遇到大型python項(xiàng)目，如何定位問(wèn)題和監(jiān)控程序的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)是一個(gè)程序員必須掌握的技能，今天小編為你帶來(lái)python程序的單步調(diào)試方法，方便易用，簡(jiǎn)單易記！
首先你需要在所調(diào)試程序的開(kāi)頭中：import pdb 并在你的代碼行設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)：pdb.set_trace()
def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist): global sArge sArge='' args = [] #對(duì)于get請(qǐng)求，將參數(shù)組合 if reqmethod.upper()=='GET': for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]): if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None": ArgValue = Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) if '$$' in ArgValue:#走關(guān)聯(lián)分支 args = ArgValue.split('$$') #print args corvalue = Correl(args[0], args[1], args[2]) pdb.set_trace() #######這兒設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)，程序運(yùn)行到此處就開(kāi)始了單步調(diào)試########### if corvalue == []: sArge = 'correlerr' #return sArge #infolog="關(guān)聯(lián)失敗" #ret1 = 'NG' #Data.write_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, 15,infolog,NG_COLOR) #write_result(Date, SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, 16, ret1) else: sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+corvalue[0]+'&' else: sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+ArgValue+'&' #print sArge #去掉結(jié)尾的&字符 if sArge[-1:]=='&': sArge = sArge[0:-1] #sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #為了post和get分開(kāi)方便，不在這里組合接口名，在調(diào)用的地方組合接口名。 return sArge #對(duì)于post請(qǐng)求，因?yàn)椴恢肋B接格式是=還是冒號(hào)，或者是其他的格式，所以不做拼接。直接取參數(shù)的第一個(gè)作為上傳body。 else: sArge=Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, 3) if '$$' in sArge:#走關(guān)聯(lián)分支 args = sArge.split('$$') #print args corvalue = Correl(args[0], args[1], args[2]) if corvalue == []: sArge = 'correlerr' return sArge else: return sArge
程序開(kāi)始之后pdb調(diào)試界面：
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(253)HTTPInvoke() -> if reqmethod.upper()=="GET": (Pdb) l #執(zhí)行命令l,會(huì)顯示出當(dāng)前代碼的上下文，下面的‘->’就是當(dāng)前即將執(zhí)行的代碼
248 def HTTPInvoke(url,requestUri):
249 proto,rest=urllib.splittype(url)
250 host,rest =urllib.splithost(rest)
251 conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)
252 pdb.set_trace()
253 -> if reqmethod.upper()=="GET":
254 print url
255 conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
256 rsps = conn.getresponse()
257 if rsps.status==200:
258 data = rsps.read()
(Pdb) reqmethod.upper() #可以直接輸入相關(guān)變量名稱(chēng)來(lái)查看當(dāng)前變量的值
'GET'
(Pdb) n #n就是next的意思就是執(zhí)行下一行
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(254)HTTPInvoke()
-> print url
(Pdb) b 260 #設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)
Breakpoint 1 at c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py:260
(Pdb) n
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(254)HTTPInvoke()
-> print url
(Pdb)
http://yue.sogou.com/api/h5/v1/history/recharge/list?pageNo=1&pageSize=1
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(255)HTTPInvoke()
-> conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
(Pdb) s # 上面通過(guò)執(zhí)行n程序運(yùn)行到調(diào)用函數(shù)的地方，使用s可以進(jìn)入函數(shù)內(nèi)部
--Call--
> c:\python27\lib\httplib.py(1040)request()
-> def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
(Pdb) a # 顯示當(dāng)前所有棧變量的值
self = <httplib.HTTPConnection instance at 0x03A8CE68>
method = GET
url = http://yue.sogou.com/api/h5/v1/history/recharge/list?pageNo=1&pageSize=1
body = None
headers = {'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cookie': 'SUV=004C0C0F6FCA67CB585CD8F53FC5D135; CXID=647977743F187E018526B8ECA587A052; IPLOC=CN1100; OPENID=6D4569C5D00A35876E60A94E34D685AD; pgv_pvi=2641157120; _ga=GA1.2.2141014782.1484890447; ssuid=5496173722; SMYUV=1485154923097202; sgsa_id=sogou.com|1486180882291442; GOTO=Af99046; clientId=291C8B8E05B2647F206981AD04136539; JSESSIONID=aaa_iPLt7BVjahJ1G5GOv; SNUID=FB57E5402F2A672762F7CB303085C13A; ld=uRGSyZllll2YYa4WlllllVAtUeYlllllWTieMkllll9llllljylll5@@@@@@@@@@; LSTMV=316%2C266; LCLKINT=3486; sct=61; ad=jkllllllll2Yg2o@lllllVANab9lllllbDIXhZllllwllllljOxlw@@@@@@@@@@@; SUID=7BC6CA017F430E0A0000000052256039; YYID=AA6E39EBC7D6CC4AA0839B4929E7511C; usid=pp63hL5QOQSxi2gw; sgid=AViadNOrPzjYb8SzAw5wsq5g', 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0'}
(Pdb) l
1035 self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
1036 else:
1037 raise CannotSendHeader()
1038 self._send_output(message_body)
1039
1040 -> def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
1041 """Send a complete request to the server."""
