MAD建筑事務(wù)所在北國冰城設(shè)計(jì)的哈爾濱大劇院近日終于竣工。MAD在2010年贏得“哈爾濱文化島”設(shè)計(jì)國際競(jìng)賽后，歷時(shí)6年完成哈爾濱大劇院的概念設(shè)計(jì)到建成竣工，并對(duì)市民文化中心和劇院周圍景觀濕地作出整體規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。哈爾濱大劇院是文化島的焦點(diǎn)，其規(guī)劃用地1.8平方公里，總建筑面積7.9萬平方米，由包含1600座的大劇場(chǎng)及400座的小劇場(chǎng)組成。

From the architect. MAD Architects unveils the completed Harbin Opera House, located in the Northern Chinese city of Harbin. In 2010, MAD won the international open competition for Harbin Cultural Island, a master plan for an operahouse, a cultural center, and the surrounding wetland landscape along Harbin’s Songhua River. The sinuous opera house is the focal point of the Cultural Island, occupying a building area of approximately 850,000 square feet of the site’s 444 acres total area. It features a grand theater that can host over 1,600 patrons and a smaller theater to accommodate anintimate audience of 400.

哈爾濱大劇院坐落在松花江北岸江畔，以風(fēng)與水為靈感，對(duì)周圍的濕地自然風(fēng)光與北國冰封的地貌特征作出回應(yīng)，成長為一座生于自然的靈動(dòng)溫和建筑。MAD的創(chuàng)始人馬巖松說道：“我們希望作為城市文化中心的哈爾濱大劇院，在擁有巨大表演藝術(shù)空?qǐng)龅睾统鞘泄部臻g的同時(shí)，也成為一處人文，藝術(shù)，自然相互融合的大地景觀。”

Embedded within Harbin’s wetlands, the Harbin Opera House was designed in response to the force and spirit of the northern city’suntamed wilderness and frigid climate. Appearing as if sculpted by wind and water, the building seamlessly blends in with nature and the topography—a transfusion of local identity, art, and culture. “We envision Harbin Opera House as a cultural center of the future – a tremendous performance venue, as well as a dramatic public space that embodies the integration of human, art and the city identity, while synergistically blending with the surrounding nature,”said Ma Yansong, founding principal, MAD Architects.

哈爾濱大劇院的建筑外立面采用白色鋁板包裹在與周邊自然景觀相吻合的優(yōu)美建筑形體上，那張力十足的動(dòng)感形體宛如雪峰，也宛如一首融入北國風(fēng)光的史詩。

On the exterior, the architecture references the sinuous landscape of the surrounding area. The resulting curvilinear fa?ade composed of smooth white aluminum panels becomes the poetry of edge and surface, softness and sharpness. The journey begins upon crossing the bridge onto Harbin Cultural Island, where the undulating architectural mass wraps a large public plaza, and during winter months, melts into the snowy winter environment.

大劇院大廳

The lobby of the grand theater

從大堂望向樓梯

View from side of the grand theater’s staircase

哈爾濱大劇院的內(nèi)部空間序列十分具有戲劇性。宏偉大堂的頂部有一個(gè)跨越整個(gè)大堂空間宛如飛龍?jiān)谔斓奶齑?，天窗上的金字塔般的結(jié)晶幕墻單元體就像是透明龍鱗，陽光從這里傾瀉而入，灑滿整個(gè)氣勢(shì)磅礴的大堂。在這里，豐富的光影與精練的材料還有戲劇性的空間共同作用，直擊人心，讓人終生難忘。

The architectural procession choreographs aconceptual narrative, one that transforms visitors into performers. Upon entering the grand lobby, visitors will see large transparent glass walls spanning the grand lobby, visually connecting the curvilinear interior with the swooping fa?ade and exterior plaza. Soaring above, a crystalline glass curtain wall soars over the grand lobby space with the support of a light weight diagrid structure. Comprised of glass pyramids, the surface alternates between smooth and faceted, referencing the billowing snow and ice of the frigid climate.Visitors are greeted with the simple opulence of natural light and materialsensation—all before taking their seat.

