String,StringBuffer與 StringBuilder的區(qū)別？

String類：

1. 引用型數(shù)據(jù)類型
2. 存儲在常量池中

StringBuilder類：

1. 線程不安全，適合單線程中使用
2. 具有數(shù)據(jù)緩存區(qū)
3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)了java.io.Serializable接口，可序列化

StringBuffer類：

1. 線程安全，適合多線程中使用
2. 具有數(shù)據(jù)緩存區(qū)
3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)了java.io.Serializable接口，可序列化

/*
    final修飾，不能被繼承，不可修改
    
    java.io.Serializable：序列化接口僅用于標(biāo)識序列化。
    					  序列化：對象轉(zhuǎn)換成字節(jié)流的一個(gè)過程，用來處理對象流的機(jī)制。
    					  
    Comparable<String>：接口用于對兩個(gè)實(shí)例化對象比較大小。
    
    CharSequence：只讀的字符序列；
    			抽象方法length(), charAt(int index), subSequence(int start, int end)
    			public String toString();
*/

public final class String 
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {

	public int hashCode() {
        int h = hash;
        if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
            hash = h = isLatin1() ? StringLatin1.hashCode(value)
                                  : StringUTF16.hashCode(value);
        }
        return h;
    }
    
    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String aString = (String)anObject;
            if (coder() == aString.coder()) {
                return isLatin1() ? StringLatin1.equals(value, aString.value)
                                  : StringUTF16.equals(value, aString.value);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}


final class StringLatin1 {
    public static boolean equals(byte[] value, byte[] other) {
        if (value.length == other.length) {
            for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i  ) {
                if (value[i] != other[i]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public static int hashCode(byte[] value) {
        int h = 0;
        int length = value.length >> 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i  ) {
            h = 31 * h   getChar(value, i);
        }
        return h;
    }
}

	
final class StringUTF16 {
    public static int hashCode(byte[] value) {
        int h = 0;
        int length = value.length >> 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i  ) {
            h = 31 * h   getChar(value, i);
        }
        return h;
    }
    
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public static boolean equals(byte[] value, byte[] other) {
        if (value.length == other.length) {
            int len = value.length >> 1;
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i  ) {
                if (getChar(value, i) != getChar(other, i)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

StringBuilder類源碼

特點(diǎn)：

1. 線程不安全，適合單線程中使用
2. 具有數(shù)據(jù)緩存區(qū)
3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)了java.io.Serializable接口，可序列化

public final class StringBuilder extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence{
    static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L;
    
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public StringBuilder() {
        super(16);
    }
    
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public StringBuilder(int capacity) {
        super(capacity);
    }
    
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public StringBuilder(String str) {
        super(str.length()   16);
        append(str);
    }
    
    public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {
        this(seq.length()   16);
        append(seq);
    }
    
    
    //個(gè)append 方法
    public StringBuilder append(String str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }
    
    public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {
        super.append(sb);
        return this;
    }
}

//抽線類，這個(gè)抽象類值得好好看看
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {

    byte[] value;//The value is used for character storage.
    
    byte coder;//The id of the encoding used to encode the bytes in {@code value}.
	
    int count;//The count is the number of characters used.

	
	public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        int len = str.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count   len);
        putStringAt(count, str);
        count  = len;
        return this;
    }
    
    private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {
        ensureCapacityInternal(count   4);
        int count = this.count;
        byte[] val = this.value;
        if (isLatin1()) {
            val[count  ] = 'n';
            val[count  ] = 'u';
            val[count  ] = 'l';
            val[count  ] = 'l';
        } else {
            count = StringUTF16.putCharsAt(val, count, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l');
        }
        this.count = count;
        return this;
    }
    
    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {
		//移位運(yùn)算符；<<（左移）、>>（帶符號右移）、>>>（無符號右移）
        int oldCapacity = value.length >> coder;
        if (minimumCapacity - oldCapacity > 0) {
        value = Arrays.copyOf(value,newCapacity(minimumCapacity) << coder);
        }
    }
    
   private int newCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        int oldCapacity = value.length >> coder;
        int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1)   2;
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) {
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        }
        int SAFE_BOUND = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE >> coder;
        return (newCapacity <= 0 || SAFE_BOUND - newCapacity < 0)
            ? hugeCapacity(minCapacity): newCapacity;
    }
    
    private final void putStringAt(int index, String str) {
        if (getCoder() != str.coder()) {
            inflate();
        }
        str.getBytes(value, index, coder);
    }
}

StringBuffer類

特點(diǎn)：

1. 線程安全，適合多線程中使用
2. 具有數(shù)據(jù)緩存區(qū)
3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)了java.io.Serializable接口，可序列化

transient：不希望在網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作（主要涉及到序列化操作，本地序列化緩存也適用）中被傳輸，這些信息對應(yīng)的變量就可以加上transient關(guān)鍵字。換句話說，這個(gè)字段的生命周期僅存于調(diào)用者的內(nèi)存中而不會(huì)寫到磁盤里持久化。

 public final class StringBuffer
    extends AbstractStringBuilder
    implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{
	private transient String toStringCache;
	@Override
    public synchronized int length() {
        return count;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized int capacity() {
        return super.capacity();
    }


    @Override
    public synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
        super.ensureCapacity(minimumCapacity);
    }
    
       @Override
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(Object obj) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(String.valueOf(obj));
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }
    
	@Override
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

}

測試代碼

import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class StringDiff {
    @Test
    public void testStr() {
        String str = "Hello";

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i  ) {
            str ="1";
            //str=str.concat("1");
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(end - start);

    }

    /* 被synchronized修飾*/
    @Test
    //線程安全
    public void testStrBuilder() {
        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("Hello");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i  ) {
            str.append("BoGe");
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("StringBuilder測試：" (end - start));
    }

    @Test
    //線程不安全
    public void testStrBuffer() {
        StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer("Hello");

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i  ) {
            str.append("BoGe");
        }
        long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("StringBuffer測試：" (end-start));
    }

    /**CountDownLatch原理:
     *  CountDownLatch是通過一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，計(jì)數(shù)器的初始化值為線程的數(shù)量。每當(dāng)一個(gè)線程完成了自己的任務(wù)后，計(jì)數(shù)器的值就相應(yīng)得減1。
     *  當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)器到達(dá)0時(shí)，表示所有的線程都已完成任務(wù)，然后在閉鎖上等待的線程就可以恢復(fù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
     */

    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    @Test
    public void testStringBuilderAndStringBuffer() {

        CountDownLatch latch1 = new CountDownLatch(1000);
        CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(1000);
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for(int i=0;i<1000;i  ){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        stringBuilder.append(1);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        latch1.countDown();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for(int i=0;i<1000;i  ){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        stringBuffer.append(1);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        // 遞減計(jì)數(shù)器的計(jì)數(shù)，如果計(jì)數(shù)到達(dá)零，則釋放所有等待的線程。
                        latch2.countDown();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        
        try {
            latch1.await();
            System.out.println(stringBuilder.length());
            latch2.await();
            System.out.println(stringBuffer.length());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}