okHttp3正式版剛發(fā)布了沒幾天，正好重構(gòu)之前的代碼，于是第一時(shí)間入坑了。對(duì)okHttp3的一些改變，會(huì)陸續(xù)寫下來，這是第一篇cookies管理及持久化。
Cookies管理
OkHttp的源碼過于復(fù)雜，感興趣的同學(xué)可以自行閱讀，這里只針對(duì)HttpEngineer類進(jìn)行分析，從字面意思即可看出這個(gè)類負(fù)責(zé)http請(qǐng)求的request、response等等操作的處理，而cookies管理也是隨著http請(qǐng)求的request、response來處理。
3.0之前
先看NetworkRequest方法，在里面通過client.getCookieHandler()函數(shù)獲得了CookieHandler對(duì)象，通過該對(duì)象拿到cookie并設(shè)置到請(qǐng)求頭里，請(qǐng)求結(jié)束后取得響應(yīng)后通過networkResponse.headers()函數(shù)將請(qǐng)求頭獲得傳入receiveHeaders函數(shù)，并將取得的cookie存入getCookieHandler得到的一個(gè)CookieHandler對(duì)象中去
private Request networkRequest(Request request) throws IOException {
Request.Builder result = request.newBuilder();
//例行省略....
CookieHandler cookieHandler = client.getCookieHandler();
if (cookieHandler != null) {
// Capture the request headers added so far so that they can be offered to the CookieHandler.
// This is mostly to stay close to the RI; it is unlikely any of the headers above would
// affect cookie choice besides "Host".
Map<String, List<String>> headers = OkHeaders.toMultimap(result.build().headers(), null);
Map<String, List<String>> cookies = cookieHandler.get(request.uri(), headers);
// Add any new cookies to the request.
OkHeaders.addCookies(result, cookies);
}
//例行省略....
return result.build();
}
public void readResponse() throws IOException {
//例行省略....
receiveHeaders(networkResponse.headers());
//例行省略....
}
public void receiveHeaders(Headers headers) throws IOException {
CookieHandler cookieHandler = client.getCookieHandler();
if (cookieHandler != null) {
cookieHandler.put(userRequest.uri(), OkHeaders.toMultimap(headers, null));
}
}
CookieHandler對(duì)象是OkHttpClient類中的一個(gè)屬性，傳入了這個(gè)對(duì)象，那么OkHttp就會(huì)對(duì)cookie進(jìn)行自動(dòng)管理
private CookieHandler cookieHandler;
public OkHttpClient setCookieHandler(CookieHandler cookieHandler) {
this.cookieHandler = cookieHandler;
return this;
}
public CookieHandler getCookieHandler() {
return cookieHandler;
}
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.setCookieHandler(CookieHandler cookieHanlder);
3.0之后
而在OkHttp3中，對(duì)cookie而言，新增了兩個(gè)類Cookiejar、Cookie兩個(gè)類，在了解這兩個(gè)類之前，先去看一下HttpEngine關(guān)于cookie管理的變化
private Request networkRequest(Request request) throws IOException {
Request.Builder result = request.newBuilder();
//例行省略....
List<Cookie> cookies = client.cookieJar().loadForRequest(request.url());
if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
result.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
}
//例行省略....
return result.build();
}
private String cookieHeader(List<Cookie> cookies) {
StringBuilder cookieHeader = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0, size = cookies.size(); i < size; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
cookieHeader.append("; ");
}
Cookie cookie = cookies.get(i);
cookieHeader.append(cookie.name()).append('=').append(cookie.value());
}
return cookieHeader.toString();
}
public void receiveHeaders(Headers headers) throws IOException {
if (client.cookieJar() == CookieJar.NO_COOKIES) return;
List<Cookie> cookies = Cookie.parseAll(userRequest.url(), headers);
if (cookies.isEmpty()) return;
client.cookieJar().saveFromResponse(userRequest.url(), cookies);
}
通過以上幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵方法，可以很明顯的感覺到作者的意圖了，為了更加自由定制化的cookie管理。其中loadForRequest()、saveFromResponse()這兩個(gè)方法最為關(guān)鍵，分別是在發(fā)送時(shí)向request header中加入cookie，在接收時(shí)，讀取response header中的cookie?，F(xiàn)在再去看Cookiejar這個(gè)類，就很好理解了
public interface CookieJar {
/** A cookie jar that never accepts any cookies. */
CookieJar NO_COOKIES = new CookieJar() {
@Override public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
}
@Override public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
};
/**
* Saves {@code cookies} from an HTTP response to this store according to this jar's policy.
