Nginx 是一個(gè)輕量級(jí)高性能的 Web 服務(wù)器, 并發(fā)處理能力強(qiáng), 消耗資源小, 無(wú)論是靜態(tài)服務(wù)器還是網(wǎng)站, Nginx 表現(xiàn)更加出色, 作為 Apache 的補(bǔ)充和替代使用率越來(lái)越高，目前很多大型網(wǎng)站都在使用Nginx做為 Web 服務(wù)器，例如：人人網(wǎng)。另外淘寶研發(fā)大軍針對(duì)大訪問(wèn)量網(wǎng)站的需求，對(duì)Nginx做了專門的定制，添加了很多高級(jí)功能和特性（Tengine），Tengine的性能和穩(wěn)定性已經(jīng)在大型的網(wǎng)站如淘寶網(wǎng)，天貓商城等得到了很好的檢驗(yàn)。

本文將講解如何在Ubuntu Linux上使用 Nginx Web服務(wù)器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)一臺(tái)電腦一個(gè)端口(80)搭建多個(gè)網(wǎng)站。

絕大多數(shù)的 Nginx 運(yùn)行在 Linux 機(jī)器上, 雖然有 Windows 移植版,但在Windows下的測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)Nginx發(fā)揮不是很好. 所以本文將以 Linux 為例講解, 而 Mac OS 或其他 Unix like 機(jī)器上的操作應(yīng)該是一樣的.

Nginx版本

lg@lg-PC:~$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.3.10

nginx配置文件默認(rèn)目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

/etc/nginx/
├── conf.d
│   ├── default.conf
│   ├── example_ssl.conf
├── fastcgi.conf
├── fastcgi_params
├── koi-utf
├── koi-win
├── mime.types
├── nginx.conf
├── scgi_params
├── uwsgi_params
└── win-utf

1 directory, 11 files

增加 Nginx 虛擬主機(jī)

配置 Virtual host 步驟如下:

1.檢查/etc/nginx/nginx.conf配置文件，確保文件中有：include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;   例如：

user  lg;
worker_processes  2;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    debug_connection 127.0.0.1;
    debug_connection 192.168.1.0/24;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    client_max_body_size        13m;
    #gzip  on;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

2.關(guān)鍵步驟，在目錄/etc/nginx/conf.d/下面新建文件site1.conf，site2.conf，文件名任意寫，自己看明白就OK，后綴名需要與步驟1配置的一致，這里為.conf。site1代表我們的第一個(gè)站點(diǎn)，site2代表我們的第二個(gè)站點(diǎn)，下面我們看看兩個(gè)文件都需要寫點(diǎn)什么：

site1.conf：

server {
	listen		80;
	server_name	~^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$;
	#charset koi8-r;
	error_page  404  /404.html;
	# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
	#
	error_page   500 503 504  /50x.html;
	error_log	/var/log/nginx/debug.log debug;
	index	index.html index.htm;
	root /home/lg/www/;

	location /svn {
		root /home/lg/www/;
		index index.html;
	}

        location = /favicon.ico {
        	try_files $uri $uri/favicon.ico /home/lg/www/favicon.ico =404;
        }

	location /share {
		root /home/lg/Downloads;
	}

        # Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store(Mac).
        location ~ /\. {
            deny all;
        }

	location ^~ /packages {
		root /home/lg/Downloads/1software;
		autoindex on;
		autoindex_exact_size on;
		autoindex_localtime on;
		allow	all;
	}

	location ^~ /Music {
		root /home/lg/;
		autoindex on;
		autoindex_exact_size on;
		autoindex_localtime on;
		allow	all;
	}

	location ^~ /Videos {
		root /home/lg/;
		autoindex on;
		autoindex_exact_size on;
		autoindex_localtime on;
		allow	all;
	}

	location ^~ /html5 {
		root /home/lg/workspace/nodejs/;
		index index.html index.htm;
	}

	location ^~ /NginxStatus {
		stub_status	on;
		access_log	on;
		#auth_basic	'NginxStatus';
		#auth_basic_user_file	conf.d/htpasswd
	}

	location = /50x.html {
		root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
	}

	location = /404.html {
		root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
	}
}

site2.conf:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  ~^$;
    root   /home/lg/workspace/phpworkspace/wp;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    location = /favicon.ico {
        try_files /home/lg/www/favicon.ico =404;
        #log_not_found off;
	#access_log off;
    }

    # Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store(Mac).
    location ~ /\. {
	deny all;
    }

    location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*\.php$ {
	deny all;
    }

    location / {
	try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~* ^.+\.(ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff|mp4|ttf|rss|atom|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf)$ {
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        expires max;
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
	expires 24h;
	log_not_found off;
    }

    error_page  404              /404.html;

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
	try_files $uri =404;
	fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
	fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    }
}

3.測(cè)試配置文件，沒(méi)問(wèn)題就加載新配置文件

lg@lg-PC:~$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
lg@lg-PC:~$ sudo kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
lg@lg-PC:~$

4.打開文件/etc/hosts，添加

127.0.0.1		

5.打開瀏覽器分別請(qǐng)求下面的地址進(jìn)行測(cè)試，如果相應(yīng)內(nèi)容不一樣，那么咱們就大功告成了。

http://127.0.0.1

http://

到這里，大家也許已經(jīng)明白怎么回事了，我再羅嗦兩句，我這里的site1.conf相當(dāng)與一個(gè)靜態(tài)文件服務(wù)器，site2.conf是一個(gè)php的網(wǎng)站，大家可以看到配置文件中加粗顯示的兩行：listen和server_name分別代表監(jiān)聽端口和虛擬主機(jī)名稱。80端口沒(méi)得說(shuō)，重點(diǎn)解釋下server_name，server_name用的是正則表達(dá)式，~^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$匹配所有的ip地址，~^$匹配，這里也可以直接寫成server_name    127.0.0.1;或者server_name      ;

當(dāng)我們請(qǐng)求http://127.0.0.1/時(shí)，nginx會(huì)使用兩個(gè)server_name配置的正則表達(dá)式分別去測(cè)試請(qǐng)求地址中的127.0.0.1來(lái)決定使用那個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)，這里當(dāng)然就是使用site1.conf中配置的server了。當(dāng)我們請(qǐng)求http:///時(shí)，nginx就會(huì)選擇使用site2.conf中配置的server了。