【英語】干貨！高考英語完形填空整體分析答題技巧！

龍07w1bwqyu8v5 2018-05-26

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一、常見體裁

（一）記敘文——情節(jié)性

1、特點：故事性、情節(jié)性、理解較容易。

2、明確六個要素：時間、地點、人物、故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局。

3、核心：故事的展開。

4、做題：明確事件內(nèi)容、理清故事發(fā)展線索。

（二）說明文——條理性

了解主題明確條理是關(guān)鍵。認知過程從段落、分層次、分要點等逐步展開。

（三）議論文——邏輯性

了解觀點（論點）和論據(jù)（道理）。闡述觀點，自圓其說（正反雙方），環(huán)環(huán)相扣，表達嚴謹。

（四）常見題材

社會生活、人物傳記、科技文化、歷史地理、政治經(jīng)濟。因此考生平時要廣聞博覽、針對性閱讀，豐富閱讀面。

二、題目設(shè)計特點

（一）首句不設(shè)空

（二）上下文邏輯關(guān)系

完形填空不僅考察詞匯、搭配、語法等獨立知識，而且還考察它們不同語境下構(gòu)成的相應(yīng)意義。做完形填空試題時必須首先明確上下文的的邏輯關(guān)系和意義。

1、因果：as a result, consequently, thus, therefore, for this reason, for that reason, because of, on account of, so that, due to, owing to…

2、列舉：for instance, for example, that is , namely, specifically, one example is , such as…

3、遞進：not only…but also,,,. as well as, moreover, besides, and, neither…nor…, both…and…

4、比較：compare with / to, like, in the same way, similarly, unlike, as well as, by contrast…

5、對比：although, while, but, but at the same time, despite, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of , nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, regardless, still, though, yet…

6、轉(zhuǎn)折：but, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, whereas, while, yet, still, although, even though,in spite of…

7、強調(diào)：indeed, certainly, above all, in addition, in fact, after all, especially, (in) particular (ly), it is true, of course…

8、條件：if, in case, suppose, provided that, as long as…

9、時間：after that, from now on, next, from then on, first, then, secondly, finally, former, previous, meantime, since, since then, after a while, soon, as soon as, before, earlier, until, immediately, in the past, lately, now , shortly, so far, when…

10、空間：over, above, inside, outside, beside, across, between, before, below, close to, in front of, in the center of, nearby,near to, on top of, on the other side, opposite to, to the east,to the left…

11、順序：again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, further more, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too…

12、總結(jié)：in short, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in other words, in summary, on the whole…

（三）語義干擾

設(shè)置語義干擾可以在有限篇幅盡可能地多考察知識點、語言點，全面考查語言功底和語言運用能力。

1.炸藥威力相當——詞義相近

例1：Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 15 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “Once we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on, not repeated.”
A) refuse B) prohibit
C) prevent D) avoid

例2：Friendship appears to be a unique form of human bonding.Unlike marriage or the ties that bind parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by 8 .
A) discipline B) law
C) rule D) regulation

2.炸藥類型相同——詞性相同

We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to 89 in a difficult language.
A) telling B) uttering
C) saying D) speaking

3.糖衣花色相似——詞形相近

Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be easily connected to loss of international 74 .
A) competitiveness B) comprehension
C) community D) commitment

4.引爆裝置相似——語法結(jié)構(gòu)

…but a bird has a single alarm cry, 75 means “danger!”
A) this B) that C) which D) it

（四）語法知識

?？颊Z法項目有：

1、名次單復數(shù)；2、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)；

3、形容詞和副詞的一般級、比較級和最高級；

4、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和不定式；

5、定語從句；6、賓語從句；

7、虛擬語氣；8、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

（五）習慣用法與固定搭配

Students can learn the right answers   82   heart in class, and yet never combined them   83   their working models of the world.
A) to              B) by
C) in             D) with

（六）詞匯辨析

Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the performance between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the position every time she leaned over to talk to him. Why do Americans display such 75 in a public place ?
A) attraction B) attention
C) affection D) motion

三、解題策略與應(yīng)試技巧

（一）通讀全文：

完形填空離不開文章，解題離不開上下文。通讀，了解文章大意，才能做到有的放矢。

（二）重視首句：

文章第一句話很重要，有指導性作用，理解中心思想。

（三）分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)及展開方式：

體裁分析。記敘文要把握故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò)；說明文要搞清文章范疇；議論文明確論點理順論證方式。

（四）分析文章時態(tài)：

時態(tài)提供了有效的背景信息，對選擇正確答案有提示作用。

Since we 4 all morning and were now feeling very tired, it's a pleasure to sit down.
A) shopped
B) had been shopping
C) were shopping
D) have been shopping

18 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.
A) By B) During
C) In D) Towards

（五）尋找信息詞：

一種反復出現(xiàn)的信息詞是提示文章中心內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。另一種則在一句或一段話中有暗示作用。

No one, least 4 all management, wants to listen to hysterical roar （歇斯底里的咆哮）.
A) over B) on
C) of D) towards

（六）借助語法知識：

1.名詞單復數(shù)

arm---arms; glass---glasses; time---times; paper---papers;fruit---fruits; food---foods; silk---silks; fish---fishes.

2.形容詞和副詞的一般級、比較級和最高級

（1）同級：as/ so…as; not so … as；not as…as…

（2）比較：twice, four times, ten times等與as…as結(jié)構(gòu)

a bit, a little, slightly, a great deal, a lot, many, much=不定量；

far, completely, still=程度進一步—

（3）最高：one of…of/ among all +三者以上名詞/代詞

3.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

全文時態(tài)、上下文關(guān)系以及時間狀語很重要。

4.分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞不定式

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞：主動和被動；現(xiàn)在和完成, 作狀語。表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨；也可作定語修飾名詞；注意分詞和邏輯主語搭配。

The more significant the task is , the more careful the planning 4 .
A) making B) prepared
C) required D) looks

5.定語從句

（1）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places  18 the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful.
A) there           B) when
C) which         D) where

（2）限制性和非限制性定語從句

（3）只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a. there be句型中只能用that,不用which;

b. 不定代詞anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little只能用that,不用which;

c. 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時用that；

d. 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時用that；

e. 先行詞既有人又有物時要用that。

6.賓語從句

（1）引導賓語從句的各種連詞

a. 連詞that起連詞作用，不作句子成分，口語中省略；

b. 連詞if , whether 起連接作用，不作句子成分，意義為“是否”，口語省略。

c. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how起連接作用，在句子中作成分，各自有各自意義。