1042 self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
1043
1044 def _set_content_length(self, body, method):
1045 # Set the content-length based on the body. If the body is "empty", we
(Pdb) r #命令r返回到前面所進(jìn)入函數(shù)的末尾
--Return--
> c:\python27\lib\httplib.py(1042)request()->None
-> self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
(Pdb) l # 可以通過(guò)l驗(yàn)證一下當(dāng)前程序執(zhí)行的位置
1037 raise CannotSendHeader()
1038 self._send_output(message_body)
1039
1040 def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
1041 """Send a complete request to the server."""
1042 -> self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
1043
1044 def _set_content_length(self, body, method):
1045 # Set the content-length based on the body. If the body is "empty", we
1046 # set Content-Length: 0 for methods that expect a body (RFC 7230,
1047 # Section 3.3.2). If the body is set for other methods, we set the
(Pdb) r # 再執(zhí)行r返回到調(diào)用該函數(shù)的地方
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(256)HTTPInvoke()
-> rsps = conn.getresponse()
(Pdb) l
251 conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)
252 pdb.set_trace()
253 if reqmethod.upper()=="GET":
254 print url
255 conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
256 -> rsps = conn.getresponse()
257 if rsps.status==200:
258 data = rsps.read()
259 data = str(data)
260 B conn.close()
261 return data
(Pdb) c #執(zhí)行命令c繼續(xù)運(yùn)行程序，直到斷點(diǎn)就停留在此位置，上面設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)的命令“b 260”260表示第多少行
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(260)HTTPInvoke()
-> conn.close()
(Pdb) l
255 conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
256 rsps = conn.getresponse()
257 if rsps.status==200:
258 data = rsps.read()
259 data = str(data)
260 B-> conn.close()
261 return data
262 elif rsps.status==301 or rsps.status==302:
263 headerstr=rsps.getheaders()
264 for i in headerstr:
265 if i[0].lower()=='location':
(Pdb) pp data # pp 打印某個(gè)變量的值
'{"code":0,"data":{"pageCount":0,"pageList":[],"pageNo":1,"pageSize":1,"totalCount":0},"msg":"\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8a\x9f"}'
(Pdb)
總結(jié)：上面的程序是本人私有，因而不能全部上傳，在練習(xí)pdb時(shí)，建議使用自己的程序，pdb單步調(diào)試方法總結(jié)如下：
命令
|
解釋 |
|
|
break 或 b 設(shè)置斷點(diǎn) |
設(shè)置斷點(diǎn) |
|
continue 或 c |
繼續(xù)執(zhí)行程序 |
|
list 或 l |
查看當(dāng)前行的代碼段 |
|
step 或 s |
進(jìn)入函數(shù) |
|
return 或 r |
執(zhí)行代碼直到從當(dāng)前函數(shù)返回 |
|
exit 或 q |
中止并退出 |
|
next 或 n |
執(zhí)行下一行 |
|
pp |
打印變量的值 |
|
a |
查看全部棧內(nèi)變量 |