*
* <p>Note that this method may be called a second time for a single HTTP response if the response
* includes a trailer. For this obscure HTTP feature, {@code cookies} contains only the trailer's
* cookies.
*/
void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies);
/**
* Load cookies from the jar for an HTTP request to {@code url}. This method returns a possibly
* empty list of cookies for the network request.
*
* <p>Simple implementations will return the accepted cookies that have not yet expired and that
* {@linkplain Cookie#matches match} {@code url}.
*/
List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url);
}
so!在OkHttpClient創(chuàng)建時(shí)，傳入這個(gè)CookieJar的實(shí)現(xiàn)，就能完成對(duì)Cookie的自動(dòng)管理了
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
private final HashMap<HttpUrl, List<Cookie>> cookieStore = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
cookieStore.put(url, cookies);
}
@Override
public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.get(url);
return cookies != null ? cookies : new ArrayList<Cookie>();
}
})
.build();
Cookies持久化
對(duì)Cookies持久化的方案，與之前版本并無很大區(qū)別，還是參考android-async-http這個(gè)庫(kù)，主要參考其中兩個(gè)類:
廢話不多說了，直接上代碼
SerializableOkHttpCookies
主要做兩件事：
public class SerializableOkHttpCookies implements Serializable {
private transient final Cookie cookies;
private transient Cookie clientCookies;
public SerializableOkHttpCookies(Cookie cookies) {
this.cookies = cookies;
}
public Cookie getCookies() {
Cookie bestCookies = cookies;
if (clientCookies != null) {
bestCookies = clientCookies;
}
return bestCookies;
}
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
out.writeObject(cookies.name());
out.writeObject(cookies.value());
out.writeLong(cookies.expiresAt());
out.writeObject(cookies.domain());
out.writeObject(cookies.path());
out.writeBoolean(cookies.secure());
out.writeBoolean(cookies.httpOnly());
out.writeBoolean(cookies.hostOnly());
out.writeBoolean(cookies.persistent());
}
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
String name = (String) in.readObject();
String value = http://segmentfault.com/a/(String) in.readObject();
long expiresAt = in.readLong();
String domain = (String) in.readObject();
String path = (String) in.readObject();
boolean secure = in.readBoolean();
boolean httpOnly = in.readBoolean();
boolean hostOnly = in.readBoolean();
boolean persistent = in.readBoolean();
Cookie.Builder builder = new Cookie.Builder();
builder = builder.name(name);
builder = builder.value(value);
builder = builder.expiresAt(expiresAt);
builder = hostOnly ? builder.hostOnlyDomain(domain) : builder.domain(domain);
builder = builder.path(path);
builder = secure ? builder.secure() : builder;
builder = httpOnly ? builder.httpOnly() : builder;
clientCookies =builder.build();
}
}
PersistentCookieStore
根據(jù)一定的規(guī)則去緩存或者獲取Cookie:
public class PersistentCookieStore {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "PersistentCookieStore";
private static final String COOKIE_PREFS = "Cookies_Prefs";
private final Map<String, ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>> cookies;
private final SharedPreferences cookiePrefs;
public PersistentCookieStore(Context context) {
cookiePrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(COOKIE_PREFS, 0);
cookies = new HashMap<>();
//將持久化的cookies緩存到內(nèi)存中 即map cookies
Map<String, ?> prefsMap = cookiePrefs.getAll();
for (Map.Entry<String, ?> entry : prefsMap.entrySet()) {
String[] cookieNames = TextUtils.split((String) entry.getValue(), ",");
for (String name : cookieNames) {
String encodedCookie = cookiePrefs.getString(name, null);
if (encodedCookie != null) {
Cookie decodedCookie = decodeCookie(encodedCookie);
if (decodedCookie != null) {
if (!cookies.containsKey(entry.getKey())) {
cookies.put(entry.getKey(), new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>());
}
cookies.get(entry.getKey()).put(name, decodedCookie);
}
}
}
}
}
protected String getCookieToken(Cookie cookie) {
return cookie.name() + "@" + cookie.domain();
}
public void add(HttpUrl url, Cookie cookie) {
String name = getCookieToken(cookie);
//將cookies緩存到內(nèi)存中 如果緩存過期 就重置此cookie
