50 ways to cut yourinjection molding cycle time.

縮短注射周期的50種方法

By JosephOgando

Time ismoney. Opportunities to save some of both are often overlooked. Try out thesetips from experts who spend their time trimming the fat off molding cycles.

時間就是金錢。其實節(jié)約時間與金錢的機會無所不在，但是常常為我們所忽略。請試試以下觀點，看看專家們在注射過程中如何節(jié)約時間的。

Whatmolder doesn't want to reduce cycle times? No, not the kind of shortcuts thatsacrifice part quality. We're talking about cycle-time improvements that feedyour bottom line, not your grinder. 'Just about anyone can cut their cycletimes. The real trick is doing so without ruining the part,' says DonnSeres, president of Injection Molding Industries, a vendor of mold-cooling systemsin Lake Orion, Mich.

什么樣的成型商不愿意縮短循環(huán)周期？不，并不是以犧牲產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量為代價去縮短成型周期。我們所說的是通過改進，使循環(huán)周期達到最小，而不是像現(xiàn)在磨洋工的方法。注射工業(yè)公司是一家位于Lake Orion，Mich的銷售模具冷卻系統(tǒng)的公司，該公司總裁Donn Seres說：“我們縮短循環(huán)周期，真正的訣竅在于并不需要對制件有任何的傷害?！?/span>

Withthat challenge in mind, take a look at the following collection of time-andcost-saving tips. It was put together with the help of technical-serviceprofessionals and auxiliary-equipment vendors who spend much of their timecoming up with the kind of cycle-time strategies that can help your processfly.

記住這樣一點，然后請看一看下邊這樣一些專家的忠告。這是一些技術(shù)服務(wù)專家和輔助設(shè)備銷售商花費大量時間和精力對各種不同的成型周期戰(zhàn)略進行研究總結(jié)出來的，我們相信這將有助于您的加工業(yè)突飛猛進。

Theirrecommendations are organized by topic areas: the mold, the press, thematerial, and the auxiliaries, among others. When looking for savings, keep inmind this rule of thumb: injection molding cycle times are 5% injection, 80%cooling, and 15% ejection.

這些忠告共分為五部分：模具、注射機、材料、輔助設(shè)備、其他。在看以下條目之前，請記住這樣一條準則：注射成型周期是由5%注射、80％冷卻和15%射膠組成的。

Much ofwhat the experts offer is common sense, pure and simple. But there's probably anugget or two of gold here for even the most experienced molders. Anyone canoccasionally overlook some of the basics.

大多數(shù)專家的觀點都是最普通，最簡潔的。但是其中也不乏幾條堪稱為金科玉律的觀點，甚至對經(jīng)驗豐富的注射成型人員也是如此。同樣，任何人也都可能忽略了一些最基本的原則。

Keep inmind that most of these tips work' best as part of a comprehensive strategy. 'Youcan never really separate the contributing factors of cycle time. They arealways related,' explains Blair Souder, manager of injection molding at GEPlastics' Polymer Process Development Center in Pittsfield, Mass.

GE塑料聚合物加工開發(fā)中心注射成型經(jīng)理Blair Souder解釋說：“你決不能脫離注射周期相關(guān)的一些因素而單獨談某一條忠告如何如何。各種影響因素常常是相關(guān)的?！币虼?，我們應(yīng)該記住，這些觀點大多數(shù)都是整體戰(zhàn)略非常有效的一部分。

In fact,some of the items here don't have much of a direct influence on cycle time -but their indirect influence can be helpful or harmful. To take a commonlycited example, some molders compensate for improperly dried resin by addingexcess heat to the process, which in turn extends cycle times. Or considerscrew selection: Rich Lair, product support manager at Hoechst TechnicalPolymers in Summit, N.J., points out that molders may try to overcome poormixing by increasing barrel heat or backpressure, both of which can needlesslylengthen cycle times. 'Many molders stick with the general-purpose screwall the time, but they may need to choose the right screw for a given application,'says Lair.

