【mongo手冊(cè):https://docs./manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/】
Java代碼 
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一、準(zhǔn)備工作:
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運(yùn)行yum命令查看MongoDB的包信息 [root@vm ~]# yum info mongo-10gen
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(提示沒有相關(guān)匹配的信息,)
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說明你的centos系統(tǒng)中的yum源不包含MongoDB的相關(guān)資源,所以要在使用yum命令安裝MongoDB前需要增加yum源,也就是在 /etc/yum.repos.d/目錄中增加 *.repo yum源配置文件,以下分別是針對(duì)centos 64位和32位不同的系統(tǒng)的MongoDB yum 源配置內(nèi)容:
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我們這里就將該文件命名為:/etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo
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For 64-bit yum源配置:
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vi /etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo
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[10gen]
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name=10gen Repository
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baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64
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gpgcheck=0
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For 32-bit yum源配置:
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vi /etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo
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[10gen]
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name=10gen Repository
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baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/i686
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gpgcheck=0
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根據(jù)自己的系統(tǒng)選擇相應(yīng)的配置內(nèi)容
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查看系統(tǒng)是32位還是64位的方法:
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$ uname -a
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含有x86_64的那說明是64位的,例如我的centos6.0 64bit系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行這個(gè)命令后顯示:
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Linux vm.centos6 2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jun 27 19:49:27 BST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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做好yum源的配置后,如果配置正確執(zhí)行下面的命令便可以查詢MongoDB相關(guān)的信息:
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查看mongoDB的服務(wù)器包的信息
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[root@vm ~]# yum info mongo-10gen-server
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****(省略多行不重要的信息)*********
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Available Packages
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Name : mongo-10gen-server
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Arch : x86_64
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Version : 1.8.2
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Release : mongodb_1
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Size : 4.7 M
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Repo : 10gen
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Summary : mongo server, sharding server, and support scripts
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URL : http://www.mongodb.org
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License : AGPL 3.0
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Description: Mongo (from "huMONGOus") is a schema-free document-oriented
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: database.
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:
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: This package provides the mongo server software, mongo sharding
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: server softwware, default configuration files, and init.d scripts.
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[root@vm ~]#
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查看客戶端工具的信息
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[root@vm ~]# yum info mongo-10gen
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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**(省略多行不重要的信息)**
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Installed Packages
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Name : mongo-10gen
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Arch : x86_64
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Version : 1.8.2
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Release : mongodb_1
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Size : 55 M
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Repo : 10gen
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Summary : mongo client shell and tools
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URL : http://www.mongodb.org
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License : AGPL 3.0
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Description: Mongo (from "huMONGOus") is a schema-free document-oriented
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: database. It features dynamic profileable queries, full indexing,
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: replication and fail-over support, efficient storage of large
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: binary data objects, and auto-sharding.
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:
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: This package provides the mongo shell, import/export tools, and
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: other client utilities.
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[root@vm ~]#
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二、安裝MongoDB的服務(wù)器端和客戶端工具
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1.安裝服務(wù)器端:
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[root@vm ~]# yum install mongo-10gen-server
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[root@vm ~]# ls /usr/bin/mongo(tab鍵)
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mongo mongod mongodump mongoexport mongofiles mongoimport mongorestore mongos mongostat
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-----------------------------------------------
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這些就是MongoDB的程序文件
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因?yàn)閙ongo-10gen-server包依賴于mongo-10gen,所以安裝了服務(wù)器后就不需要單獨(dú)安裝客戶端工具包mongo-10gen了
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2.單獨(dú)安裝可客戶端:
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[root@vm ~]# yum install mongo-10gen
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3.檢查
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[root@vm ~]# /etc/init.d/mongod
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Usage: /etc/init.d/mongod {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload|condrestart}
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[root@vm ~]# /etc/init.d/mongod status
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mongod (pid 1341) is running...
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[root@vm ~]#
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說明安后服務(wù)器端已經(jīng)在運(yùn)行了
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4.服務(wù)器配置: /etc/mongod.conf
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[root@vm ~]# cat /etc/mongod.conf
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# mongo.conf
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#where to log
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logpath=/var/log/mongo/mongod.log
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logappend=true #以追加方式寫入日志
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# fork and run in background
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fork = true
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#port = 27017 #端口
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dbpath=/var/lib/mongo #數(shù)據(jù)庫文件保存位置
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# Enables periodic logging of CPU utilization and I/O wait
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#啟用定期記錄CPU利用率和 I/O 等待
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#cpu = true
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# Turn on/off security. Off is currently the default
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# 是否以安全認(rèn)證方式運(yùn)行,默認(rèn)是不認(rèn)證的非安全方式
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#noauth = true
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#auth = true
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# Verbose logging output.