此外建筑師將溫暖的水曲柳木材做成環(huán)繞大劇場(chǎng)室內(nèi)外的曲面墻體，以簡單材料和精妙空間實(shí)現(xiàn)了世界級(jí)的聲學(xué)效果。精心設(shè)計(jì)的照明效果引導(dǎo)觀眾自然而然的進(jìn)入接下來的藝術(shù)表演世界中。

Presenting a warm and inviting element, the grand theater is clad in rich wood, emulating a wooden block that has been gently eroded away. Sculpted from Manchurian Ash, the wooden walls gently wrap around the main stage and theater seating. From the proscenium to the mezzanine balcony the grand theater’s use of simple materials and spatial configuration provides world-class acoustics. The grand theater is illuminated in part by asubtle skylight that connects the audience to the exterior and the passing of time.

小劇場(chǎng)大廳

Lobby of the small theater

小劇場(chǎng)的舞臺(tái)后方是一片巨大的隔音玻璃幕墻。這扇窗聯(lián)系自然與舞臺(tái)，讓小劇場(chǎng)能以自然為背景，成為室外環(huán)境延伸的一部分，激蕩出觀眾與藝術(shù)家之間的更多的藝術(shù)火花。

擁有全景窗戶，聯(lián)系景觀的小劇場(chǎng)

Panoramic window backdrops the small theater stage with the surrounding landscape

Within the second, smaller theater, the interior is connected seamlessly to the exterior by the large, panoramic window behind the performance stage. This wall of sound-proof glass provides a naturally scenic backdrop for performances and activates the stage as an extension of the outdoor environment, inspiring production opportunities.

可以欣賞到松花江全景的觀景屋頂平臺(tái)

Rooftop terrace with observation deck that provides panoramic views of Harbin and the Songhua River

哈爾濱大劇院是一座如同自然地形般的建筑，是一座允許人們能夠從四面八方自由達(dá)到的謙遜建筑。人們甚至能通過大劇院外立面上的通道，在這座“白色冰山”上進(jìn)行攀爬，到達(dá)筑頂部的露天劇場(chǎng)和觀景平臺(tái)，享受獨(dú)一無二的壯美哈爾濱城市全景。當(dāng)游客重返寬廣的地面廣場(chǎng)，宏偉的大堂空間正以開放的姿態(tài)迎接他們。

辦公區(qū)大廳

Office Lobby

Harbin Opera House emphasizes public interaction and participation with the building. Both ticket holders and the general public alike can explore the fa?ade’s carved paths and ascend the building as if traversing local topography. At the apex, visitors discover an open, exterior performance space that serves as an observation platform for visitors to survey the panoramic views of Harbin’s metropolitan skyline and the surrounding wetlands below. Upon descent, visitors return to the expansive public plaza, and are invited to explore the grand lobby space.

排練室

Rehearsal Room

歌劇院是極為復(fù)雜的建筑項(xiàng)目，但是MAD的創(chuàng)作遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了建筑學(xué)范疇，以一顆尊崇自然的心，妙手天公的完美囊括了復(fù)雜功能和建筑多樣化身份的訴求。這座與環(huán)境深深關(guān)聯(lián)，與人的精神產(chǎn)生共鳴的大劇院，也是人與自然的一座橋梁。

Surpassing the complex opera house typology,MAD articulates an architecture inspired by nature and saturated in local identity, culture and art. As the Harbin OperaHouse deepens the emotional connection of the public with the environment, the architecture is consequently theatrical in both its performance of narrative spaces and its context within the landscape.

