在2003年堪培拉叢林大火之后，政府為重塑該片區(qū)，組織澳大利亞國家植物園國際設計競賽。“森林100（100 Forests）”以其獨特的設計理念，即打造一個包括世界上最瀕危的100個樹木種類的森林，贏得了此次競賽。 The design of Australia’s National Arboretum was selected via an international design competition following the devastating Canberra bush fires of 2003. The winning concept; 100 Forests, comprises forests with 100 of the worlds most endangered tree species. ▽ 梯田式的大地景觀形成了主要的進入植物園的游覽序列?；A部分有一套精心設計的灌溉系統(tǒng)，將水流引向大壩，再由大壩將用水重新分配到植物園。 Large terraced earth sculptures form the major arrival sequence into the Arboretum. At the base, a carefully designed irrigationsystem directs water to the dam to redistribute back into the Arboretum. 森林100定義了什么是21世紀的公共花園。從可持續(xù)性、生物多樣、公眾環(huán)境問題等非常現(xiàn)實的條件出發(fā)，森林100不只是一個以美學為指導的概念設計，而是一個策略、一個真實的項目、一個正在發(fā)生的事件。它不只是為游客提供獨一無二的置身瀕危物種間的游覽體驗；更重要的，它是一個未來的種子銀行，每一棵樹木都是一個能成活的種子的集合。 森林100位于澳大利亞首都堪培拉Burley Griffin湖岸。250公頃連綿起伏的地形，全景式的城市畫卷，以及在城市總規(guī)劃師Walter和Marion Burley-Griffin指導下培植的兩處外來樹木叢，共同構(gòu)成了森林100設計的背景和靈感來源。設計師按照每塊2-3公頃，將用地沿著起伏的地形劃分開來，網(wǎng)格的走向跟Burley-Griffins夫婦設計的城市軸線相一致。錯落有致、色彩繽紛的森林，其形態(tài)和肌理為城市提供了一幅壯麗的背景，同時也成為正在發(fā)展中的城市的一部分。 國家植物園對“植物園”的概念重新進行了演繹，它從世界各地引入瀕危的或極具民族植物學特色的物種，形成一座未來生物多樣性的倉庫。在一個單一物種構(gòu)成的林區(qū)內(nèi)植入300到2000棵外來物種樹木，不僅是一項具有重要植物學意義的事件，而且將為公眾帶來形式、色彩、光影、聲效等多方面的沉浸式休閑游覽體驗。 該項目將自身具有的植物學意義同世界上對保存地球生物多樣性感興趣的研究機構(gòu)，如英國Millennium Seed Bank in Kew Gardens和當?shù)氐腁ustralian National University，聯(lián)系起來。 森林100是一個重要的市政和社區(qū)活動場地。不僅能夠提供自然體驗和教育的機會，還能為多種娛樂活動提供場地。充滿美感的建筑及活動場所共同營造了項目的核心，且會隨著植物園和城市的擴張而擴展，為游客營造同自然環(huán)境聯(lián)系更緊密的空間。 植物園的空間概念可以通過精心安排的從園區(qū)外圍進入到核心的體驗順序來闡述。當游客靠近森林的入口時，就已經(jīng)可以感受到沉浸的氣氛了。沿著蜿蜒的道路穿過森林，盡頭是12公頃的梯田式的中央谷地，谷地慢慢升高 到50m處，遠遠地看見“穹蓋”造型的游客中心就佇立在那里。沉浸式的體驗還在繼續(xù)，在短暫地步行之后，游客到達山坡的頂部，在那里有一條鋪滿巖石的峽谷，引領游客前往游客中心和植物園的核心區(qū)域。在那里可以觀賞被精心設計過的起伏蔥郁的中央谷地，還能越過湖面，遠眺堪培拉。游客中心附近是樹木掩映下的兒童游樂場。以“種子是生命的開端”為理念，孩子和家長們進入了一個被放大的奇幻世界——巨大的橡果漂浮在空中，山龍眼的果實鋪滿了樹林的地面。對所有年齡段的孩子們來說，玩耍是重要的社交方式和教育工具，在增進兒童與景觀、氣候、環(huán)境的關(guān)系時，玩耍尤其是最重要的手段之一。巨型種子構(gòu)成的世界能培養(yǎng)孩子們的自發(fā)性、創(chuàng)造力、想象力，鼓勵他們接受挑戰(zhàn)，增強他們的自信心。 森林100是一個有生命的項目，沒有竣工的一天，它將持續(xù)更新和進步；營造真正的歸屬體驗，與人類、城市、國家共同成長。 ▽ 從2003年堪培拉大火中幸存下來的Cork植物園。它提供了一個強有力的探究森林100方案潛力的視角。Cork Plantation that survived the 2003 Canberrra Fires. This existing plantation provided an insight into thepotential of the immersive 100 forest concept. ▽ 植物園內(nèi)設置有一系列的大型雕塑，在森林中等待被發(fā)現(xiàn)。The Arboretum is host to a series of large sculptures that will, over time, be discovered within the forest landscape . ▽ 每一片林區(qū)樹木的排布是基于物種自身生物和文化特性來布置的，因此各不相同。每一位TCL的設計師都為森林100出謀劃策。它是一個想法的集合。The layout of trees are distinct for each forest and are designed based on their botanical or cultural qualities for each species. Each TCL designer provided ideas for the 100 forests, with the result of a patchwork of ideas. ▽ 中央的谷地林區(qū)同周邊樹林的密合形成了鮮明的對比……禮節(jié)性的樹木沿著中央谷地曲折向下，標志性的樹種則種植在平地處。The central valley clearing provides a contrast to the enclosureof the surrounding forests…. Ceremonial planting down the spin ofthe central valley and icon planting on the terraces. ▽ 梯田式的中央林區(qū)形成了游客進入植物園的游覽序列。The sculptured landforms of the Central Clearing form part of the visitor arrival sequence. ▽ 森林100各片區(qū)的排布方式不同，根據(jù)樹種的護理需求和文化主題形成各自的空間布局。