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9393 內(nèi)容提要：英語(yǔ)單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律 1.動(dòng)詞(v.)→名詞(n.) (a)詞形不變,詞性改變 例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動(dòng)詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),澆水,種植),也可以用作名詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),水,植物). (b)一些動(dòng)詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示'某一類(lèi)人'的名詞 例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor, collect—collector等. 注意:1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-r. 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等. 2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-er 例如：run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等. (c)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ment 變成名詞 例如:achieve—achievement (成就) advertise—advertisement//advertising(廣告) agree—agreement disgree—disagreement amuse—amusement (娛樂(lè)) improve—improvement(爭(zhēng)吵) commit(奉獻(xiàn))—commitment develop—development (發(fā)展) depart—department (局,部) govern(統(tǒng)治)—government(政府) manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (裝備) 有些單詞比較特殊,需把動(dòng)詞后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(爭(zhēng)論) (d)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion變成名詞 例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction; invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加'ion') compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加'tion') decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改為s再加'ion') describe—description描寫(xiě),描繪 (這是特例,不規(guī)則變化) (e)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ance變成名詞 例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出現(xiàn)) perform—performance (演出) accept—acceptance (接受) (f)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞 (方法與動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的方法相同) 例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying(諺語(yǔ)) mean—meaning end —ending train —training wash—washing 注意:以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning (g)其他一些比較特殊的變化 例如: Beg(乞討)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行為舉止)—behavior know(知道)—knowledge(知識(shí)) fly—flight (飛行) heat (加熱)—heat(熱量) hit (撞擊)—hit( 轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的人或物,碰撞) mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,壓)—pressure(壓力) sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功) tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客) |
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