事實上，有一些建議對循環(huán)周期并沒有直接的影響，但是這些間接因素對縮短成型周期可能有利也可能有害。我們引用一個常見的例子，有些成型商為了補償物料干燥的不足，在加工時額外的增加熱量，從而導(dǎo)致成型周期加長。再如，螺桿的選擇，Hoechst TechnicalPolymers產(chǎn)品支持經(jīng)理Rich Lair指出，成型商常常通過增加螺筒溫度或背壓來改善混合的不足，但是這兩種方法常常都會無謂地延長注射周期，他說：“許多成型加工商不管在什么時候都使用普通螺桿，對于某些特定的用途他們可能需要選擇正確的螺桿?！?/span>

Giventhe vast differences among molding applications, every tip here won't applyacross the board, but the bulk of them can make a difference in just about anyprocess. John Morine, director of engineering for M.A. Hanna ResinDistribution, Lemont, Ill., believes that the biggest and most accessiblecycle-time reductions come from improvements in mold cooling, barrel heating,and resin drying, as well as from holding to proper temperature settings.'Making sure you have these things right can solve most of yourproblems,' he advises.

不同的注塑過程有許多區(qū)別，并非每一條建議都可以直接應(yīng)用，但是其中大多數(shù)建議在任何加工過程中都可以有不同的應(yīng)用。M. A. Hanna 樹脂部工程經(jīng)理John Morine認為，縮短注射成型周期最易于實現(xiàn)的途徑來源于模具冷卻、螺筒加熱和樹脂干燥系統(tǒng)的改進以及保持正確的溫度設(shè)置，“確保這些部分的正確設(shè)置可以解決大多數(shù)的注射周期問題?！?/span>

Afterexhausting the quick fixes, you might still find yourself up against thecycle-time wall. You might then be ready to try more involved and costlymeasures to achieve savings. These factors come into play when you build a newtool or retrofit an old one. Brand-new or rebuilt molding machines and upgradedauxiliary equipment can also remedy long cycles in many cases.

在筋疲力盡的快速檢修過后，你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)還是要面對成型周期的問題，這時你終于下定決心還是做一些復(fù)雜而昂貴的測量以節(jié)約注射周期。這些因素當你借助一種新的工具時它們又會發(fā)生新的變化。采用新型號或更換一臺注射機，升級輔助設(shè)備在很多情況下都能解決成型周期過長的問題。

Onceyou've identified and eliminated all the big time wasters in your process,there are still incremental gains to be had by focusing on material selection,screw choice, and process optimization. 'That last tenth of a percent ofimprovement will be the toughest,' notes Morine.

當你識別并消除了加工過程中浪費時間的所有主要因素后，繼續(xù)關(guān)注物料選擇、螺桿選擇以及加工過程的優(yōu)化，你還可以有新的收獲。Morine說：“最后10%的改進將是最艱苦的?！?/span>

KEEPING COOL

保持冷卻

1. Loweryour mold temperature if you can. All the technical-service professionalsinterviewed tell of instances where they found mold temperatures higher thanwere needed to provide good physical properties.

1. 如果可以，盡量采用較低的模具溫度。所有的技術(shù)服務(wù)專家都舉過這樣的例子：即采用較高的模具溫度（高于實際需要溫度）可以達到較好的物理性能。

2. Whenprocessing amorphous resins, experiment with colder molds, says Rich Lair ofHoechst. Users of crystalline resins, on the other hand, need to be aware thatthey could reduce crystallinity - and part properties - if the mold temperaturedrops too much. Citing nylon as an example, Lair says, 'We recommend atemperature of 150-170 F, but there are cases where molders can get by with acooler mold if they're not concerned about losing crystallinity.'

