先從headline開始吧。

注意：Headline和我們理解的“頭條”有差別。headline指那種大字標題。我們說的頭條一般在報紙頭版最顯眼的地方，叫front-page headline。換句話說，下面這種news story的大標題，就叫headline，也是我們常說的title。headlines在廣播電視新聞中也指新聞概要。

吸引我們的往往是這個headline。比如我對咖啡、養(yǎng)生比較感興趣，這個headline中吸引我的，首先是coffee formula——什么叫“咖啡公式”呢？

標題的幾個特點：第一它無需嚴格遵守語法，只需要突出關(guān)鍵詞即可。第二它需要做到eye-catching，所以會用一驚一乍的表達，總之要讓我們印象深刻，所以在這里，我們能pick up 到很多俚語成語什么的。比如這個headline中的full of beans——馬吃飽了豆子就很有力氣——所以其實他就是full of energy的意思。

我們的第一個note——

NOTES：full of beans

如果你連開頭都沒猜對，那就看看后半句吧：how much caffeine you need to avoid tiredness，這回coffee formula的意思差不多了。這篇文章講什么？我們每天需要喝多少咖啡。

我們中文的新聞標題分主標題和副標題，比如上面這個標題，在中文報紙中，會寫成“【主標題】咖啡公式”，然后另起一行“【副標題】你需要多少咖啡因保持精力充沛……”

在網(wǎng)絡版的報紙新聞中，標題之后、正文之前，會有這幾行字，它的作用既像subtitle（副標題）、又像news quotes（引語），把本文的要點列出來。

· A revolutionary algorithm developed by the US military tells you how much caffeine you need to consume

· The method was developed so sleep deprived soldiers have enough energy

· Scientists found an exact measure of caffeine could stop fatigue and keep troops focused

By GEORGIA EDKINS FOR THE DAILY MAIL

PUBLISHED: 01:44 BST, 23 July 2018 | UPDATED: 02:50 BST, 23 July 2018

這部分內(nèi)容建議重點看，大部分時候這幾句話，就決定我們是否需要認真地讀下去（因為要點、結(jié)論都在這里面了）。如果要寫summary，這個部分就是最好的例子。

關(guān)于單詞的問題：有些單詞——比如屬于AWL的，值得我們多加關(guān)注，無論是你熟悉還是陌生的。例如consume，這里面就有個很典型的搭配例子consume + caffeine。

這就有了我們第二個note——

NOTES

consume + caffeine

stop + fatigue （后面會看到stave off tiredness）

Develop + method

英語新聞，開頭那一段一般是導語，叫newslead。這是最關(guān)鍵的，一般我們閱讀考試中，總有一個題目，考main idea，其實大部分情況下，這個導語部分就能解決問題了。

There has always been an art to making a good coffee – and now there is a science.

A revolutionary algorithm that tells you how much caffeine you need to consume to stave off tiredness has been developed by the US military.

The ingenious method – that will no doubt be welcomed by commuters up and down the country - was developed by the US Army and Department of Defense so that soldiers have enough energy when they are sleep-deprived.

我們都熟悉新聞閱讀（其實所有閱讀都是）的5W+1H法則。其實在這個lead中，我們可以獲得這些信息：

1. What（說什么事情）——how much caffeine

2. Who（和誰有關(guān)系）——你我這些需要咖啡提神的普通人

3. How（結(jié)論怎么來）——developed by the US military

4. When和where——看來不重要，重要的是結(jié)論

5. Why（為什么研究）——軍方研究咖啡，為了soldiers have enough energy when they are sleep-deprived

在此過程中，我們遇到一些詞匯，有些當時認識即可（比如algorithm “算法”）、有些能猜到即可（例如ingenious肯定是褒義詞；stave off 應該和fight against差不多） 。除非你自己喜歡某個新學的表達，想今后拿出來炫耀一番，于是第三個note——

NOTES

sleep-deprived缺乏睡眠的

Commuters 通勤者

（我們不如這樣記住它：sleep-deprived commuters——想像一下早高峰時地鐵上那些困倦的小白領們）

Newslead之后的部分，叫做body。

Scientists found an exact measure of caffeine could stop fatigue and keep troops focused in order to avoid catastrophic and possibly life-threatening consequences out in the field.

But non-military personnel may also take advantage of the guidelines to stay alert.

Research based on decades of sleep-deprivation studies advises those who do not get enough rest to consume 200 milligrams of caffeine – or two regular cups of coffee - when they wake up and another 200 milligrams four hours later.

