新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略

　　備考思路

　　語法填空題設(shè)空設(shè)空大致有如下特點(diǎn)：

　　無提示詞一般考查：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動詞、固定搭配等

　　有提示詞一般考查：謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。

　　具體策略：

　　(一)、給出動詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語部分，或是填寫非謂語動詞；

　　(二)、給出詞語，詞性的變化，如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級、最高級，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；

　　(三)、給出副詞，填寫比較級、最高級，或是填寫反義詞；

　　(四)、不給詞語填寫限定詞的時(shí)候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級等，其前用定冠詞。

　　高考英語語法填空不給提示詞范例：

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.

　　答案與分析：the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高級修飾，因此用定冠詞。

　　例：【2015廣東】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

　　答案與分析：a。名詞farm前應(yīng)該有冠詞，因?yàn)樵谖恼轮械谝淮纬霈F(xiàn)，所以用不定冠詞。

　　例：【2010廣東】After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.

　　答案與分析：another。上文談到一個(gè)學(xué)生讓老師品嘗他從沙漠里帶了來的泉水，當(dāng)那個(gè)學(xué)生離開后，老師讓另一個(gè)學(xué)生品嘗這泉水的味道。根據(jù)語境這里填寫限定詞another。

　　例：【2014廣東】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.

　　答案與分析：it。第二個(gè)句子中的賓語從句缺主語，這里it代替前文提到過的Miami。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

　　答案與分析：by。這里的car不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，可以看出其前面應(yīng)該填寫介詞，這里的介詞短語作狀語。

　　例：【2014課標(biāo)II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

　　答案與分析：and。“There were many people waiting at the bus stop”是個(gè)完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是個(gè)完整的句子，兩句之間是并列關(guān)系。

　　例：【2012廣東】______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was

　　wrong.

　　答案與分析：Although/Though。這里有兩個(gè)句子，“______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號或句號，根據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)句子是讓步狀語從句。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　答案與分析：how。因?yàn)椤?..the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“...the adobe walls needed to be...”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號或分號，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞how。

　　例：【2014廣東】I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

　　答案與分析：why?！癐 didn’t understand”和“this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號或分號，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞why。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

　　答案與分析：that/which。這里有兩套主謂關(guān)系，“I’d skipped nearby Guilin...”和“are pictured...”，兩句之間沒有句號或分號，空格處必定是填連詞或關(guān)系詞；根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)句子少主語，先行詞是Guilin，根據(jù)定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則，這里填寫that/which。

　　例：【2013廣東】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”

　　答案與分析：why。上文談到父親讓兒子去買鹽，告訴兒子付錢的時(shí)候不可以多付。也不可以少付。兒子不解地問：“如果我能少付錢的話，為什么我不省點(diǎn)錢呢？”

　　例：【2014課標(biāo)II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ _______anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”

　　答案與分析：Did。根據(jù)本句中l(wèi)ast stop可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此一般疑問句的助動詞是did。

　　總之，以上講解了語法填空題的部分微技能，例題都來自于高考真題，具有代表性。無論試題如何變化，萬變不離其宗，只要牢固掌握英語的語法和詞匯知識，就一定能做好語法填空題中的純空格填空題。

　　無提示詞語練習(xí)

　　1.In the beginning, there was only __24__ very small amount of unfairness in the world ...

　　分析：空格處應(yīng)為冠詞a。

　　2．It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960－1279) was very anxious to help ______ rice crop grow up quickly.

　　分析：故填形容詞性物主代詞his。

　　The new boy looked at the teacher __23__ a few seconds ...

　　分析：a few seconds前是空格，且a few seconds不作主語或表語，也不作動詞的賓語。表示某個(gè)動詞或狀態(tài)延續(xù)了多久，用“for ＋時(shí)間段”。故此題應(yīng)填介詞for。

　　3.... who should have the honour of receiving me ______ a guest in their house.

　　分析：因?yàn)閍 guest在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語；又由句意可知，他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待，表示“當(dāng)作”，用介詞as。

　　4.Then he took __25__ off, gave a big smile and said, “That’s cool.”

　　分析：代替前面的those glasses，作took off的賓語，用人稱代詞的賓格them。

　　5.I can send a message toKenyawhenever I want to, and ______ gets there almost in a second.

　　分析：and連接前后兩個(gè)句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞it。

　　6.__20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.

　　分析：因?yàn)閔e thought ... 與he was wrong是兩個(gè)句子，且兩者之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，必定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填表示假設(shè)的If“如果”。

　　7.Nick’s guests, __20__ had heard their conversation, asked why they ...