if (!cookie.persistent()) {
if (!cookies.containsKey(url.host())) {
cookies.put(url.host(), new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>());
}
cookies.get(url.host()).put(name, cookie);
} else {
if (cookies.containsKey(url.host())) {
cookies.get(url.host()).remove(name);
}
}
//講cookies持久化到本地
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.putString(url.host(), TextUtils.join(",", cookies.get(url.host()).keySet()));
prefsWriter.putString(name, encodeCookie(new SerializableOkHttpCookies(cookie)));
prefsWriter.apply();
}
public List<Cookie> get(HttpUrl url) {
ArrayList<Cookie> ret = new ArrayList<>();
if (cookies.containsKey(url.host()))
ret.addAll(cookies.get(url.host()).values());
return ret;
}
public boolean removeAll() {
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.clear();
prefsWriter.apply();
cookies.clear();
return true;
}
public boolean remove(HttpUrl url, Cookie cookie) {
String name = getCookieToken(cookie);
if (cookies.containsKey(url.host()) && cookies.get(url.host()).containsKey(name)) {
cookies.get(url.host()).remove(name);
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
if (cookiePrefs.contains(name)) {
prefsWriter.remove(name);
}
prefsWriter.putString(url.host(), TextUtils.join(",", cookies.get(url.host()).keySet()));
prefsWriter.apply();
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
public List<Cookie> getCookies() {
ArrayList<Cookie> ret = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : cookies.keySet())
ret.addAll(cookies.get(key).values());
return ret;
}
/**
* cookies 序列化成 string
*
* @param cookie 要序列化的cookie
* @return 序列化之后的string
*/
protected String encodeCookie(SerializableOkHttpCookies cookie) {
if (cookie == null)
return null;
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
outputStream.writeObject(cookie);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "IOException in encodeCookie", e);
return null;
}
return byteArrayToHexString(os.toByteArray());
}
/**
* 將字符串反序列化成cookies
*
* @param cookieString cookies string
* @return cookie object
*/
protected Cookie decodeCookie(String cookieString) {
byte[] bytes = hexStringToByteArray(cookieString);
ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
Cookie cookie = null;
try {
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
cookie = ((SerializableOkHttpCookies) objectInputStream.readObject()).getCookies();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "IOException in decodeCookie", e);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "ClassNotFoundException in decodeCookie", e);
}
return cookie;
}
/**
* 二進(jìn)制數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)十六進(jìn)制字符串
*
* @param bytes byte array to be converted
* @return string containing hex values
*/
protected String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
for (byte element : bytes) {
int v = element & 0xff;
if (v < 16) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(v));
}
return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
}
/**
* 十六進(jìn)制字符串轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制數(shù)組
*
* @param hexString string of hex-encoded values
* @return decoded byte array
*/
protected byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
int len = hexString.length();
byte[] data = http://segmentfault.com/a/new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}
}
最終效果
完成對(duì)Cookie持久化之后，就可以對(duì)Cookiejar進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步修改了，最終效果：
/**
* 自動(dòng)管理Cookies
*/
private class CookiesManager implements CookieJar {
private final PersistentCookieStore cookieStore = new PersistentCookieStore(getApplicationContext());
@Override
public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
if (cookies != null && cookies.size() > 0) {
for (Cookie item : cookies) {
cookieStore.add(url, item);
}
}
}
@Override
public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.get(url);
return cookies;
}
}
Tips
在這樣做之前，嘗試了使用Interceptor和NetWorkInterceptor在Http請(qǐng)求request和response時(shí)，攔截響應(yīng)鏈，加入對(duì)Cookie的管理。so！接下來可能會(huì)詳細(xì)介紹下Interceptor這個(gè)非?？岬膶?shí)現(xiàn)。
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