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西方頂級繪畫的最高成就 克勞德·莫奈（Claude Monet，1840年11月14日－1926年12月5日），法國畫家，被譽(yù)為“印象派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”，是印象派代表人物和創(chuàng)始人之一。莫奈是法國最重要的畫家之一，印象派的理論和實踐大部分都有他的推廣。莫奈擅長光與影的實驗與表現(xiàn)技法。他最重要的風(fēng)格是改變了陰影和輪廓線的畫法，在莫奈的畫作中看不到非常明確的陰影，也看不到突顯或平涂式的輪廓線。光和影的色彩描繪是莫奈繪畫的最大特色。 2019年5月14日，法國印象派畫家克勞德·莫奈的作品《干草堆》在紐約蘇富比拍賣行以破紀(jì)錄的1.107億美元（1美元約合人民幣6.87元）高價拍出。這是莫奈作品拍賣價格的最高紀(jì)錄，也是印象派畫作拍賣最高紀(jì)錄。 1874年，莫奈參加了第一次印象派展覽，展出了自己的作品《日出·印象》，這幅畫描繪的是法國勒阿弗爾港清晨的風(fēng)景，太陽剛剛升起，水面霧氣朦朧。由于畫的是光線短暫變化的瞬間，于是受到學(xué)院派的嘲笑，說《日出·印象》完全就是憑印象胡亂畫出來的，印象派由此得名。 《印象·日出》 視覺觀察方面無疑是一個富有創(chuàng)造性的天才。他善于從光與色的相互關(guān)系中發(fā)現(xiàn)前人從未發(fā)現(xiàn)的某種現(xiàn)象。他把全部注意力都集中在光與色上，從而找到了最適于表達(dá)光與色的明度差別變化的形式，他把這種光色明度差別變化從繪畫的各種其他因素中抽象出來，把它提到了不可攀登的高度。 莫奈的視覺觀察是天才的、創(chuàng)造性的、非凡的，可是在這種觀察的背后又是什么呢？他所看見的東西同他所感覺和他所想象的東西之間關(guān)系又是如何的呢？莫奈在1874－1878年間在阿爾讓特依所畫的一些畫可以回答這些問題。如創(chuàng)作于1872年的“阿爾讓特依的帆船”。 阿爾讓特依的帆船 在這幅圖里中間調(diào)子代替了色彩對比，但不是借了色彩的混合，而是通過形成一種光的綜合作用的色彩分解或組合。黑色已不再出現(xiàn)于畫家的調(diào)色板，剩下的只是造成明與暗的光譜色彩，它們形成了形的實體。統(tǒng)一的色彩風(fēng)格很自然地遍及整個畫面：遠(yuǎn)景和近景，物體、水和天空，把這一切改造成為一種美妙動人的景象，而渾然一片、不分層次的空間透視，則把這遠(yuǎn)景和近景聯(lián)成一個整體。紫色和黃色的調(diào)子同河水和天空的蔚藍(lán)色交織在一起，這些顏色的調(diào)子差別把這些自然現(xiàn)象區(qū)分得清清楚楚，而且平靜如鏡的河面，仿佛就成了天穹的基礎(chǔ)。幾何學(xué)的透視已被忘卻；它已讓空氣的不斷運動代替了。每一種顏色單獨看來十分柔和，它們的整體卻又是強(qiáng)烈的；出現(xiàn)在我們面前的是天邊焰火彌漫，白晝即將消逝的圖景，一條大帆船靜靜地停在一片灰色的半陰影之中。這是一個幻想家的直觀，在這煙霧繚繞、夕陽西下、一片憂郁的氣氛之中，莫奈仿佛就是那光的生命，直接參與著它的逐漸熄滅。這是莫奈創(chuàng)作中的豐收時期，是他創(chuàng)作了色彩的傳奇。 下面是莫奈的“系列”作品之一《草垛》：（可以閉上一只眼睛看） 《草垛》 Grainstack at Giverny, 1889 Grainstack at Sunset, 1891 Grainstack in Overcast Weather, Snow Effect, 1891 Grainstack at Sunset, Winter, 1890-91 Grainstack, Thaw, Sunset, 1891
Grainstack under the Sun, 1891
Grainstack, 1891 01
Grainstack, 1891 02
Grainstack, Impression in Pinks and Blues, 1891
Grainstack, Sun in the Mist, 1891
Grainstacks at Chailly at Sunrise, 1865
Grainstacks at Giverny, Morning Effect, 1889
Grainstacks at Giverny, Sunset, 1889
Grainstacks at Sunset, Snow Effect, 1891
Grainstacks at the End of Summer, Morning Effect, 1891
Grainstacks at the End of the Day, Autumn, 1891
Grainstacks in the Morning, Snow Effect, 1891
Grainstacks in the Sunlight, Midday, 1890
Grainstacks, 1891
Grainstacks, Snow Effect, 1890-91
Grainstacks, White Frost Effect, 1890-91
Grainstacks, White Frost Effect, 1891
1525 paintings_Haystack at Giverny, 1885
Haystack at Giverny, 1893
Haystack, 1865
Haystacks - White Frost, Sunrise, 1889
Haystacks at Giverny, 1884
Haystacks at Giverny, 1885
Haystacks at Giverny, 1894
Haystacks at Giverny, 1895
Haystacks, Overcast Day, 1884
Haytstacks (End of Summer), 1891 光和影的色彩描繪是莫奈繪畫的最大特色。在他的畫作中看不到明確的陰影，也看不到突顯或平涂式的輪廓線。
《草地上的午餐》 他說“我作畫猶如鳥兒在唱歌?！彼娘L(fēng)景畫如同音樂一樣，有著明快、抒情的色彩。他醉心于捕捉大自然的光與色的變化。
《白楊樹》
《罌粟花》
《撐陽傘的女人》
《睡蓮》 很多時候，他也會畫同一素材在不同光線下的形式。其中最著名的就是《睡蓮》系列，這個我會在下次分享中詳細(xì)介紹。所以，下面的高清圖中會有很多同一場景不同時刻的印象，比如《圣拉扎爾火車站》系列、《魯昂大教堂》系列、《草垛》系列... ...不要以為看花眼了哦！
《圣拉扎爾火車站》1
《圣拉扎爾火車站》2
Antibes, Afternoon Effect, 1888