　　分析：who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子。

　　高考英語語法填空有提示詞范例：

　　例：

　　【2015課標(biāo)I】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting).

　　答案與分析：paintings。該詞前面有限定詞many，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　例：【2014課標(biāo)I】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案與分析：changes。該詞后面的動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此change用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.

　　答案與分析：cleaner。根據(jù)后面比較級的標(biāo)志詞than，這里應(yīng)該使用比較級。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

　　答案與分析：ability。their后接名詞。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　答案與分析：natural。名詞前用形容詞修飾。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.

　　答案與分析：slowly。這里需要副詞修飾動詞短語give out。

　　例.【2014課標(biāo)I】Just be ______ (patience).

　　答案與分析：patient。這里應(yīng)該是形容詞作表語。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】This cycle ______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.

　　答案與分析：goes。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語day after day和后面的句子中使用的時(shí)態(tài)，可以確定該動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式，主語是單數(shù)，因此動詞用數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)形式。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

　　答案與分析：arrived。所給動詞arrive前是代詞I，這里應(yīng)該是謂語動詞，因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此這里用過去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

　　答案與分析：to cool。句子“the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day”中的謂語動詞have given up和are并列，所給動詞前面沒有其他連詞，cool表示結(jié)果，因此用to cool。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　答案與分析：living。live與前面的people不能形成主謂關(guān)系，又因?yàn)閘ive與people的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞living作定語，修飾中心詞people。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

　　答案與分析：conducted。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子里有謂語動詞names，所給動詞不是names的并列謂語，它與前面名詞的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作定語。

　　例：【2010廣東】He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.

　　答案與分析：saying。在這里say前沒有并列連詞，因此可以推斷不是并列謂語，是非謂語動詞，又因?yàn)閟ay與主語he的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　參考練習(xí)

　　一、考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

　　1. He must be (mental) disabled.

　　2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.

　　3. We drank together and talked (merry) till far into the night.

　　4. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment (late) that day.

　　5. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.

　　6. But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

　　7. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.

　　8. “That would be a very (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.

　　9. “But such a small thing couldn’t (possible) destroy a village.”

　　參考答案1. mentally 2.warmly 3.merrily 4.later 5.natural

　　6.choice7. pleased 8.reasonable 9.possibly

　　二、考查非謂語動詞

　　1. He spit it out, (say) it was awful.

　　2. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front.

　　3. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses.

　　4. “In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”

　　5. While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

　　6. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.

　　7. She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.

　　參考答案1-7 saying sitting wearing thinking settled to help to please

　　三、考查謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)

　　1. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village.

　　2. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.

　　3. He walked in as if he (buy) the school.

　　4. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane____ (inform).

　　5. Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt.

　　參考答案1-5 broken pushed had bought was informed found

　　四、考查形容詞或副詞的比較級

　　1. The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (sweet).”

　　2. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” (high).

　　3. It might have made it a little (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

　　參考答案1-3 sweeter higher harder

　　2016年高考英語新課標(biāo)I 語法填空真題

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).

　　So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be theirUKambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

　　On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

　　2016年高考英語新課標(biāo)I 語法填空真題參考答案

　　61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when

　　66. permitted 67. introducing 68. their 69. days 70. the

　　2016年高考英語新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空

　　第二節(jié)

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.

　　Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

　　Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.

　　If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

　　2016年高考英語新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空參考答案

　　41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as

　　46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make

　　2016年普通高等學(xué)校全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)全國卷III）

　　語法填空

　　第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures ofChina,Japan,Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

　　Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.

　　The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,44 (use) twigs(樹枝) to remove it. Over time,45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.

　　Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49(be) too violent for use at the table.

　　Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. InIndia, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.

　　（新課標(biāo)全國卷III）語法填空參考答案

　　41. and 42. be made 43. to create 44. using 45. as 46. gradually 47. who 48. development 49. were 50. With

　　（2015年新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空真題）

　　閱讀下面材料, 用不多于1個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空。

　　Yangshuo,China

　　It was raining lightly when I 61.__________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62.__________, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.__________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

　　I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.__________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.__________(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66.__________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

　　Yangshuo 67.__________(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68.__________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.__________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.__________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2015年新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空答案

　　61. arrived 62. before/earlier 63. its 64. that/which 65. paintings

　　66. by 67. is 68. conducted 69. regularly 70. living

　　（2015年新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空真題2015全國二卷）

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　The adobe dwellings(土坯房）__61__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63___(able) to “air condition” a house without __64__（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__65___（slow）during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66_(cool) the house during the hot day: _67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __68 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　2015年新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空真題語法填空參考答案

　　61. built 參考解析：過去分詞做定語

　　62. the

　　參考解析：最高級前加the

　　63. ability

　　參考解析：their后接名詞，able名詞形式ability.