2. Rich Lair 用較冷的模具進行無定形樹脂的成型實驗。而結(jié)晶型樹脂則不同，若模腔溫度太低，可能減少晶化，降低制件性能。他說：“對于尼龍加工，我們推薦的模腔溫度為150-170F，但是當有時減少晶化對制品質(zhì)量影響不大時也可以選用較低的模具溫度?！?/span>

3. Newmetallocene poly-olefin plastomers and elastomers run well at colder-than-usualtemperatures, according to Wendy Hoenig, a research leader at Dow Plastics,Midland, Mich. She says a cool mold can cut cycle times by 25-30% with theseresins. The target mold temperature, she says, is 50 F on both core and cavityside - as opposed to the 80 F you might expect for standard polyethylenes (seePT, April '95, p. 60).

3. 根據(jù)Dow塑料公司Wendy Hoenig的研究，新的茂金屬塑性體和彈性體可以在比通常的成型溫度低的模具內(nèi)成型良好。她說，對于這些材料，采用冷模具注射周期可以縮短25-30%。芯型和型腔的溫度都可以采用50F，而不是標準聚乙烯的80F。

4.Address cooling early in the tool-design process. People too often think ofcooling after the fact,' warns Seres. You may want to perform a coolinganalysis with one of the mold-filling simulation software packages.

4. Sere提醒說，人們經(jīng)常在發(fā)現(xiàn)問題后才考慮冷卻問題，這一問題應(yīng)該在機械設(shè)計階段就及早考慮。你可能希望利用一套充模軟件進行一次冷卻分析。

5. Makesure you have a high enough coolant flow velocity in your mold. The coefficientof heat transfer can be 10-20 times greater when coolant velocity is highenough to generate turbulent rather than laminar flow, according to dataprovided by AEC, Inc., Wood Dale, Ill. The required velocity to achieveturbulent flow is a function of channel diameter and coolant viscosity. Sinceantifreeze raises cooling-water viscosity, it may be counterproductive to runyour molds colder at the expense of lower flow rate. Cooling-equipmentsuppliers can help you determine whether you have sufficient pumping capacity.

5. 確保模具內(nèi)的冷卻液有足夠高的流動速率。根據(jù)AEC 公司提供的數(shù)據(jù)，若冷卻液的流動速度足夠大產(chǎn)生紊流時，傳熱系數(shù)要比層流時高10-20倍。達到紊流需要的速度是冷卻通道直徑和冷卻液粘度的函數(shù)。由于防凍劑可以提高冷卻水的粘度，對于在較低的流動速率下想要獲得較低的模具溫度是不利的。從冷卻系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商可以了解冷卻系統(tǒng)的功率是否足夠。

6. Makesure you have enough coolant flow and that it is directed to the right place.'Why overcool a thin part of the mold when you have a heavy boss with nowater going to it?' asks Donn Seres of Injection Molding Industries,pointing out a common mistake.

6. 確保在真正需要冷卻的位置得到足夠的冷卻。Donn Seres指出了人們最常見的一個錯誤：“為什么要給制件較薄的地方過渡冷卻，而制件相當厚的部位一點冷卻水也沒有？”

7. Don'tforget to bring water to slides, lifters, or any area of the mold that comes incontact with the melt. 'You're missing the boat if you leave any uncooledareas in the path of the melt,' says Seres.

7. 不要忘記冷卻型腔側(cè)壁、頂出附近以及其他任何與熔體接觸的部位?！叭绻谌垠w的流動路徑上有一些部位沒有冷卻系統(tǒng)，實際上你是失去了你的小船”，Seres說。

8. Bigbaffle holes are best. 'People have a tendency to make their baffle holesand flow holes the same size,' says Seres. That arrangement will result ina pressure loss and diminished cooling capacity. Seres says a good rule ofthumb is to make the baffle hole 40% larger than the flow hole in order to getthe same flow rates throughout the system.

8. 最好選用大的折流孔?！叭藗兞晳T于把折流孔和流道加工成同樣的尺寸”，Seres說，這種設(shè)計會造成壓力損失，降低冷卻能力，把折流孔設(shè)計成比流道孔大40%是一種非常好的設(shè)計準則，以保證整個系統(tǒng)具有相同的冷卻速率。

9. Treatyour cooling water to prevent scale formation in molds and cooling systems.Just 0.006-in.-thick scale can decrease heat-transfer efficiency by 30%, saysan AEC source (see PT, Oct. '93, p. 54).