Argenteuil, 1872
Argenteuil Seen from the Small Arm of the Seine, 1872
Apple Trees on the Chantemesle Hill, 1878
Apple Trees in Blossom by the Water, 1880
Apple Trees in Bloom, 1873
Apple Trees Blooming, 1873
Antibes Seen from the Cap Marten, Mistral Wind, 1888
Antibes in the Morning, 1888
Antibes - View of the Salis Gardens, 1888
Anemones in Pot, 1885
Andre Lauvray, 1880
An Orchard in Spring, 1886
An Old Street of Chaussee, Argenteuil, 1872
Amsterdam in the Snow, 1874
Alice Hoschede in the Garden, 1881
Agapanthus Flowers, 1914-17
Reading in the Garden, 1866
Argenteuil, Flowers by the Riverbank, 1877
Argenteuil, Late Afternoon, 1872
Argenteuil, Seen from the Small Arm of the Seine, 1872
Argenteuil, the Hospice, 1872
Argenteuil, The Seine, 1872
Argenteuil. Yachts, 1875 01
Argenteuil. Yachts, 1875 02
Argenteuil. Yachts, 1875 03
Arm of the Seine near Vetheuil, 1878
Arriving at Montegeron, 1876
Asters,1880
At Cap d Antibes, 1888
At Cap d Antibes, Mistral Wind, 1888
At Petit-Dalles, 1884
At the Meadow, Vetheuil, 1881
At the Terrace at Vetheuil, 1881
At Val Saint-Nicolas near Dieppe, Morning, 1897
At Val Saint-Nicolas, near Dieppe, 1897
At Val-Saint-Nicolas near Dieppe in the Morning, 1897
Cliff near Dieppe in the Morning, 1897
Cliff near Dieppe, 1896
Cliff near Dieppe, Cloudy Weather, 1897
Cliff near Dieppe, Overcast Skies, 1897
Autumn Effect at Argenteuil, 1873
Autumn on the Seine at Argenteuil, 1873
Banks of the Seine at Jeufosse, Autumn, 1884
Banks of the Seine at Lavacourt, 1878
Bathers at La Grenouillere, 1869
Basket of Graphes, Quinces and Pears, 1882-85
Beach and Cliffs at Pourville, Morning Effect, 1882
Beach in Juan-les-Pins, 1888
Bed of Chrysanthemums, 1897
Belle-Ile, 1886
Belle-Ile, Rain Effect, 1886
Belle-Ile, Rocks at Port-Goulphar, 1886
Belle-Ile, The Cliffs, 1886
Bennecourt, 1885
Bennecourt,1887
Blanche Hoschede, 1880
Boat at Low Tide at Fecamp,1881
Boaters at Argenteuil, 1874
Boats at Petit-Gennevilliers, 1872
Boats at Rouen, 1872
Boats at Zaandam, 1871
Boats in the Port of Honfleur, 1866
Boats in the Port of Honfleur, 1917
Boats in the Port of Le Havre, 1882-83
Boats in the Port of London, 1871
Boats Lying at Low Tide at Facamp, 1881
Boats on Rapair, 1873
Boats on the Beach at Etretat, 1883
Boats on the Beach at Etretat
Boats on the Beach at Pourville, Low Tide, 1882
Boats on the Beach, 1883
Boats on the Beach, 1885
Boats on the Thames, Fog Effect, 1901
Boats on the Thames, London, 1901
Boatyard near Honfleur, 1864
Bordighera, 1884
Bordighera, Italy, 1884
Bordighera, the House of Gardener, 1884
Bordighera, View, 1884
Boulevard des Capucines, 1883 01
Boulevard des Capucines, 1883 02
Boulevard St.Denis, Argenteuil, Snow Effect,1875
Bouquet of Sunflowers, 1880
Bouquet of Gadiolas, Lilies and Dasies, 1878
Branch of Lemons, 1884
Branch of Lemons,1883
Branch of Orange Bearing Fruit, 1884
Breakup of Ice, 1880
Breakup of Ice, Grey Weather, 1880
