sysctl命令被用于在內(nèi)核運(yùn)行時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)地修改內(nèi)核的運(yùn)行參數(shù)，可用的內(nèi)核參數(shù)在目錄/proc/sys中。它包含一些TCP/ip堆棧和虛擬內(nèi)存系統(tǒng)的高級(jí)選項(xiàng)， 這可以讓有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的管理員提高引人注目的系統(tǒng)性能。用sysctl可以讀取設(shè)置超過(guò)五百個(gè)系統(tǒng)變量。

語(yǔ)法

sysctl(選項(xiàng))(參數(shù))

選項(xiàng)

-n：打印值時(shí)不打印關(guān)鍵字；
-e：忽略未知關(guān)鍵字錯(cuò)誤；
-N：僅打印名稱；
-w：當(dāng)改變sysctl設(shè)置時(shí)使用此項(xiàng)；
-p：從配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加載內(nèi)核參數(shù)設(shè)置；
-a：打印當(dāng)前所有可用的內(nèi)核參數(shù)變量和值；
-A：以表格方式打印當(dāng)前所有可用的內(nèi)核參數(shù)變量和值。

參數(shù)

變量=值：設(shè)置內(nèi)核參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)的變量值。

實(shí)例

查看所有可讀變量：

sysctl -a

讀一個(gè)指定的變量，例如kern.maxproc：

sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044

要設(shè)置一個(gè)指定的變量，直接用variable=value這樣的語(yǔ)法：

sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000
kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000

您可以使用sysctl修改系統(tǒng)變量，也可以通過(guò)編輯sysctl.conf文件來(lái)修改系統(tǒng)變量。sysctl.conf看起來(lái)很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式來(lái)設(shè)定值。指定的值在系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入多用戶模式之后被設(shè)定。并不是所有的變量都可以在這個(gè)模式下設(shè)定。

sysctl變量的設(shè)置通常是字符串、數(shù)字或者布爾型。（布爾型用 1 來(lái)表示'yes'，用 0 來(lái)表示'no'）。

sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0
sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1

配置sysctl

編輯此文件：/etc/sysctl.conf

如果該文件為空，則輸入以下內(nèi)容，否則請(qǐng)根據(jù)情況自己做調(diào)整：

# Controls source route verification
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1

# Disables IP source routing
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm
# Only uncomment if needed!
# kernel.shmmax = 67108864

# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0

# enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200

# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

# Turn on the tcp_sack
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

# tcp_fack should be on because of sack
net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1

# Turn on the tcp_timestamps
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1

# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Enable ignoring broadcasts request
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

# Enable bad error message Protection
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

# make more local ports available
# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

# set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′
net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5

# Lower syn retry rates
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3

# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048

# Various Settings
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024

# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached
net.core.hot_list_length = 256

# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000

# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues
net.core.rmem_default = 65535
net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608
net.core.wmem_default = 65535
net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608
net.core.optmem_max = 40960

如果希望屏蔽別人 ping 你的主機(jī)，則加入以下代碼：

# Disable ping requests
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

編輯完成后，請(qǐng)執(zhí)行以下命令使變動(dòng)立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p
/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1