Ancient Chinese civilization, ancient Indian civilization, ancient Egyptian civilization, ancient Greek civilization and ancient Mayan civilization existed in ancient world. In the long river of history, only ancient Chinese civilization remains, while the other four ancient civilizations have long disappeared. The carriers of the other four ancient civilizations have long disappeared, and the phonetic characters of today are growing on the ruins of their cultures, and their ancient characters have become an antique which is difficult for the world to understand today. Only ancient Chinese civilization and its carrier, ancient Chinese characters, still live in the hearts of the Chinese nation.

Nowadays, the popular phonetic alphabet is just a record of people's pronunciation, and the spelling itself is not scientific. Ancient Chinese characters are quite different from phonetic characters. They are not records of sounds; thousands of different dialects in China have many kinds of pronunciations for the same Chinese characters.

There are hundreds of simple pictographs and onomatopoeias in ancient Chinese characters. There are 300 partial radicals in the present Chinese character dictionary, and 540 partial radicals in the ancient Chinese characters research books. The appearance of these partial radicals is concrete, that is, they are the external appearance of some concrete things in nature. They are often visible, palpable and smelling. In Chinese characters, these pictographs are called 'text'. These 300 or so 'articles', through the scientific combination of two or more radicals (also called 'Wen'), are 'characters', accounting for the vast majority of Chinese characters. It can be said 'characters' are not 'pictographs', but 'characters' have the pictographic characteristics of 'pictographs'. However, although Chinese characters have such characteristics, they cannot be called 'pictographs' because they are not pictographs in the specific sense of individual characters. It is the 'pictogram' in the general, universal sense. In other words, the words themselves, any of them are not the pictogram of a specific thing, but the common characteristics or 'commonalities' of a group or category of things. Like the word 'male', it does not mean individual, specific men, but the common characteristics of a group of men cultivated in the field. Therefore, Chinese characters are simply called pictographs That is to say, it is an unscientific term for Chinese characters. According to my research results, I prefer to call Chinese characters 'rational words', a word from perceptual concrete to rational concrete. With regard to this conclusion, as it involves a complex philosophical concept, I suggest that readers take a look at my book, 'the vast majority of Chinese characters are rational words.'

Most of the ancient Chinese characters are the process of expressing the understanding of the complex things in the objective world and the abstract things in the subjective world by applying the perceptual concrete to the scientific rationality. Ancient Chinese characters are scientific in revealing the laws of all kinds of things. For the expression of objective world and subjective world, ancient Chinese characters show outstanding spirituality and scientificalness. The radicals of ancient Chinese characters are pictograms of simple and concrete things visible and perceptible to nature. The method of combining the radical of ancient Chinese characters to reveal the intrinsic nature and regularity of things scientifically, rationally and concretely. From the long forming History of Ancient Chinese characters In the process, it is revealed that every Chinese character, from the expression of its constantly changing characters, shows that the early people recognized the world of childish, until later is a mature process of change; This process of cognition of Chinese characters is basically consistent with the law of man's gradual cognition of the world. Ancient Chinese characters can more scientifically reflect the various things they express, which flashes with the Han nationality as the main body of the ancient Chinese ancestors (including the 56 ancestors of our country). Continue to explore and recognize the world of intelligent wisdom and outstanding ability.

In the course of studying ancient Chinese characters, the author gradually has a deeper understanding of the scientific and magical characteristics of ancient Chinese characters. The magic wisdom of ancient Chinese characters makes you feel fresh and fresh. This kind of exploration is very valuable to deeply understand the true meaning and spiritual essence of Chinese characters and to improve the level of philosophical thinking. Therefore, the author is willing to convey his profound and exciting experience to the reader.

The purpose of this book in analyzing and revealing ancient Chinese characters is to make the complex and subjective abstract things become rational and concrete in Chinese characters, which can be cognized by feeling. It can be beneficial to enlighten the wisdom of children to adolescents, to youth, to middle age, and even to the elderly, to truly understand the true meaning of each ancient Chinese character, to help people to understand the ancient Chinese characters from difficult to understand, difficult to understand the feeling of lax interpretation.

The historical investigation of the formation of ancient Chinese characters in this book breaks through the old cage of mysterious Chinese characters, which is completely in line with the regularity of the development of Chinese characters. Ancient Chinese characters ranged from nearly 2000 characters in oracle bone inscriptions to the stages of Jin, Dingwen, Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan, Li script, and to the regular script stage: Xu Shenshi had 9354 characters in the Eastern Han Dynasty and 47043 words in the Kangxi Dictionary (Qing Dynasty, 1716 AD). To modern daily use of simplified Chinese characters in less than 10000 words; This is a history of five or six thousand years of development of Chinese characters. All this shows that the formation, formation and development of Chinese characters, regardless of their origin, are a bombardment to the participation of millions of people. A strong cause cannot be accomplished by an individual; Of course, the role played by outstanding figures such as Cangjie in the creation or integration of Chinese characters in the formation and development of Chinese characters should also be affirmed. However, any mysterious idea that history can be attributed to the role of individuals should be abandoned.