Breakup of Ice, Lavacourt, Grey Weather,1880
Broad Landscape, 1862
Burgo Marina at Bordighera,1884
By the River at Vernon, 1883
By the Sea, 1864
Calm Weather, Fecamp, 1881
Camille Monet in the Garden at the House in Argenteuil, 1876
Canal in Amsterdam, 1874
Canal of Amsterdam in Winter, 1874
Cap Martin, 1884 01
Cap Martin, 1884 02
Cap Martin, 1884 03
Carrieres - Saint-Denis, 1872
Cart on the Snow Covered Road with Saint-Simeon Farm, 1865
Charing Cross Bridge (study), 1899-01
Charing Cross Bridge, 1899 01
Charing Cross Bridge, 1899 02
Charing Cross Bridge, 1899-01 01
Charing Cross Bridge, 1899-01 02
Charing Cross Bridge, 1899-01 03
Charing Cross Bridge, 1900
Charing Cross Bridge, 1901 01
Charing Cross Bridge, 1901 02
Charing Cross Bridge, 1902 01
Charing Cross Bridge, 1902 02
Charing Cross Bridge, 1903 01
Charing Cross Bridge, Cleopatra s Needle, 1899-1901
Charing Cross Bridge, Fog on the Themes, 1903
Charing Cross Bridge, Overcast Weather, 1900
Charing Cross Bridge, Reflections on the Thames, 1899-01
Charing Cross Bridge, The Thames 02, 1903
Charing Cross Bridge, The Thames, 1903
Christmas Roses, 1883
Chrysanthemums, 1878
Chrysanthemums, 1882
Church at Jeufosse, Snowy Weather, 1893
Clematises, 1887
Cliff at Dieppe, 1882
Cliff at Fecamp, 1881
Cliff at Grainval near Fecamp, 1881
Cliff at Grainval, 1882
Cliff at Petit Ailly in Grey Weather, 1897
Cliff at Petit Ailly, 1896
Cliff at Petit Ailly, at Varengeville, 1896
Cliff at Pourville 2, 1896
Cliff at Pourville in the Morning, 1897
Cliff at Pourville, 1896
Cliff at Pourville, 1896
Cliffs at Pourville, Rain, 1886
Cliffs at Pourville, Sunset, 1897
Cliff at Sainte-Adresse, 1873
Cliff near Dieppe, 1882
Cliff near Dieppe, 1897
Cliff near Fecamp, 1881
Cliff near Pourville, 1882
Cliffs and Sailboats at Pourville, 1882
Cliffs at Amont, 1885
Cliffs at Etretat, 1886
Cliffs at Pourville in the Fog, 1882
Cliffs at Pourville, Morning, 1897
Cliffs near Dieppe, 1882
Cliffs near Pourville, 1882
Cliffs of Les Petites-Dalles, 1880
Cliffs of Les Petites-Dalles, 1881
Cliffs of the Porte d Aval, 1885
Cliffs of the Porte d Aval, Grey Weather, 1883 Cliffs of Varengeville, Gust of Wind, 1881 Cliffs of Varengeville, Gust of Wind, 1882 Cliffs Walk at Pourville, 1882 Clifftop Walk at Pourville, 1882 Coal Dockers, 1875 Coast of Normandy Cobeas, 1883 Coming into Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile, 1886 Corner of a Studio, 1861 Corner of the Apartment, 1875 Cote Sauvage, 1896 Customs House at Varengaville 2, 1897 Customs House at Varengaville, 1882 Customs House at Varengeville in the Fog, 1897 Customs House, 1882 Customs House, Rose Effect, 1897 Customs House, Varengeville, 1882 Dahlias 2, 1883 Dahlias, 1883 Dieppe, 1882 Dolceacqua, Bridge, 1884 Dolceacqua, Castle, 1884 Dolceacqua, Castle, 1884 Dr. Leclenche, 1864 Edge of the Cliff at Pourville, 1882 Edge of the Cliff, Pourville, 1882 Effect of Waves at Etretat, 1883 Entering the Village of Vetheuil in