9. 做好冷卻水的處理，避免模具與冷卻系統(tǒng)內(nèi)形成水垢。根據(jù)AEC公司提供的數(shù)據(jù)，僅僅0.006in厚的水垢就可能使傳熱效率降低30%。

10. Bewareof a low pressure differential between supply and return in the cooling system.'Supplemental devices,' says Seres, 'can mess up the returnpressure.' He says this flow-inhibiting condition typically occurs whenbeside-the-press mold chillers or heaters are temporarily turned off but stillconnected: They can dump high-pressure water back into the water circuit. Sereshas seen extreme cases where 'the water was almost flowingbackwards.' A good rule of thumb, he adds, is at least 5 psi differentialpressure, though he recommends 20-30 psi or more.

10. 注意冷卻系統(tǒng)進水和回水之間應(yīng)有一個很小的壓差。Seres說，“補壓設(shè)備，可能造成回壓紊亂?！彼f這種流動過程中禁止發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象，當臨時關(guān)閉模溫機卻仍然與系統(tǒng)連接時就可能發(fā)生。這可能導(dǎo)致高壓循環(huán)水反向流會系統(tǒng)。Seres曾經(jīng)看到過這種現(xiàn)象，“水幾乎在往回流了”他最后給出了一個重要的規(guī)則，至少應(yīng)保持5psi的壓差，而他推薦的壓差為20-30psi或更多。

11. Molddehumidification is one way to get to a lower mold temperature withoutsuffering moisture condensation that can mar your parts. Dehumidificationsystems pave the way to cycle-time cuts of as much as 30%, according to MarioRanieri of Cargocaire, a maker of desiccant dehumidifiers in Amesbury, Mass.(see PT, July '96, p. 100).

11. 保持模具干燥是采用較低的模具溫度并避免濕氣壓縮造成制件缺陷的有效途徑。Cargocaire公司（位于Amesbury的一家除濕干燥器制造商））Mario Ranieri提供三資料，除濕系統(tǒng)可以使成型周期縮短30％。

12.Consider pulsed cooling, which can rapidly switch between heating and coolingcycles. Seres and others argue that it gives you the best of both worlds as faras cycle-time goes: Faster heat extraction reportedly lets you run molds hotterso they fill faster (see PT, Oct. '95, p. 49).

12. 考慮脈沖形式冷卻，以便實現(xiàn)加熱和冷卻之間的快速切換。Seres和其他一些研究人員給出了實現(xiàn)循環(huán)時間節(jié)約最好的兩個方面：較快的熱量排出可以實現(xiàn)在較熱的模具中實現(xiàn)快速充模。

13. Forbetter cooling, replace tool steel with a more thermally conductive alloy. Nowthat wrought, machinable beryllium copper comes in 20 and 30 HRC, it offers thesame hardness as P-20 tool steel while providing five times the thermalconductivity. For example, the cycle time for a minivan radiator end tank fellfrom 50 to 35 sec when P-20 mold cores were replaced with Moldmax BeCu fromBrush Wellman Inc., Cleveland. That time savings occurred even though the moldtemperature was raised by 40 [degrees] F, reports Brush Wellman product managerScott Smyers.

13. 為了得到較好的冷卻效果，用導(dǎo)熱更好的合金鋼代替工具鋼?，F(xiàn)在精煉的鈹銅合金硬度可以達到HRC20-30,可以達到與P－20工具鋼同樣的硬度，可是熱傳導(dǎo)率是該工具鋼的5倍。例如，當成型小貨車散熱器尾箱時，若用Brush Wellman公司提供的Moldmax BeCu代替P－20鋼型芯，成型周期可以由50s縮短到35s。根據(jù)Brush Wellman公司產(chǎn)品部經(jīng)理Scott Smyers的報告，即使模具溫度升高40度，同樣會縮短成型周期。

14. Makesure your water lines are as close as possible to the areas of greatest heatconcentration. Smyers cites a cup as a simple example: 'At the interfacebetween the base and side wall (tip and core), the thermal energy is threetimes more concentrated than in other sections of the cup,' he says.