　　64. using

　　參考解析：介詞后接動名詞

　　65. slowly

　　參考解析：副詞修飾動詞give out.

　　66. to cool

　　參考解析：形容詞加enough后接不定式。

　　67. at

　　參考解析：at the same time

　　68. goes

　　參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

　　69. natural

　　參考解析：形容詞做定語修飾名詞。

　　70. how

　　參考解析：根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用how連接賓語從句。

　　2014年最新真題

　?。?strong>2014年新課標(biāo)I卷）第二節(jié)

　　閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？

　　In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the CuyahogaRiver near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62__________ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63__________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

　　But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 __________ even a few months. It took years of work 65 __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 __________ (clean) than ever.

　　Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 _____________ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

　　While there are 68______________(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69______________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 ______________ (patience).

　　（2014年新課標(biāo)I卷參考答案）

　　61. happened 62. when 63. gone 64. earlier 65. making

　　66. Anyway/Besides 67. it 68. the 69. must 70. mind/memory

　?。?strong>2014年新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空真題）第二節(jié)

　　閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 _____________ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62_______________some of them looked very anxious and 63_______________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64_______________the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65_____________(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66________________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67______________(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68________________anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！It is 69________________（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done. And the passengers 70 _____________（sudden）became friendly to one another.

　　2014年新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空真題參考答案：

　　was；actually；the；or；to reduce；cleaner；that/ which；amazing；changes；patient.

　　being; and; disappointed; to; caught; to stop; riding; Did; me /mine; suddenly.

　　【例1】對話體（2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷《考試說明》樣題）

　　Mum: (putting on her coat) I'm going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.

　　Alan: Why?

　　Mum: I'm not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they're 3 (go).

　　Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I'm sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).

　　Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 (make) them, so he couldn't have done it. 6 , he couldn't carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I'm sure 7 wasn't him.

　　Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn't me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?

　　Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 have put them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my coat?

　　【答案與解析】

　　這是一篇對話。媽媽健忘，她接電話回來時(shí)，認(rèn)為面包被人拿走了，故穿上大衣要去買面包。結(jié)果阿蘭發(fā)現(xiàn)她把面包放進(jìn)了冰箱里。媽媽在知道面包在冰箱時(shí)，竟然又忘了自己為什么要穿上大衣……。

　　1. happened考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境分析，該句句意：我不確定出什么事了。happen是指過去的動作，故用過去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　2. when考查連詞。根據(jù)語境分析，該句句意為：我早就做好了些三明治，把它們放在桌子上，此時(shí)就去接電話了。when在此處為并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)；此時(shí)”。while當(dāng)……時(shí)，從句謂語動詞多為延續(xù)性，且在句中不能修飾句子謂語動詞made…and left…，故不用while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

　　3. gone考查分詞形容詞。由上文的But someone must have taken them 即可分析，后面解釋的原因該是：因?yàn)槊姘灰娏?。而動詞go的過去分詞形式gone恰好可認(rèn)為是形容詞，含有“離去的；不見的；過去的”之意。故填入gone。

　　4. earlier 考查形容詞。由上文的Oh, it must have been Dad.分析，I'm sure he was in the kitchen是在“之前”。故該填入形容詞early的比較級earlier，表示“之前，早些時(shí)候”，符合語境。

　　5. making考查非謂語動詞。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)和遣詞造句分析，finish后需接動名詞作賓語。故填入動詞make的動名詞形式。

　　6. Anyway/Besides考查副詞。句意：無論如何，他也不可能除了帶上網(wǎng)球用品外，再帶上一盤子三明治，因此我敢肯定不是他。根據(jù)語境可知anyway符合句意，而副詞besides含有“此外”之意，也符合語境，但兩個(gè)單詞在書寫時(shí)必須首字母大寫。

　　7. it考查代詞。由上文的Oh, it must have been Dad.的語境也可分析，此處該用人稱代詞it，即強(qiáng)調(diào)“心中所指”的人。

　　8. the考查冠詞。此處為特定的表達(dá)，即特指家里的冰箱，故用定冠詞the。

　　9. must考查情態(tài)動詞。由上文的語境left them on the table也可分析，此處該是表示對過去的肯定推測，故用must have done，即表示“對過去事情的肯定推測”。此句句意：電話響的時(shí)候，我一定是把它們放在那里了。故填入情態(tài)動詞must。

　　10. mind/memory根據(jù)語境可知，媽媽什么都不記得了，故認(rèn)為自己失去了“記憶”。