

5. We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.

6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.

7. I have no idea when he will be back．

三、歸納

① that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時無詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1；

② whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句時意為'是否'，通常不能用if來代替,如句2;

③ 連接代詞who, what等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，如句3， 4；

④ 連接副詞where, how, when等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句， 如句5，6，7。

四、that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別

① 意義不同：同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的先行詞。試比較：

1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.

[分析] 句1中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明'news'的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。句2中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，對'news'加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。

② that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，不僅起連接作用，而且還指代先行詞并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分。試比較：

1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.

2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.

[分析]句1中 that引導(dǎo) 同位語從句，其中that無詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分；

句2中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語，且that可以用which替換。

③ 可否省略：that在引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，通常不可省略。在引導(dǎo)定語從句時，若在從句中作賓語，通?？梢允÷?，若作主語則不可以省略。

[即學(xué)即用]

I．請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使下列句子意思完整。

1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon.

2. The fact _______ he didn't see Tom this morning is true.

3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.

4. He can't answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday.

5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?

6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.

II. 下列各句中均有一處錯誤，請改正。

1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.

2. I've come with a message from Mr Wang how he won't be able to see you this afternoon.

3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.

4. I've read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.

5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.

III． 把下列句子翻譯成英語。

1. 我向他許諾說我一到北京就給他寫信。

2. 他經(jīng)常問我這個問題，那就是這個工作是否值得做。

3. 他什么也不說，這一事實使大家都感到驚奇。

4. 在我看來，他剛才告訴我的這個消息是真實的。

5. 他突然想起他本來應(yīng)該去接兒子的。

Key:

I. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. how 5. what

6. whether

II. 1 that→which 2. how→that 3. if→whether

4. where→that / which或省略where

5. when→that 6. that→how

III. 1. I made a promise that I would write to him as soon as I got to Beijing.

2. He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.

3. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

4. In my opinion, the news (that / which) he told me just now is true．

5. A thought suddenly came to him that he should have picked up his son.

PAGE

2