什么是狀語？

狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。

1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.

2.To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day 4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.

狀語從句的定義

狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。

根據(jù)其作用狀語從句可分為：

1.時間狀語從句

2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句

3.原因狀語從句

4.條件狀語從句

5.目的狀語從句

6.讓步狀語從句

7.比較狀語從句

8.方式狀語從句

9.結(jié)果狀語從句

狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)

一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.

時間狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

No sooner had I arrived home, then it began to rain.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

表示“一 ……就……”

除as soon as外，還有三類：

名詞型——the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；

副詞型——immediately, directly, instantly；

句式型——no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when… The moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.

I came immediately you called. 你一給我打電話，我就馬上來。

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家，就開始下雨。

【注意】

如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

在時間狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時、過去將來時態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時來代替。

When, while, as(一邊...一邊...), after, before, as soon as, since, till /until, by the time(到。。。為止, 所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時)

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.

when, while和as的區(qū)別

when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”, when＝and then; at that moment。 When she came in, I stopped eating.

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。 We always sing as we walk.

As we was going out, it began to snow.

before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

before的本意為“在……之前”，根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為“還沒來得及/還沒有……就……，趁著還沒……就……，不知不覺就……，……才……”等。 After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced.

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.

till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。

如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.

I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。

由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。

since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。

在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。

I have been in Beijing since you left.

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。