A Positive Regulatory Loop between a Wnt-Regulated Non-coding RNA and ASCL2 Controls Intestinal Stem Cell Fate (Cell Reports, June 21, 2016) 下載鏈接:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1nuOeoxr 密碼:e5j4 在開始本文前,我們再熟悉一下Wnt/beta-catenin經(jīng)典通路: “當(dāng)Wnt蛋白與細(xì)胞表面Frizzled受體家族結(jié)合后的一系列反應(yīng),包括Dishevelled受體家族蛋白質(zhì)的激活及最終細(xì)胞核內(nèi)β-catenin水平的變化。 Dishevelled (DSH) 是細(xì)胞膜相關(guān)Wnt受體復(fù)合物的關(guān)鍵成分,它與Wnt結(jié)合后被激活,并抑制下游蛋白質(zhì)復(fù)合物,包括axin、GSK-3、與APC蛋白。axin/GSK-3/APC 復(fù)合體可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號分子β-catenin的降解。當(dāng)該復(fù)合物被抑制后,胞漿內(nèi)的β-catenin得以穩(wěn)定存在,部分 β-catenin進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核與TCF/LEF轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族作用并促進(jìn)特定基因的表達(dá)?!?/p> 簡單概括:Wnt+DSH下調(diào)axin/GSK-3/APC,然后beta-catenin上調(diào)(抑制降解),beta-catenin核轉(zhuǎn)位,作用TCF/LEF,促進(jìn)下游基因表達(dá)。 文中涉及到了:Wnt-beta-catenin-TCF,當(dāng)然這不是主要的! 先上機(jī)制圖: 在腸上皮細(xì)胞中,經(jīng)典Wnt路通對干細(xì)胞的穩(wěn)態(tài)維持、分化、增殖起到主要作用。在結(jié)直腸癌中,活性異常的TCF4/b-catenin轉(zhuǎn)錄復(fù)合物,是首要的轉(zhuǎn)化因子。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個lncRNA,能直接結(jié)合TCF4/b-catenin。并且,該分子能調(diào)控它基因組附近的一個基因ASCL2(ASCL2作為一個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子能控制小腸干細(xì)胞的命運),增加ASCL2轉(zhuǎn)錄。WiNTRLINC1結(jié)合TCF4/b-catenin能介導(dǎo)WiNTRLINC1的啟動子與ASCL2調(diào)控域形成一個環(huán)。反過來,ASCL2蛋白能結(jié)合到WiNTRLINC1啟動子區(qū),正向調(diào)控WiNTRLINC1轉(zhuǎn)錄。這個調(diào)控回路,在結(jié)直腸癌中被顯著放大,增加癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移,降低病人存活率。
(點擊這里)可溫習(xí)前文lncRNA作用機(jī)制的三種模式! 開始看主要內(nèi)容: 1、WiNTRLINC1對細(xì)胞水平的影響
2、WiNTRLINC1能正向調(diào)控ASCL2表達(dá),以及機(jī)制相關(guān) 作者敲除WiNTRLINC1來尋找有差異表達(dá)的基因。其中有一個很顯著下調(diào)的分子ASCL2,它在染色質(zhì)上的位置與WiNTRLINC1很近。而且ASCL2是Wnt通路的應(yīng)答基因,并且在腸道中其蛋白對干細(xì)胞的維持起到很大的作用。 而在不同的細(xì)胞株中發(fā)現(xiàn),ASCL2的表達(dá)與WiNTRLINC1的表達(dá)緊密相關(guān)。結(jié)合第一部分內(nèi)容,所以作者認(rèn)為WiNTRLINC1通過調(diào)控ASCL2的表達(dá)來調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖的。 WiNTRLINC1、ASCL2表達(dá)具有相關(guān)性。并且ASCL2敲除后,其調(diào)控水平依然與WiNTRLINC1、ASCL2分別敲除保持一致。 作者認(rèn)為WiNTRLINC1、ASCL2存在一個拓?fù)洵h(huán)形式。通過染色體構(gòu)象捕獲技術(shù)(3C技術(shù)),發(fā)現(xiàn)WiNTRLINC1的轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點區(qū)域與ASCL2下游基因區(qū)域相互作用(該區(qū)域為ASCL2的增強(qiáng)子),并且該作用對WiNTRLINC1存在依賴性。 ChIRP技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)WiNTRLINC1的轉(zhuǎn)錄本存在與WiNTRLINC1基因轉(zhuǎn)錄區(qū),并且當(dāng)beta-catenin敲除后WiNTRLINC1下調(diào)能引起轉(zhuǎn)錄本定位消除。(拓?fù)渑判颍炞C它們存在一個反饋調(diào)節(jié))并且,lncRNA-WiNTRLINC1能富集到其基因的啟動子區(qū)以及ASCL2的增強(qiáng)子區(qū)。 這部分內(nèi)容較多