All of the 100 forests are arranged differently, the qualities provide distinct spatial arrangements that respond to species horticultural requirements and many cultural themes. ▽ 從中央谷地的底部向上看游客中心，游客中心的設計者是TZG Architects。View from the bottom of the central valley toward visitors centre. Visitors Centre by TZG Architects. ▽ “廣闊的棕色土地”雕塑。位于新近種植的Washingtonia SP附近?！甒ide Brown Land’ Sculpture. Located near recently planted Washingtonia SP. ▽ 經(jīng)過一段時間，每一片樹林中將納入多樣性的游客設施，如野餐區(qū)、藝術(shù)裝置、秘密花園等。Overtime each forest will host a diverse array of visitor facilities such as picnic areas, art installations and secret ▽ Pod游樂場由幼兒游樂區(qū)（山龍眼果區(qū)）、少兒游樂區(qū)（橡果區(qū)）、秋千等設備組成。橡果區(qū)內(nèi)有六座距離地面2.5m到5m高度不等的橡果房子。The Pod Playground consists of a toddler play area (banksias), swing set area, older children (acorn area) and net play to the left of the Acorns. The Acorn area consists of six Acorn cubby houses varying in height from 2.5 metres to 5 metres above ground. ▽ 網(wǎng)繩隧道將4顆橡果連在一起，構(gòu)成了一個攀爬游樂場。圍合的網(wǎng)繩距離地面的高度超過2.5m。Rope tunnels connect four of the Acorns together, creating an clambering play element for children to explore the Acorns. The enclosed rope tunnels also allow heights to exceed 2.5 metres from the ground. ▽ 山龍眼果游樂區(qū)位于沙坑上，由玻璃強化結(jié)構(gòu)將各構(gòu)件聯(lián)系在一起。The Banksia play area is nestled in a sand pit with custom designed bug beads, sand and sound tubes attached to the glass reinforced structures. 100 Forests redefines the meaning of public garden in the 21st century. Growing out of very real issues of sustainability, biodiversity, and public environmental concern; 100 Forests is a strategy, a program and an ongoing event, not a design based chiefly on aesthetics. 100 Forests not only provides unique experiences, the pleasure of being enveloped in a forest of one endangered species; but is more importantly a seed bank for the future. Each holds a viable seed population to preserve these threatened species. 100 Forests is located above the shores of Lake Burley Griffin in the Australian National Capital, Canberra. The 250ha site with its rolling, elevated topography, panoramic city views and two stands of individual exotic tree species planted under the direction of the city’s Masterplan designers Walter and Marion Burley-Griffin, provided the canvas and catalyst for the design. The forests, each 2-3 hectares in size, are arranged via a grid across the undulating topography, which are orientated to align with a civic axis created by the Burley-Griffins. This patchwork of forests, with their varying colour, form and textures, provide a striking backdrop the city and engages at an urban scale with the developing City. The Arboretum offers a contemporary reinterpretation of the notion of arboretum by including botanically threatened or ethnobotanically significant tree species from around the world into a repository of biodiversity for the future. The result of planting the trees into single-species forest lots containing between 300 and 2000 trees will be a botanically significant collection offering an immersive experience of form, colour and light, augmented by the rustle of leaf-litter, the texture of the bark and the sound of wind moving through the canopies. The project has established connections across the world through the botanical value of its collection to institutions interested in preserving the planet’s biodiversity such as the Millennium Seed Bank in Kew Gardens, England and more locally with the Australian National University, Canberra. 