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# 詳細(xì)記錄輸出
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#verbose = true
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# Inspect all client data for validity on receipt (useful for
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# developing drivers)用于開發(fā)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序時(shí)的檢查客戶端接收數(shù)據(jù)的有效性
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#objcheck = true
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# Enable db quota management 啟用數(shù)據(jù)庫配額管理,默認(rèn)每個(gè)db可以有8個(gè)文件,可以用quotaFiles參數(shù)設(shè)置
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#quota = true
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# 設(shè)置oplog記錄等級(jí)
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# Set oplogging level where n is
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# 0=off (default)
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# 1=W
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# 2=R
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# 3=both
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# 7=W+some reads
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#oplog = 0
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# Diagnostic/debugging option 動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)試項(xiàng)
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#nocursors = true
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# Ignore query hints 忽略查詢提示
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#nohints = true
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# 禁用http界面,默認(rèn)為localhost:28017
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# Disable the HTTP interface (Defaults to localhost:27018).這個(gè)端口號(hào)寫的是錯(cuò)的
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#nohttpinterface = true
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# 關(guān)閉服務(wù)器端腳本,這將極大的限制功能
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# Turns off server-side scripting. This will result in greatly limited
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# functionality
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#noscripting = true
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# 關(guān)閉掃描表,任何查詢將會(huì)是掃描失敗
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# Turns off table scans. Any query that would do a table scan fails.
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#notablescan = true
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# 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)文件預(yù)分配
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# Disable data file preallocation.
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#noprealloc = true
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# 為新數(shù)據(jù)庫指定.ns文件的大小,單位:MB
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# Specify .ns file size for new databases.
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# nssize = <size>
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# Accout token for Mongo monitoring server.
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#mms-token = <token>
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# mongo監(jiān)控服務(wù)器的名稱
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# Server name for Mongo monitoring server.
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#mms-name = <server-name>
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# mongo監(jiān)控服務(wù)器的ping 間隔
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# Ping interval for Mongo monitoring server.
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#mms-interval = <seconds>
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# Replication Options 復(fù)制選項(xiàng)
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# in replicated mongo databases, specify here whether this is a slave or master 在復(fù)制中,指定當(dāng)前是從屬關(guān)系
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#slave = true
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#source = master.example.com
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# Slave only: specify a single database to replicate
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#only = master.example.com
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# or
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#master = true
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#source = slave.example.com
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[root@vm ~]#
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以上是默認(rèn)的配置文件中的一些參數(shù),更多參數(shù)可以用 mongod -h 命令來查看
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[root@vm ~]# mongod -h
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Allowed options:
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General options:
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-h [ --help ] show this usage information
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--version show version information
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-f [ --config ] arg configuration file specifying additional options 指定啟動(dòng)配置文件路徑
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-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
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verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
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--quiet quieter output
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--port arg specify port number 端口
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--bind_ip arg comma separated list of ip addresses to listen on -
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all local ips by default 綁定ip,可以多個(gè)
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--maxConns arg max number of simultaneous connections 最大并發(fā)連接數(shù)
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--logpath arg log file to send write to instead of stdout - has to
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be a file, not directory 日志文件路徑
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--logappend append to logpath instead of over-writing 日志寫入方式
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--pidfilepath arg full path to pidfile (if not set, no pidfile is
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created) pid文件路徑
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--keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication (only for
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replica sets)集群認(rèn)證私鑰,僅適用于副本集
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--unixSocketPrefix arg alternative directory for UNIX domain sockets
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(defaults to /tmp)替代目錄
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--fork fork server process
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--auth run with security 使用認(rèn)證方式運(yùn)行
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--cpu periodically show cpu and iowait utilization 定期顯示的CPU和IO等待利用率
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--dbpath arg directory for datafiles 數(shù)據(jù)庫文件路徑
