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史上最全的英語動詞不定式(建議收藏)

 CHEN阿錨 2018-08-25

史上最全的英語動詞不定式(建議收藏)

1、 基礎知識清單 不定式有倆種表現(xiàn)方式,一種是帶to的不定式,一種是省略to的不定式。 不定式不能做謂語,但它具有動詞的一些特征,如可以帶有自己的賓語、狀語、及邏輯主語等。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。2、 考點分類剖析考點一:動詞不定式的時態(tài)1) 一般式(to do):表示的動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后后發(fā)生,如: E.g. I want to have a holiday as soon as possible. He seems to know the secret.2) 完成式(to have done):表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前就發(fā)生了E.g. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.3) 進行式(to be doing):表示或者強調其動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生 E.g. This city seems to be getting more and more crowded.4) 完成進行式(to have been doing ):表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生,并仍在進行,而且還可能繼續(xù)下去 E.g. Tom seems to have been watching TV for a long time.考點二:動詞不定式的語態(tài)1) 當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式要用被動形式(to be done) E.g. He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.2) 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關系時,不定式用主動形式,如:E.g. Have you got a key to unlock the door?3) 不定式前面的名詞或代詞與不定式構成邏輯上的動賓關系,但又與該句的主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系的時候,不定式常用主動形式,如: E.g. I have got a letter to write. He needs a room to live in.4) 不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,和句子中的主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時,不定式多用主動形式,如 E.g. The book is difficult for us to understand.5) 如果強調句中動作的承受者時,亦可用不定式的被動式,上面的句子可以寫成: E.g. The book is difficult for us to be understood.考點三:動詞不定式的句法功能 由于動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,所以動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。1) 作主語 E.g. To ask him for help is necessary. To ignore this might have serious consequences. 注意:動詞不定式做主語時,常用it來作形式主語,把真正的不定式或不定式短語放在后面,如:E.g. To talk with him is a great pleasure.=It is a great pleasure to talk with him.E.g. Her wish is to become a pop star.She does not seem to like the idea.2) 作賓語1  常用動詞不定式作賓語的有:want、hope、wish、offer、fail、plan、learn、pretend、refuse、manage、help、agree、promise、prefer、afford、ask、decide、except、intend etc. E.g. ou must learn to look after yourself.2  若不定式后面有賓語補足語,則用it來作形式賓語,把真正的 賓語放在補足語的后面,如:E.g. I find to work with him interesting.3) 作定語1  不定式作定語的時候,須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面;不定式常和它修飾的詞有動賓關系;如果這個不定式是不及物的,它后面必須要有介詞. E.g. There is nothing to think about. We must find a room to live in.2  不定式用來修飾已經(jīng)被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no、all、any等限定的中心詞,且與中心詞為主動關系 E.g. He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal. = I find it interesting to work with him.4) 作賓補1  動詞不定式在feel、hear、see、watch、notice、observe等感官動詞以及have、let、make等使役性動詞后面作賓語補足語時,不定式符號要省略;但若是這些句子變成被動語態(tài)結構時,就必須帶to,如: E.g. I saw him cross the street. He was seen to cross the street.2  不定式可以和名詞或代詞構成復合賓語(即“賓語+賓補”結構); 常跟不定式作賓補的動詞有:ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、encourage、prefer、expect、order、wish等;而且有些動詞常跟“to be +形容詞”構成的復合結構,如think,consider, imagine, prove, understand, find, know, suppose等,如: E.g. The doctor advised him to have a good rest. We proved the facts to be correct.5) 作狀語1  作目的狀語E.g. I got up early in order to catch up the first bus.2  在某些形容詞后面作狀語E.g. I am glad to see you again./ Nice to meet you.3  作結果狀語? …only to 表示出乎意料的結果E.g. I hurried to the postoffice, only to find it closed.? Too…to… 太……而不能……E.g. The girl is too young to dress himself? 當too前有only修飾時,即“only too…to…”,表肯定意義E.g. I am only too pleased to help you.? 當too…to…前有表示否定意義的詞的時候,表肯定意義E.g. We are never too old to learn.考點四:“疑問詞+不定式”結構1) 疑問代詞who,what,which 和疑問副詞when,where,how等后面加上不定式,構成具有名詞作用的短語,可以用作主語,表語和賓語等。2) 在tell,know,advise,teach,find out,decide,discuss等動詞后常用“疑問詞+不定式”這一結構 E.g. When to start has not been decided.(作主語) The question is how to put the plan into practice.(作賓語) No one could tell me where to find the book.(作賓語)考點五:動詞不定式省略to的特殊形式1) 動詞不定式在but、other than后面的時候,如果but和other than 前面行為動詞do的某種形式的話,那么其后的不定式要省略to(否則要帶to) E.g. He can do nothing but / other than wait. He had no choice but to wait.2) 在cannot choose but 、cannot help but (只好)、cannot but(只好)、had better、would rather等后面的不定式也要省略to E.g. I cannot but agree to his terms. I would rather stay than do anything else.

史上最全的英語動詞不定式(建議收藏)

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