Those who work nights are told to consume 200 milligrams at the beginning of the shift. A regular coffee has about 100 milligrams of caffeine.

But timings may change as the algorithm takes into account how much someone has slept and works out a personalised caffeine regime in the hope to boost a person's efficiency by up to 40 per cent.

Someone who has slept for five hours and wakes up at 6am may have their first cup of coffee at 7am and their second at 9am.

Jaques Reifman, a senior research scientist who helped develop the algorithm told the Wall Street Journal:‘If you could come to work, drink caffeine and have your mental acuity improved by 40 per cent for four hours, wouldn't you like that? That's what we're trying to do here.’

At the moment, the software is not in the public domain but Army top brass hope to license the technology and create a smartphone app. A simplified version of the mathematical method and guidelines is available on website, 2B Alert.

Particularly special is the algorithm's ability to learn, so that over time it will remember the user's habits and tailor their caffeine regime accordingly.

句子分析：劃分“名詞詞組（詞塊）”的兩種常見的、后置的定語——分詞定語和定語從句。例如這句：

Research based on decades of sleep-deprivation studies advises those who do not get enough rest to consume 200 milligrams of caffeine – or two regular cups of coffee - when they wake up and another 200 milligrams four hours later.

第一個名詞詞塊：Research + based on decades of sleep-deprivation studies（根據(jù)幾十年來對于睡眠缺乏癥的研究）這個名詞詞塊做主語。

第二個名詞詞塊：those + who do not get enough rest（那些睡眠不足的人們）這個詞塊做賓語。

句子信息：研究建議這類人醒來時攝入200毫克的咖啡因——即喝兩份中杯咖啡——四小時后再喝兩杯。

Those who work nights are told to consume 200 milligrams at the beginning of the shift. A regular coffee has about 100 milligrams of caffeine.

句子信息：熬夜工作的人應該在一開始先喝兩杯咖啡，每一杯含咖啡因100毫克。

Someone who has slept for five hours and wakes up at 6am may have their first cup of coffee at 7am and their second at 9am.

句子信息：睡眠了五小時到早上6點起床的話，7點喝第一杯、9點喝第二杯，這樣可以迅速恢復40%的精力。

這里出現(xiàn)第四個note——

NOTES

Shift

takes into account

boost a person's efficiency

Top brass

tailor their caffeine regime

（哪些詞需要注意呢？舊詞新用法、閱讀高頻詞——如AWL）

OK，我們現(xiàn)在review一下今天的內(nèi)容：

新聞的構(gòu)成分四部分

1. Headline或title，這里面會出現(xiàn)一些有趣的表達法；

2. Subtitle或news quotes，這部分就是個summary；

3. Newslead出現(xiàn)在正文開頭段，從內(nèi)容上全是干貨；

4. Body部分是文章詳細陳述的，注意里面的詞和個別句子。

作為泛讀的一種素材，我們需要從三個方面學習

1. 三類詞匯：舊詞新用法（詞義和搭配）、閱讀高頻詞、以及你覺得有趣的詞。

這是今天學習的十組詞：

full of beans

consume + caffeine

stop + fatigue = stave off tiredness）

Develop + method

sleep-deprived + Commuters 缺乏睡眠的通勤者

Shift

takes into account

boost a person's efficiency

Top brass （高層官員）

tailor their caffeine regime

2. 燒腦句子 ：一般是結(jié)構(gòu)特殊、或復雜的長句（本文主要是名詞的后置修飾）

這是今天分析的三個句子（粗體是修飾語）：

Research based on decades of sleep-deprivation studies advises thosewho do not get enough rest to consume 200 milligrams of caffeine – or two regular cups of coffee - when they wake up and another 200 milligrams four hours later.

Those who work nights are told to consume 200 milligrams at the beginning of the shift. A regular coffee has about 100 milligrams of caffeine.

Someone who has slept for five hours and wakes up at 6 am may have their first cup of coffee at 7 am and their second at 9 am.

3. 實用信息：如果你昨天睡眠不足、今天還要強打精神，那么四杯咖啡能讓你恢復40%的能量值。但是時間把握很關(guān)鍵。

（1）醒來兩杯、四小時后兩杯；

（2）如果睡了五小時，那么醒來一小時后、兩小時后各一杯——根據(jù)自己的作息規(guī)律，參照此法調(diào)整。