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英語主謂一致

 昵稱2040955 2015-08-21

   主謂一致 學(xué)案



【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】



1.掌握英語主謂一致的一般規(guī)律,熟練運(yùn)用人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致的原則。



2.能夠在書面表達(dá)中杜絕主謂一致方面的錯誤。



【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】



1.  謂語動詞用單數(shù)的種種情況。



2.  就近原則。



3.  定語從句中的主謂一致。



【自主學(xué)習(xí)】



主謂一致指的是謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。處理主謂一致問題,可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則:語法上一致、意義上一致和就近一致。根據(jù)這些原則,總結(jié)如下:



謂語動詞用單數(shù)



(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般要用單數(shù)動詞。



例如:To work hard _____ necessary.努力工作是必要的。



Reading without comprehension is
no good.只讀不理解是不好的。



It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。



 (2)表示時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語做主語時,謂語用_____。



例如:Two weeks was too long.兩周太長了。



Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是個小數(shù)目。



Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。



One and a half bananas is left on
the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。



(3)主語是單數(shù)時,盡管后面跟as well as (以及),no
less than (不少于……,多 達(dá)),rather
than(而不是),more
than(不止是,超過),but(除了),except(……)besides( 加之,還有)with(……一起,和……一塊兒)along with(……一起),accompanied
by ( ……陪同),combined with(加上),in addition to(……以外),including(包括),together
with(……一起)等,謂語動詞仍用______形式。



Every teacher as well as his
students _____ (hope) to see their progress.



(4)某些不定代詞,如:either, neither, each, one, other, another, anybody, anyone,
anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no
one, nothing 等,當(dāng)他們做主語時,其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。



例如:Each of the boys ____ an apple.每個孩子都有蘋果。



Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用電話。



Everything around us is matter.我們周圍一切都是物質(zhì)。



(5)and連接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等詞修飾時,意義為單數(shù),動詞也相應(yīng)地用單數(shù)形式。



例如:In China, every boy and girl ____ the right
to compulsory education.在中國每個兒童都有權(quán)利接受義務(wù)教育。 (注意上學(xué)期練習(xí)題中曾經(jīng)考查過)



Each man and woman who ____ the
TOEFL is supposed to get the score report in five weeks.參加托??荚嚨拿總€人都能在五個星期內(nèi)收到成績通知單。



Many a student and teacher _____
seen the film.不少老師和學(xué)生都看過這部影片。



(6) none(of+名詞或代詞)在正式文體中被看做單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù),但非正式文體中也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。



例如:None of us seem to have thought of it.我們中似乎沒有人想到它。



“Is there any letter for me?”
“Sorry, there’s none.”“有我的信嗎”?“對不起,沒有。



None of the drivers has (have)
turned up.一個司機(jī)都沒有來。



【探究提升】



. 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)



(1)and,
both...and連接的并列主語,或在both,(a)few, many, several等修飾語后面謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。



例如:Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡膠永不生銹。



He and I _____classmates when we
were at college.他和我大學(xué)時曾是同班同學(xué)。



____ _____these novels _____
interesting.這兩部小說都有意思。



Few people know it.幾乎無人知道。



(2)集體名詞people,
police, public, militia, cattle, class, youth等,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。



例如:The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。



Most police wear uniforms.絕大多數(shù)警察穿制服。



The cattle are grazing in the
sunshine.一群牛在陽光下吃草。



(3)當(dāng)表示民族的詞與冠詞合用充當(dāng)主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。



例如:The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。



The English are more conservative
and less talkative than the Americans.英國人比美國人保守且不愛說話。



(4)某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類人。作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。



例如:The rich ____ not always selfish.富人不總是自私的。



The wounded are well treated here.傷員在這兒接受良好治療。



The aged _____ from various
miseries in this country.老年人在這個國家承受各種悲慘遭遇。



(5)不可數(shù)名詞作主語,其前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。



例如:Three million tons of coal were exported that
year.那年出口三百萬噸煤。



Two million square meters of
housing were constructed in my hometown last year.我的家鄉(xiāng)去年蓋了二百萬平方米的住宅。



主謂一致的幾種特殊情況



1.就近原則。



有時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致,主要有以下兩種情況:



(1)用連詞either...or,
neither...nor, whether...or, not only...but(also),or等連接的并列主語,如果一個是單數(shù),一個是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語一致。



例如:What he does or what he says does not concern
me.他做什么或是他說什么與我無關(guān)。



Either the boy or the girl knows
him well.不是這男孩就是那女孩了解他。



Neither money nor fame____ ______
on me. 錢和榮譽(yù)都不會讓我動心。



Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都錯了。



(2)在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞往往和后面的第一個主語取得一致。



例如:Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母親和妹妹們在哪里?



____ ___a book, two pencils and
some buttons on the table.在桌子上,有一本書,兩支鉛筆和一些扣子。



2.集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語表示的意思和數(shù),當(dāng)表示整體時候,謂語動詞就用單數(shù),當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個體時候,謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。這些集體名詞如:army, audience, band ,government
,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等

例如:The family _____ the basic unit of
our society.家庭是社會的基本單元。



The family _____ watching TV.全家人正在看電視。



The committee meets twice a month.委員會一月開兩次會。



The committee are divided in
opinion.委員會意見有分歧。



The audience _____ enormous.觀眾人很多。



The audience ______ greatly moved
at the words.聽了這話聽眾都很感動。



3.一些表示數(shù)量的短語與名詞連用時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)。名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),反之就用單數(shù)。



這些短語有:a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a heap of (heaps
of),half of, two thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, rest of, some of, none
of等。



例如:Lots of damage _____ caused by the fire.火災(zāi)造成了很大的損失。



Two thirds of people present _____
women.在場三分之二的人是婦女。



40 percent of the students _____ from
the south of China.40%的學(xué)生來自中國的南方。



____ number of students _____
late.許多同學(xué)遲到了。



4.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞做主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)必須與其先行詞一致。



例如:I, who ____ your friend, will try
my best to help you.
我作為你的朋友會盡力幫助你。來自輔導(dǎo)班定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題



Each of us who ____ his classmates
____ willing to help him.我們這些他的同班同學(xué)都樂意幫助他。



.5.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語與謂語的數(shù):

第一組: a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) a number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) the majority of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)

第二組; the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用(   
注意:本知次考的考重點(diǎn)

第三組; more than one + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) many a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)

第四組; the greater part of, a large proportion of, 50% of ,one
third of, plenty of the rest of 謂語的數(shù)與of
后面的名詞一致

第五組; (n)either…(n)or…. not only….. but
also …… not …..but …… 謂語的數(shù)與主語的第二部分(即(n)or/ but also/ but引導(dǎo)的后面部分)一致. 注意比較:
More students than one ____been referred to . More than one student ____ going
to buy this book



【深度探究】



1.Mathematics
as well as physics always _ me a lot if
headaches.

A. has caused      B. are
causing      C. cause      D.
causes



2.Many a student _
the importance of learning a foreign language .

A. have realized   B. has realized      C. have
been realized   D. has been realized



3.It is futile to discuss the matter further
,because _ going to agree upon anything today.

A. neither you nor I
are               
B. neither you nor me is

C. neither you nor I
am                
D. neither me nor you are



4.Three weeks _ allowed for
making the necessary preparations.

A. was           B. were         
C. being            D. was
to be



5.Bread and butter _
liked by Westerners.

A. is            B. are          
C. were            
D. be

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