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--diaglog arg 0=off 1=W 2=R 3=both 7=W+some reads oplog記錄等級(jí)
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--directoryperdb each database will be stored in a separate directory
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每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲(chǔ)到單獨(dú)目錄
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--journal enable journaling 記錄日志,建議開啟,在異常宕機(jī)時(shí)可以恢復(fù)一些數(shù)據(jù)
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--journalOptions arg journal diagnostic options
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--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
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--jsonp allow JSONP access via http (has security
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implications)允許JSONP通過http訪問,該方式存在安全隱患
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--noauth run without security 不帶安全認(rèn)證的方式
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--nohttpinterface disable http interface 禁用http接口
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--noprealloc disable data file preallocation - will often hurt
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performance 禁用數(shù)據(jù)文件的預(yù)分配,往往會(huì)損害性能
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--noscripting disable scripting engine 禁用腳本引擎
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--notablescan do not allow table scans 不允許表掃描
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--nounixsocket disable listening on unix sockets禁止unix sockets監(jiān)聽
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--nssize arg (=16) .ns file size (in MB) for new databases 為新數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置.ns文件的大小
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--objcheck inspect client data for validity on receipt 檢查在收到客戶端的數(shù)據(jù)的有效性
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--profile arg 0=off 1=slow, 2=all
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--quota limits each database to a certain number of files (8
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default)啟用數(shù)據(jù)庫配額管理,默認(rèn)每個(gè)db可以有8個(gè)文件,可以用quotaFiles參數(shù)設(shè)置
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--quotaFiles arg number of files allower per db, requires --quota
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--rest turn on simple rest api 開啟rest api
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--repair run repair on all dbs 修復(fù)所有數(shù)據(jù)庫
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--repairpath arg root directory for repair files - defaults to dbpath修復(fù)文件的根目錄,默
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認(rèn)為dbpath指定的目錄
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--slowms arg (=100) value of slow for profile and console log
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--smallfiles use a smaller default file size
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--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds between disk syncs (0=never, but not
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recommended)與硬盤同步數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間,默認(rèn)60秒,0表示不同步到硬盤(不建議)
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--sysinfo print some diagnostic system information打印一些診斷系統(tǒng)信息
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--upgrade upgrade db if needed 如果必要,將數(shù)據(jù)庫文件升級(jí)到新的格式
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(<=1.0到1.1+升級(jí)時(shí)所需的)
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Replication options: 復(fù)制選項(xiàng)
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--fastsync indicate that this instance is starting from a dbpath
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snapshot of the repl peer 從一個(gè)dbpath快照開始同步
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--autoresync automatically resync if slave data is stale 自動(dòng)同步,如果從機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)不是新的
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自動(dòng)同步
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--oplogSize arg size limit (in MB) for op log oplog的大小
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Master/slave options: 主/從配置選項(xiàng)
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--master master mode 主模式
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--slave slave mode 從屬模式
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--source arg when slave: specify master as <server:port>從屬服務(wù)器上指定主服務(wù)器地址
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--only arg when slave: specify a single database to replicate從屬服務(wù)器上指定要復(fù)制的
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數(shù)據(jù)庫
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--slavedelay arg specify delay (in seconds) to be used when applying
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master ops to slave 指定從主服務(wù)器上同步數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間間隔 單位秒
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Replica set options: 副本集選項(xiàng)
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--replSet arg arg is <setname>[/<optionalseedhostlist>]
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參數(shù):<名稱>[<種子主機(jī)列表>]
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Sharding options: 分片設(shè)置選項(xiàng)
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--configsvr declare this is a config db of a cluster; default port
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27019; default dir /data/configdb 聲明這是一個(gè)集群的配置數(shù)據(jù)庫,
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默認(rèn)的端口是27019 默認(rèn)的路徑是/data/configdb
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--shardsvr declare this is a shard db of a cluster; default port
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27018 聲明這是集群的一個(gè)分片數(shù)據(jù)庫,默認(rèn)端口為27018
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--noMoveParanoia turn off paranoid saving of data for moveChunk. this
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is on by default for now, but default will switch
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關(guān)閉偏著保存大塊數(shù)據(jù)?,F(xiàn)在它是默認(rèn)的,但是會(huì)變換
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[root@vm ~]#
卸載:
#yum -y remove mongo-10gen-server
6:?jiǎn)?dòng)MongoDB服務(wù)(以后有更新了,停掉mongodb,執(zhí)行#yum update mongo-10gen mongo-10gen-server 即可)
#service mongod start
Unable to connect MongoDB, please check your configurations. MongoDB said:Failed to connect to: 127.0.0.1:27017: 由于目標(biāo)計(jì)算機(jī)積極拒絕,無法連接查看MongoDB故障old lock file,terminating的解決
查看mongo日志文件得到祥細(xì)錯(cuò)誤
exception in initAndListen: 12596 old lock file, terminating
引發(fā)原因:
關(guān)閉Mongodb前,未釋放鎖,導(dǎo)致重啟時(shí)失敗
解決方案:
刪除data目錄下的mongodb.lock文件,重啟即可
注意事項(xiàng):
用mongodump備份數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí),不能使用fsync和鎖,否則dump程序無法連接數(shù)據(jù)庫
服務(wù)器,其他情況下使用fsync和鎖,需要注意操作可能會(huì)執(zhí)行較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
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