動(dòng)詞-ing形式用法小議

動(dòng)詞-ing形式具有動(dòng)詞的特征，同時(shí)也有名詞和形容詞的特征，所以在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語、賓語、表語和定語的用法。

【例句呈現(xiàn)】觀察以下句子，注意動(dòng)詞-ing形式所作的成分及用法。

1. Listening to music is one of my favorite hobbies.

2. It’s no use talking to him; he won’t change his mind.

3. Joan suggested asking her father for his opinion.

4. He made a poor living by selling newspapers on the train.

5. His job is teaching physics in a local middle school.

6. The speech he made was encouraging indeed.

7. The reading room of our school library is big enough to hold 800 people.

8. You’d better not make so much noise. You might wake up the sleeping child.

9. The large building being built across the street will be a hospital.

10. The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.

【用法小結(jié)】

1. 在句1、句2中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語：

表示一般或抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。

在句型It’s + no use (no good, useless, a waste of time ...) + doing sth.中，it是形式主語，后面的動(dòng)詞-ing短語作真正的主語。

2. 在句3、句4中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語：

有些動(dòng)詞后常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：admit, consider, dislike, avoid, enjoy, escape, mind, miss, finish, keep, imagine, risk, practise等。

作介詞的賓語。注意：在某些固定句型中，介詞可以省略。如：sb. has difficulty (in) doing sth.。

3. 在句5、句6中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語：

用來說明主語的內(nèi)容。

表示主語所具有的性質(zhì)、特征等。

4. 在句7至句10中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語：

說明被修飾名詞的用途，通?？梢愿臑閒or短語。如：the reading room = the room for reading閱覽室。再比如：reading materials閱讀材料；a shopping bag購物袋；an operating table手術(shù)臺(tái)；a washing machine洗衣機(jī)等。

表示所修飾名詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成對應(yīng)的定語從句。如the sleeping child = the child who is sleeping。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（being done）作定語表示某動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞-ing形式完成式（having done）作定語表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。

【學(xué)以致用】 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. All the staff in our company are considering _____ to the city centre for the fashion show

A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone

2. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had _____ home in the snowstorm.

A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking

3. Peter received a letter just now _____ his grandma would come to see him soon.

A. said B. says C. saying D. to say

4. It is difficult to imagine his _____ the decision without any consideration.

A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted

5. The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making

6. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____ the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

Key: 1-6 BDCBBD