其中3C技術(shù)是通過一對分別與選定的2段DNA配對的引物進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,通過PCR產(chǎn)物的有無、產(chǎn)量的高低等,就可以對是否存在相互作用進(jìn)行判斷。下面有圖解。 這部分內(nèi)容主要描述了TCF4/beta-catenin轉(zhuǎn)錄復(fù)合物結(jié)合并激活到WiNTRLINC1基因的啟動子區(qū),以及ASCL2的3'端區(qū),接著,并與轉(zhuǎn)錄后的lncRNA-WiNTRLINC1結(jié)合,穩(wěn)定住上述兩個DNA形成的環(huán),隨后促進(jìn)ASCL2高度表達(dá)。 3、WiNTRLINC1-ASCL2調(diào)控環(huán)在組織水平的放大
這篇文章主要從細(xì)胞水平出發(fā),并通過數(shù)據(jù)庫在組織中進(jìn)行了驗證,并非在動物體內(nèi)做驗證。其中作者使用了RIP、ChIRP、3C技術(shù)。大家對RIP不陌生,對于后兩個實驗可以參看下圖。 ChIRP Workflow of ChIRP. Chromatin is crosslinked to lincRNA:protein adducts in vivo. Biotinylated tiling probes are hybridized to target lncRNA, and chromatin complexes are purified using magnetic streptavidin beads, followed by stringent washes. We elute lncRNA bound DNA or proteins with a cocktail of Rnase A and H. A putative lincRNA binding sequence is schematized in orange. 3C(染色體構(gòu)象捕獲) A) An illustration of the 3C method. Genomic DNA is crosslinked (1), capturing three-dimensional interactions inside the cell. After cell lysis and removal of cell membranes, the captured chromatin is solubilized and digested (2), isolating protein-DNA complexes from the chromatin network. The free DNA ends are then ligated together (3) in dilute conditions favoring intra-molecular ligation, creating new DNA junctions representing the proximity of restriction fragments in the fixed sample. After ligation, the crosslinks are reversed (4) and 3C template is purified to eliminate cellular debris. Finally, the ligation products are detected (5) using PCR-based methods. After quantification (6) the results are plotted as a 3C profile (7), revealing interactions between anchor (labeled “A”) and all other fragments in the genomic regions, which mirrors 3D spacing in the nucleus. B) Possible outcome of ligation reaction between two restriction fragments. As seen in part A, there are many restriction fragments contained within one complex. To further understand the ligation step, we have simplified the reality and show a view where one complex contains only two restriction fragments -red and blue. The 5′ and 3′ ends are indicated for each strand. Each digested end has been numbered 1–4. Also indicated are the locations where 3C primers have been designed. Note that all the primers are on the “forward” strand, located near the restriction site. There are six possible ligation products that result from this molecule. Two of these produce self circles, which are not of interest. Only one of the remaining four ligation products results in a detectable product - that is when end 2 and end 4 are ligated to each other. This ligation event will bring the primers into the proper orientation to produce a PCR product. None of the other ligation products will be detected.
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