Developing and Developed Countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

Read the passage.Answer these questions.閱讀文章并回答下列問(wèn)題。 What did world leaders agree to do in 2000? 2000年各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成了什么協(xié)議？ What does the Human Development Index measure? 衡量人類發(fā)展的尺度是什么？ What are the first two Development Goals? 最初的兩個(gè)發(fā)展目標(biāo)是什么？ What progress have we made towards these goals? 我們朝著這些目標(biāo)取得了哪些進(jìn)步？ What do developed countries need to do? 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要做些什么？ The Human Development Report人類發(fā)展報(bào)告 In the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. 2000年，147個(gè)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成協(xié)議，一起努力到2015年甚至更早緩解貧困，這個(gè)協(xié)議達(dá)成后接下來(lái)便產(chǎn)生了《人類發(fā)展報(bào)告》。 One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.This examines the achievements of 175 countries. 這個(gè)報(bào)告最重要的一部分就是“人類發(fā)展指標(biāo)”，這對(duì)175個(gè)國(guó)家的成果作了分析檢測(cè)。 The Index measures a country's achievements in three ways:life expectancy (how long people usually live),education and income.The index has some surprises.Norway is at the top of the list,while the US is at number 7. 這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)從三個(gè)方面衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家的成就：壽命（人們通常能活多久）、教育和收入。這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)顯示了一些令人感到意外的情況。挪威高居榜首，而美國(guó)則排在第七。 The other top five countries are:Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). 中間五個(gè)國(guó)家按名次分別是冰島、瑞典、澳大利亞和荷蘭， The UK is in the thirteenth position,while China is in the middle of the list.The bottom ten countries are all African countries,with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. 英國(guó)位居第十三，而中國(guó)排在名單的中間。處于末端的十個(gè)國(guó)家均是非洲國(guó)家，西非的塞拉利昂排在最后。 The report describes eight Development Goals.The most important goals are to: 這個(gè)報(bào)告描述了八個(gè)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，最重要的目標(biāo)是： reduce poverty and hunger;緩解貧窮和饑餓； make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;確保11歲以上的孩子都能接受教育； fight AIDS and other diseases;戰(zhàn)勝艾滋病和其他疾病 improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; 改善窮人的生活環(huán)境，如確保他們都喝上安全健康的飲用水； encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.鼓勵(lì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家給予其他國(guó)家更多的幫助。 The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years(1953-1962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years. 2003年的《人類發(fā)展報(bào)告》報(bào)告了幾個(gè)發(fā)展成功的實(shí)例，譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的時(shí)間里，中國(guó)的人均壽命就增加了13歲； In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. 在過(guò)去的十年中，中國(guó)有1.5億人擺脫了貧窮，然而，仍然還存在著很大的挑戰(zhàn)。 Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. 在發(fā)展中國(guó)家每天仍有7.99億人處于饑餓中，這些人中有一半是南亞或者非洲的； Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. 雖然發(fā)展中國(guó)家超過(guò)80%的孩子能上小學(xué)，但是仍然有1.15億的孩子沒有接受教育； More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. 在發(fā)展中國(guó)家還有超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)的人喝不到安全健康的飲用水， However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe,water is now mostly safe to drink. 但是在世界的其他地區(qū)，如東歐，水已經(jīng)基本上可以安全飲用了。 The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 報(bào)告顯示我們正在進(jìn)步，但是我們必須作出更大的努力。 Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. 雖然發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了一些經(jīng)濟(jì)救援，但是提供救援的數(shù)量應(yīng)該大大增加。 Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. 有趣的是，給予最多經(jīng)濟(jì)資助的國(guó)家分別是荷蘭、挪威和瑞典。 These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so. 這幾個(gè)國(guó)家都是世界上最富裕的五個(gè)國(guó)家中的，所以它們應(yīng)該這么做的。