主謂一致 學(xué)案 【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 1.掌握英語主謂一致的一般規(guī)律,熟練運(yùn)用人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致的原則。 2.能夠在書面表達(dá)中杜絕主謂一致方面的錯誤。 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】 1. 謂語動詞用單數(shù)的種種情況。 2. 就近原則。 3. 定語從句中的主謂一致。 【自主學(xué)習(xí)】 主謂一致指的是謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。處理主謂一致問題,可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則:語法上一致、意義上一致和就近一致。根據(jù)這些原則,總結(jié)如下: 謂語動詞用單數(shù) (1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般要用單數(shù)動詞。 例如:To work hard _____ necessary.努力工作是必要的。
Reading without comprehension is It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)表示時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語做主語時,謂語用_____。 例如:Two weeks was too long.兩周太長了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是個小數(shù)目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。
One and a half bananas is left on
(3)主語是單數(shù)時,盡管后面跟as well as (以及),no
Every teacher as well as his
(4)某些不定代詞,如:either, neither, each, one, other, another, anybody, anyone, 例如:Each of the boys ____ an apple.每個孩子都有蘋果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用電話。 Everything around us is matter.我們周圍一切都是物質(zhì)。 (5)用and連接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等詞修飾時,意義為單數(shù),動詞也相應(yīng)地用單數(shù)形式。
例如:In China, every boy and girl ____ the right
Each man and woman who ____ the
Many a student and teacher _____ (6) none(of+名詞或代詞)在正式文體中被看做單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù),但非正式文體中也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如:None of us seem to have thought of it.我們中似乎沒有人想到它。
“Is there any letter for me?”
None of the drivers has (have) 【探究提升】 . 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
(1)用and, 例如:Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡膠永不生銹。
He and I _____classmates when we
____ _____these novels _____ Few people know it.幾乎無人知道。
(2)集體名詞people, 例如:The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。 Most police wear uniforms.絕大多數(shù)警察穿制服。
The cattle are grazing in the (3)當(dāng)表示民族的詞與冠詞合用充當(dāng)主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如:The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。
The English are more conservative (4)某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類人。作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如:The rich ____ not always selfish.富人不總是自私的。 The wounded are well treated here.傷員在這兒接受良好治療。
The aged _____ from various (5)不可數(shù)名詞作主語,其前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
例如:Three million tons of coal were exported that
Two million square meters of 主謂一致的幾種特殊情況 1.就近原則。 有時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致,主要有以下兩種情況:
(1)用連詞either...or,
例如:What he does or what he says does not concern
Either the boy or the girl knows
Neither money nor fame____ ______ Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都錯了。 (2)在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞往往和后面的第一個主語取得一致。 例如:Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母親和妹妹們在哪里?
____ ___a book, two pencils and
2.集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語表示的意思和數(shù),當(dāng)表示整體時候,謂語動詞就用單數(shù),當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個體時候,謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。這些集體名詞如:army, audience, band ,government The family _____ watching TV.全家人正在看電視。 The committee meets twice a month.委員會一月開兩次會。
The committee are divided in The audience _____ enormous.觀眾人很多。
The audience ______ greatly moved 3.一些表示數(shù)量的短語與名詞連用時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)。名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),反之就用單數(shù)。
這些短語有:a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a heap of (heaps 例如:Lots of damage _____ caused by the fire.火災(zāi)造成了很大的損失。
Two thirds of people present _____
40 percent of the students _____ from
____ number of students _____ 4.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞做主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)必須與其先行詞一致。
例如:I, who ____ your friend, will try
Each of us who ____ his classmates
.5.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語與謂語的數(shù): 【深度探究】
1.Mathematics
2.Many a student _
3.It is futile to discuss the matter further
4.Three weeks _ allowed for
5.Bread and butter _ |
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