This book has inherited, challenged and even negated the writings of ancient Chinese characters experts (mainly Xu Shen et al.) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This is not surprising, for the author is a modern man. As a modern people, the level of cognition of the world is always consistent with the height of knowledge, and the height of knowledge is determined by the level of social productive forces and the development of social relations of production. Therefore, with regard to the author's different views from those of his predecessors, it is hoped that the reader will understand the author's scientific exploration spirit and, at the same time, he will be able to sharpen some of the rough conclusions in the book. Discuss each other to make the conclusion more scientific.

The first draft of the book was formed in 2008, with hundreds of 'sample booklets' in the middle of which some readers met, but the actual official publication, that is now the case. It is true that it has been a long time, but it is also a pleasure to have a lot of my new research in between from the first draft to the present version. Moreover, the forefathers' magic wisdom on Chinese characters can return to the true, brilliant, and unfolded in the eyes of the world. At the same time, as a result of my painstaking and painstaking research, I have finally been able to publish, which is indeed a great good thing that deserves our common happiness. ! Now coincides with the renaissance of Chinese civilization, the day of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. I sincerely hope that this book will contribute to the development of ancient Chinese characters in the Chinese cultural circle and the world, to the rejuvenation of Chinese civilization and to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Liu Dongwen

Beijing, 18 May 2015

序

世界古代存在過(guò)古中華文明、古印度文明、古埃及文明、古希臘文明、古瑪雅文明等五大古老文明。在歷史的長(zhǎng)河中，至今只有古中華文明碩果僅存，而其他四大古文明早已消失殆盡。其他四大古文明的文字載體也早已消失，在其文化廢墟上生長(zhǎng)出今天的拼音文字，而其古文字成為當(dāng)今世人難以弄懂的古董。只有古中華文明及其載體——古漢字，至今照樣活在中華民族的心中，并且依然生機(jī)盎然，具有遠(yuǎn)大輝煌的發(fā)展前途。

當(dāng)今世界上流行的拼音文字只是人們發(fā)音的記錄，拼音文字本身不具有科學(xué)性。古漢字與拼音文字有很大的不同，她不是聲音的記錄；中國(guó)境內(nèi)數(shù)以千計(jì)的不同方言，對(duì)同一個(gè)漢字有諸多種的讀音就充分說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。

古漢字中有數(shù)百個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的象形字和擬聲字，它們就是漢字中的偏旁部首。現(xiàn)在的漢字字典中認(rèn)可的有300個(gè)偏旁部首，在以往古漢字研究書(shū)中則有540個(gè)偏旁部首。這些偏旁部首其外觀都有具象性，即是自然界某些具體事物的外在表象，它們往往是看得見(jiàn)、摸得著、聞得到的，在漢字中，這些象形字被稱(chēng)為“文”。而這300來(lái)個(gè)“文”，通過(guò)兩個(gè)以上偏旁部首（也可稱(chēng)為“文”）的科學(xué)組合而成的則是“字”，則占漢字中的絕大多數(shù)?？梢哉f(shuō)“字”不是“象形字”，但是，“字”卻具有“象形字”的象形特點(diǎn)，不過(guò)漢字雖然具有這種特點(diǎn)，卻不可稱(chēng)之為“象形字”，因?yàn)椋鼈儾皇莻€(gè)別的具體意義上的象形，而是一般的、普遍意義上的“象形”。換言之，這些“字”本身，它們中的任何一個(gè)字都不是某個(gè)具體事物的象形，而是一群或者一類(lèi)事物的共同特色或者是“共性”。如同“男”字，表示的不是個(gè)別的、具體的男，而是一群耕種在田間的男性的共同特征。因此，簡(jiǎn)單稱(chēng)漢字為象形字，就是以偏概全，或者張冠李戴了，是對(duì)漢字一種不科學(xué)的稱(chēng)呼。根據(jù)我的研究結(jié)果，我更愿意稱(chēng)漢字是“理性字”，一種從感性具體上升到理性具體的字。關(guān)于這個(gè)結(jié)論，因?yàn)樯婕耙粋€(gè)復(fù)雜的哲學(xué)概念，我建議各位讀者去看一下我在書(shū)中的“絕大多數(shù)漢字是理性字”的闡述。