一層平面圖

First Floor Plan

二層平面圖

Second Floor Plan

屋頂平面圖

Roof Plan

大劇場(chǎng)縱斷面

Longitudinal Section of the grand theater

大劇場(chǎng)橫斷面

Transversal Section of the grand theater

小劇場(chǎng)縱斷面

Longitudinal Section of the small section

項(xiàng)目信息

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：MAD建筑事務(wù)所

業(yè)主：哈爾濱松北投資發(fā)展集團(tuán)有限公司

項(xiàng)目位置：哈爾濱，黑龍江省，中國

主持建筑師：馬巖松，黨群, 早野洋介

建筑面積：79,000平方米

建筑高度：56米

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2010-2015

攝影：Hufton+Crow, Adam M?rk

Architects: MAD Architects

Location: Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Directors: Ma Yansong, Dang Qun, Yosuke Hayano

Area: 850000.0 ft2

Project Year: 2015

Photographs: Hufton+Crow, Adam M?rk

合作建筑師：北京市建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院幕墻顧問：英海特幕墻顧問公司，中國京冶工程技術(shù)有限公司BIM：鏗利科技有限公司景觀設(shè)計(jì)：北京土人景觀與規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：MAD建筑事務(wù)所 深圳市科源建設(shè)集團(tuán)有限公司室內(nèi)裝飾顧問：哈爾濱唯美源裝飾設(shè)計(jì)有限公司建筑聲學(xué)顧問：華東建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司聲學(xué)及劇院專項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)研究所建筑照明設(shè)計(jì)：中外建工程設(shè)計(jì)與顧問有限公司舞臺(tái)燈光和舞臺(tái)音響設(shè)計(jì)：華東建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司聲學(xué)及劇院專項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)研究所舞臺(tái)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)：北京新紀(jì)元建筑工程設(shè)計(jì)有限公司標(biāo)識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)：深圳市自由美標(biāo)識(shí)有限公司

Associate Engineers: Beijing Institute of Architectural Design

Fa?ade/cladding Consultants: Inhabit Group, China Jingye Engineering Co., Ltd.

BIM: Gehry Technologies Co., Ltd.

Landscape Architect: Turenscape, Earthasia Design Group

Interior Design: MAD Architects, Shenzhen Z&F Culture Construction Co., Ltd.

Lighting Design: Toryo International Lighting Design Center, Beijing United ArtistsLighting Design Co., Ltd.

Acoustic Consultants: Zhang Kuisheng Acoustics Research Institute of Shanghai ModernDesign Group

Stage Lighting Design: EKO Lighting Equipment Co., Ltd.

Stage Mechanical Engineers: Chinese PLA General Armament Institute of Engineering Design

Signage Design: Shenzhen Freesigns Signage Co., Ltd.

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：Jordan Kanter, Daniel Gillen, Bas van Wylick, 劉會(huì)英, 傅昌瑞, 趙偉, 李健 ,鄭芳, Julian Sattler, Jackob Beer, J Travis Russett, Sohith Perera, Colby Thomas Suter, 于魁, Philippe Brysse, 黃偉, Flora Lee, 王偉, 謝怡邦, Lyo Hengliu, Alexander Cornelius, Alex Gornelius, 毛蓓宏, Gianantonio Bongiorno, Jei Kim, 陳元宇, 于浩臣, 覃立超, Pil-Sun Ham, Mingyu Seol, 林國敏, 張海峽, 李廣崇, Wilson Wu, 馬寧, Davide Signorato, Nick Tran, 向玲, Gustavo Alfred Van Staveren, 楊杰

Design Team: Jordan Kanter, Daniel Gillen, Bas van Wylick, Liu Huiying, FuChangrui, Zhao Wei, Kin Li ,Zheng Fang, Julian Sattler, Jackob Beer, J TravisRussett, Sohith Perera, Colby Thomas Suter, Yu Kui, Philippe Brysse, Huang Wei,Flora Lee, Wang Wei, Xie Yibang, Lyo Hengliu, Alexander Cornelius, AlexGornelius, Mao Beihong, Gianantonio Bongiorno, Jei Kim, Chen Yuanyu, YuHaochen, Qin Lichao, Pil-Sun Ham, Mingyu Seol, Lin Guomin, Zhang Haixia, LiGuangchong, Wilson Wu, Ma Ning, Davide Signorato, Nick Tran, Xiang Ling,Gustavo Alfred Van Staveren, Yang Jie