Winter, 1879 Entrance to the Port of Honfleur, 1870 Entrance to the Port of Trouville, 1870 Etretat, 1864 Etretat, Aiguille and Porte d`Aval, Sunset, 1883-85 Etretat, Cliff of Aval, 1885 Etretat, Cliff of Aval, Sunset, 1885 Etretat, Sailing Boats under the Sunset, 1882-83 Etretat, Sunset, 1883 Etretat, the Aval Door, Fishing Boats Leaving the Harbour, 1885 Etretat, the Beach and the Porte d Aval, 1883 Etretat, the Needle Rock and Porte d Aval, 1885 1525 paintings_Evening at Argenteuil, 1876 Evening Effect of the Seine, 1881 Evening in the Meadow at Giverny (detail), 1888 Farm near Honfleur, 1864 Farm Yard at Chailly, 1865 Farmyard in Normandy, 1863 Farmyard, 1878 Fecamp, by the Sea, 1881 Festival at Argenteuil, 1872 Field at Gennevilliers, 1877 Field of Tulips in Holland, 1886 ield of Yellow Irises at Giverny, 1887 Fields of Flowers and Windmills near Leiden, 1886 Fields of Tulip With The Rijnsburg Windmill, 1886 Fisherman s Cottage at Varengeville, 1882 Fisherman s House at Varengeville, 1882 Fisherman`s House in Petit-Ailly, 1882 Fishing Boats (study), 1866 Fishing Boats at Etretat, 1873 Fishing Boats at Honfleur, 1868 Fishing Boats at Pourville, 1882 Fishing Boats at Sea, 1868 Fishing Boats at the Sea near Pourville, 1882 Fishing Boats at the Sea, 1868 Fishing Boats by the Beach and the Cliffs of Pourville, 1882 Fishing Boats Leaving the Harbor, Le Havre, 1874 Fishing Boats on the Beach at Etretat, 1884 Fishing Boats, 1885 Fishing Boats, Calm Sea, 1868 Fishing Nets at Pourville, 1882 Fishing on the River Epte, 1887 Floating Ice on the Seine, 1880 01 Floating Ice on the Seine, 1880 02 Floating Ice near Bennecourt, 1893 Floating Ice near Bennecourt, 1898 Floating Ice, 1882 Flood at Giverny, 1886 Flood at Giverny, 1896 Flood at Giverny, 1896-97 Flood of the Seine at Vetheuil, 1881 Flood Waters at Giverny, 1896 Flowering Pear Tree, 1885 Flowers and Fruit, 1869 Flowers at Vetheuil, 1881 Flowers in a Pot, 1878 Flowers Beds at Vetheuil, 1881 Flowers in a Vase, 1888 Flowers on the Banks of Seine near Vetheuil, 1880 Fog Effect, 1872 Fontainebleau Forest, 1865 Frost near Vetheuil, 1880 Frost, 1875 Fruit Basket with Apples and Grapes, 1879 Fruit Trees，1525 Garden at Sainte-Adresse, 1867 Garden in Bloom at Sainte-Addresse, 1866 Garden in Bordighera, Morning Effect, 1884 Garden of the Princess, 1867 Gardener s House at Antibes, 1888 Geese at the Stream, 1874 General View Of Rouen From St.Catherines Bank General View of Rouen, 1892 Gestrandetes Boot in Fecamp, 1868 Girls in a Boat, 1887 Girls in the Garden, 1875 Giverny in Springtime, 1899-1900 Gladiolus, 1881 Gladioluses, 1876 Gondola in Venice, 1908 Green Park in London, 1871 Group of Rocks at Port-Goulphar, 1886 Group of Rocks, Port-Goulphar, 1886 Grove of Olive Trees in Bordighera, 1884 Guurtje Van de Stadt, 1871 Hauling a Boat Ashore, Honfleur, 1864 Haystack at Giverny, 1886 |
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