一、時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,若主句為過去時態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個,即一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時,一般過去時也變?yōu)檫^去完成時,等等。另外,若直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞can, may等,也應(yīng)變成過去式could, might等。如: “I like to watch TV,” she said. 她說:“我喜歡看電視?!?/p> →She said that she liked to watch TV. 她說她喜歡看電視。 He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他說:“我在等她?!?/p> →He said that he was waiting for her. 他說他在等她。 “It will rain soon,” he said. 他說:“很快就會下雨。” →He said that it would rain soon. 他說很快就會下雨。 “She can swim,” he said. 他說:“她會游泳?!?/p> →He said that she could swim. 他說她會游泳。 注意: 若直接引語為客觀真理,則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變: The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老師說:“地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)?!?/p> →The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)也可不變: He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他說:“我是1954年生的?!?/p> →He said that he was born in 1954. 他說他是1954年生的。 二、時間狀語的變化直接引語變間接引語時,有些時間狀語根據(jù)情況也要相應(yīng)的改動:如將now改為then,將today 改為that day,將tonight改為that night,將yesterday改為the day before,將this month改為that month,將last week改為the week before,將three years ago改為three years before,將tomorrow改為the next day,將next year改為the next year,等等。如: He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他說:“我現(xiàn)在很忙?!?/p> →He said that he was very busy then. 他說他當(dāng)時很忙。 He said, “I want to leave today.” 他說:“他想今天離開?!?/p> →He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他說他想那天就離開。 He said, “She left yesterday.” 他說:“她昨天離開了。” →He said that she had left the day before. 他說她前一天就離開了。 She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她說:“我明天告訴你?!?/p> →She said that she would tell me the next day. 她說她第二天告訴我。 以上變化有時應(yīng)視情況而定,若在當(dāng)時轉(zhuǎn)述,now不必改為then;若在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改為that day, the day before, the next day等;若在當(dāng)周轉(zhuǎn)述,this week, last week 不必改為that week, the last week;若在當(dāng)年轉(zhuǎn)述,this year, last year 不必改為that year, the last year等。 三、代詞的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有些代詞也要作相應(yīng)的變化,如指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。同時人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等也要根據(jù)具體情況作出合理的調(diào)整。如: He said, “ this is the best.” 他說:“我認(rèn)為這是最好的?!?/p> →He said that he thought that was the best. 他說他認(rèn)為那是最好的。 “I’ll send you a card, Sue,” Ann said. “休,我將給你寄一張明信片,”安說。 →Ann told Sue she’d send her a card. 安告訴休她將給她寄一張明信片。 注:若場所和地點(diǎn)不發(fā)生改變,this和that也可以不變。 四、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化主要涉及的地點(diǎn)狀語是here,它在間接引語中通常要變?yōu)閠here。如: “I’ve live here for 10 years,” he said. 他說:“我在這兒已住了10年?!?/p> →He said that he had lived there for 10 years. 他說他在那兒住了10年。 注:若在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,則here也可不必改為there。 五、動詞的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有個別動詞也可能需要改變,如come改為go,bring改為take等。如: “He will come today.” she said. 她說:“他今天會來。” →She said that he would go that day. 她說他那天會去。 注:若地點(diǎn)和場所未發(fā)生改變,come和bring等也可不變。 六、詞序的變化對于直接引語為疑問句的情形,由于變?yōu)殚g接引語后“疑問句”變成了賓語從句,所以要注意將疑問句詞序改為陳述句詞序。如: “Do you know this man?” he asked. “你認(rèn)識這個人嗎?”他問。 →He asked if I knew that man. 他問我是否認(rèn)識那個人。 “Is anyone late for class?” he asked. 他問道:“上課有人遲到嗎?” →He asked if anyone was late for class. 他問上課是否有人遲到。 “What do you do in the evening?” he asked “你一般晚上做什么?”他問。 →He asks what I did in the evening. 他問我晚上一般干什么。 七、句式的變化有時由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,其句式也要發(fā)生變化。如當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句時,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常應(yīng)將祈使句改用ask sb to do sth句式。如: “Come early tomorrow, Jim,” he said. 他說:“吉姆,明天早點(diǎn)來?!?/p> →He told Jim to come early the next day. 他叫吉姆第二天早點(diǎn)來。 He said, “Don’t open the door.” 他說:“別開門。” He told me not to open the door. 他叫我別開門。 注: 除動詞 ask, tell, order 外,有時也可能用其他動詞。如: “Remember to switch off all the lights,” she said. 她說:“記著把所有的燈關(guān)掉?!?/p> She reminded me to switch off all the lights. 她提醒我把所有的燈關(guān)掉。 若祈使句中沒有呼語,應(yīng)根據(jù)句意給動詞 ask, tell, order 等補(bǔ)上適當(dāng)?shù)馁e語。如: “Be quiet, Tom,” the teacher said. “湯姆,安靜點(diǎn),”老師說。 The teacher told Tom to be quiet. 老師叫湯姆安靜。
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