絕大部分的古漢字則是應(yīng)用感性具體到科學(xué)理性的具體，來(lái)表達(dá)先祖對(duì)于客觀世界的復(fù)雜事物和主觀世界的各種抽象事物的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程；古漢字具有深刻揭示各種事物規(guī)律的科學(xué)性。對(duì)于客觀世界以及主觀世界各種事物的表達(dá)上，古漢字展現(xiàn)出杰出的靈性和科學(xué)性。古漢字的各個(gè)部首是對(duì)自然界各種可見(jiàn)的、可以感知的簡(jiǎn)單具體事物的象形字。古漢字用字的部首的組合方法，來(lái)科學(xué)理性具體的揭示事物的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)和規(guī)律性。從古漢字在漫長(zhǎng)形成的歷史過(guò)程中就揭示出，具體到每一個(gè)漢字身上，從表現(xiàn)它的文字不斷變化上，就表明早期人們認(rèn)知世界的幼稚性，直到后來(lái)才是成熟性的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程；漢字認(rèn)知上的這種過(guò)程與人類(lèi)逐漸認(rèn)知世界的規(guī)律是基本一致的。古漢字能夠比較科學(xué)地反映其表達(dá)的各種事物，這閃爍著以漢族為主體的中華民族古代先民（應(yīng)當(dāng)包括我國(guó)56個(gè)民族先祖都在內(nèi)），持續(xù)不斷地探索和認(rèn)知世界的聰明智慧和杰出能力。

作者在對(duì)古漢字的研究過(guò)程中，對(duì)于古漢字的科學(xué)神奇的特點(diǎn)逐步產(chǎn)生了較深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。古漢字的神奇智慧有令自己耳目一新、茅塞頓開(kāi)的感受。這種探索對(duì)于深刻認(rèn)識(shí)漢字的真實(shí)含義及其精神實(shí)質(zhì)，以及提升自己的哲學(xué)思維水平，都是很有價(jià)值的。因此，作者愿意把自己的這種深刻又令人振奮的體會(huì)傳達(dá)給讀者。

本書(shū)對(duì)古漢字的分析和揭密，目的是讓人們對(duì)復(fù)雜的和主觀抽象的事物，在漢字中變成理性具體的、可以通過(guò)感覺(jué)來(lái)認(rèn)知的事物；能夠有益于啟迪從幼兒到少年、到青年、到中年、乃至老年人的智慧，有益于真正理解每個(gè)古漢字的真實(shí)含義；有助于人們從對(duì)古漢字難認(rèn)、難以理解的感覺(jué)到渙然冰釋。

本書(shū)對(duì)于古漢字形成的歷史考察，突破了把漢字神秘化的舊籠子，這是完全符合漢字發(fā)展的規(guī)律性的。古漢字從甲骨文的近2000文字，到金文、鼎文階段，到大篆、小篆、隸書(shū)階段，到楷書(shū)階段：東漢許慎時(shí)漢字為9354字，到《康熙字典》（清，公元1716年）47043字，到現(xiàn)代日常使用的簡(jiǎn)體漢字在10000字以?xún)?nèi)；這是漢字五六千年的發(fā)展歷史。這都表明漢字無(wú)論其初創(chuàng)，其形成，其發(fā)展，都是千百萬(wàn)人民群眾參加的一番轟轟烈烈的事業(yè)，不是個(gè)別人所能成就的；當(dāng)然，如倉(cāng)頡等在杰出人物在漢字形成發(fā)展中的漢字首創(chuàng)或者整合上所起的作用也是應(yīng)當(dāng)加以肯定的，但是，任何把歷史歸結(jié)為個(gè)別人作用的神秘觀念都是應(yīng)當(dāng)摒棄的。

本書(shū)對(duì)于我國(guó)古漢字的文字專(zhuān)家（主要是東漢 許慎等）的著述，既有繼承的一面，也有挑戰(zhàn)的一面，甚至有否定的一面。這是不奇怪的，因?yàn)樽髡咭呀?jīng)是現(xiàn)代化的人。作為現(xiàn)代化的人們對(duì)于世界事物的認(rèn)知水平，總是與人們所站的知識(shí)高度相一致的，而知識(shí)高度則是由社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和社會(huì)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的發(fā)展水平?jīng)Q定的。因此，對(duì)于書(shū)中作者與前人不同的觀點(diǎn)，希望讀者能夠理解作者的科學(xué)探索精神，同時(shí)對(duì)于書(shū)中有的還顯粗糙的結(jié)論，能夠如琢如磨，互相探討，使結(jié)論更趨科學(xué)性。

本書(shū)初稿形成于2008年，中間有過(guò)幾百本“樣書(shū)”與部分讀者見(jiàn)面，但是真正的正式出版發(fā)行，那是現(xiàn)在的事情。可以說(shuō)的確是歷經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期磨難了，但是，從初稿到現(xiàn)在的版本，中間又有了我的許多研究新成果補(bǔ)充進(jìn)來(lái)，也是一件很愉快的事情。而且，先祖在漢字上的神奇智慧能夠如和氏璧那樣去璞返真，光輝燦爛，展現(xiàn)在世人的眼前；同時(shí)，作為我的一番苦心孤詣刻苦研究出來(lái)的成果也終于能夠出版了，的確是很值得我們共同為之高興的大好事！現(xiàn)在恰逢中華文明復(fù)興騰飛之時(shí)，中華民族復(fù)興騰飛之日。我忠誠(chéng)地希望本書(shū)，能夠?yàn)?span>古漢字在中華文化圈和世界范圍發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，為中華文明的復(fù)興騰飛，為中華民族的復(fù)興騰飛，作出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。

劉東汶

2015年5月18日于北京