時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容,廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day,year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問(wèn)句:①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí): 概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, lastweek(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, longlong ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞 否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問(wèn)句:①was或were放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing 否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。 基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing 否定形式:was/were + not + doing. 一般疑問(wèn)句:把was或were放于句首。 五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years,etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done 否定形式:have/has + not +d one. 一般疑問(wèn)句:have或has。 六、過(guò)去完成時(shí): 概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done. 否定形式:had + not + done. 一般疑問(wèn)句:had放于句首。 七、一般將來(lái)時(shí): 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a fewminutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to +do;②will/shall + do. 否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問(wèn)句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。 八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): 概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the next day(morning, year…),the followingmonth(week…),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to +do;②would/should + do. 否定形式:①was/were/not + goingto + do;②would/should + not + do. 一般疑問(wèn)句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。 Ⅱ. 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式: 一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái),媽媽!”請(qǐng)看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換 “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來(lái)時(shí)“will (shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞 shall。在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看: We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 初中常用動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié) 1.Enjoy/like/love/be fond of doing sth. 喜歡做某事 eg:She is fond of doing chemicalexperiments. 她喜歡做化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。 2.Keep/keep on/carry on/go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 eg:We keep on going on andon cause this is where we both belong. 讓我們一直擁有,并走下去,因?yàn)檫@是我們倆共同擁有的。 3.Feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 eg:I feel like giving up on the job. 我覺(jué)得我不能從工作中擺脫出來(lái)。 4.Practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事 eg:They practice doing so quickly andaccurately. 他們學(xué)習(xí)快而準(zhǔn)確的做。 5.Give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 eg:If my boss asks me to do such kindof thing any more, I'll give up working.如果我老板再要我做這樣的事,我就辭職不干了 6.Be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅長(zhǎng)做某事 eg:For example, the Dutch do well indisposing of wastes. 歐洲就非常善于使用再生資源,例如:荷蘭的垃圾。 7.Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 eg:We should pay attention to ourbehavior in public. 在公共場(chǎng)所應(yīng)注意自己的言談舉止。 8.What about/how about doing sth. ……怎么樣(好嗎)? eg:What about editing of the film? 這部電影的編輯怎么樣呢? 9.Thank you for doing sth. 為……感謝某人 eg:Thank you for flying with us. 謝謝您乘坐我們的飛機(jī)。 10.Mind doing sth. 介意做某事 eg:Would you mind doing me a favour? 你介意幫我個(gè)忙嗎? 11.Be used for doing sth./be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事 eg:Computers are used to do many jobsin the office. 電腦在辦公室被用來(lái)做很多事。 12.Spend… (in) doing sth. 花時(shí)間做某事 eg:How much time you spend doing daily exercise? 你每天花多少時(shí)間做運(yùn)動(dòng)? 13.Be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事 eg:He is busy with some important work.他忙著處理一些重要的工作。 14.Finish doing sth. 做完某事 eg:You'd better finish doing yourhomework tonight. 你最好今晚完成家庭作業(yè)。 15.Make a contribution to doing sth. 在……做貢獻(xiàn) eg:We will try our best to make acontribution to lighting industry. 竭力為照明事業(yè)做出貢獻(xiàn)! 16.Prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡……勝過(guò)…… eg:He prefers doing to talking. 他寧愿做,不愿說(shuō)。 17.Be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事 eg:Life is not fair, get used to it. 生活是不公平的,但我們要適應(yīng)它。 18.Keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 eg:Unless we get more funding, we'll be prevented from finishing ourexperimental programme. 除非我們得到更多的撥款,否則就會(huì)妨礙完成這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃。 |
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