100 forests is an important civic and community venue, not only providing education, interpretation and experiences within some of the world’s most beautiful trees; it is also a setting for events, gardens play, cafes amphitheatres and recreational paths. Beautiful architectural and event spaces engage the visitor to connect with the setting, creating a ‘heart’ to the project which can grow over time, expanding as the Arboretum and city expand. The spatial concept of the Arboretum can be explained sequentially through the carefully choreographed arrival experience from outside into the core. When approaching the entrance a portal of forests immediately immerses the visitor. The entrance road then gently twists through the forest before breaking out into the central valley clearing with 12ha of sculpted and terraced landform reaching up over 50m in elevation towards the ‘canopy’ form of the Visitor’s Centre building. Immersion continues as a short walk takes the visitor towards the crest of the hill where a rock-walled ravine has been carved through the earth, enclosing and directing them to the Visitor’s Centre building and toward the heart of the arboretum. After this confined experience, the open vaulted ceiling and timber beams of the canopy-like building reach up-and-over to a panoramic vista through the sculpted, forest lined central valley and across the lake to the city of Canberra. The visitor centre provides not only orientates visitors to the 100 forest experiences, it also links to adjacent the adjacent “pod playspace” which creatively engages children with the beauty of trees and fosters a life-long connection to this remarkable environment. Using the idea of seeds as the beginning life amongst the forest, children and their families can enter a fantasy world of exaggerated scales. A play space with giant acorns floating in the sky, and enormous banksia cones nestled on the forest floor. The design recognises that play is a vital social development and educational tool for children of all ages, and is particularly important when it assists in forming relationships to its landscape, climate and surrounding context. The world amongst the giant seeds aims to stimulate spontaneity and creativity, to foster the imagination and to challenge and encourage confidence with growth. 100 Forests is a living project, it has no completion date, its experiences and messages will continually evolve and adapt; creating experiences of true community within a sublime place that will grow with the people, the city and the nation. Project name: National Arboretum Canberra English Text: Taylor Cullity Lethlean MORE: Taylor Cullity Lethlean，更多請至：Taylor Cullity Lethlean on gooood |
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