14. 確保冷卻水道盡可能接近熱量最集中的區(qū)域、Smyers以一個杯子為例，他說：“在杯子的底部和側(cè)壁（尖部和中心）的結(jié)合處，熱量最為集中，可以達到其他部位的3倍?！?/span>

15.High-tech cooling systems and highly conductive alloys can provide even morebenefit when used together. 'Combine pulsed cooling with beryllium-copperinserts, and you have an animal of a tool,' says Smyers.

15. 當同時使用高技術(shù)的冷卻系統(tǒng)和高傳導(dǎo)率合金時效果更好。Smyres說：“同時使用脈沖式冷卻系統(tǒng)和鈹銅插件，你仿佛擁有了一個活的工具?！?/span>

16.Beware of thick sprues. 'What controls cycle time? Often 50% of it is thesprue,' notes GE's Souder. 'You end up waiting for the sprue tocool.' Switching to hot runners is one way to avoid the problem. Anotheris to select a higher-flow resin or optimize sprue design beforehand with amold-filling analysis.

16. 注意厚重的澆口。GE公司Souder說：“真正控制循環(huán)周期的是什么？有50%的時候是澆口，最后的工序常常是等待澆口的冷卻?！笆褂脽崃鞯朗墙鉀Q這一問題的一種方法，另一種可選的方法是選擇高流動性樹脂或預(yù)先使用一套充模軟件對澆口進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。

SAVINGS AT THE PRESS

注射過程的節(jié)時

17.Don't run your screw recovery faster than you have to. Rick Shaffer, productmanager at Van Dorn Demag Corp. in Strongsville, Ohio, has seen cases whereinjection molders rev up their screws to speed recovery, but that adds enoughshear heat to extend cooling times. He recalls an example where the molder hada 10-sec cooling time and a 3.5-sec recovery time. 'That put too much heatinto the resin more quickly than was needed for a good-quality melt,'Shaffer says. 'By bringing recovery time in line with the cooling time,you can reduce the overall cycle slightly,' he advises.

17. 不要用高于需要的速度退回螺桿。VanDornDemarg公司產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理RickShaffer看到過有注射成型操作人員提升復(fù)位時螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速的現(xiàn)象，但這樣會增加剪切熱，從而導(dǎo)致冷卻時間延長。他提到一個這樣的例子，即成型過程中冷卻時間占10s，而恢復(fù)時間則只有3.5s，“由于轉(zhuǎn)速過高導(dǎo)致樹脂溫升過快而超過保證制品質(zhì)量必須的熔融溫度。保持恢復(fù)時間與冷卻時間同步，就可以使循環(huán)周期稍微縮短?！?/span>

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18. Pickthe right screw for your molding job. 'You want a screw that will give youthe melt quality you need at the lowest temperature. If you don't put in heatin the first place, you won't have to take it out later,' says Schaffer.For polyolefins, he says, a long screw (25:1 L/D) with a generous transitionzone usually works best. Crystalline resins call for a screw with about a 4:1compression zone, according to Hoechst's Lair.

18. 根據(jù)你的注射工作選擇合適的螺桿。Schaffer說：“你應(yīng)該選擇一條可以讓你在最低的加工溫度下保持良好的熔體質(zhì)量的螺桿。如果你不給熔體太多的熱量，你也就沒有必要把多余的熱量取走?！彼f，對于聚烯烴，選擇輸送區(qū)較大的大長徑比螺桿最好（長徑比25:1）。根據(jù)Hoechst公司Lair的說法，對結(jié)晶型樹脂最好選用壓縮段長徑比為4:1的螺桿。

19. Payclose attention to temperature setpoints on the feed throat and adjacent barrelzone. Shaffer has seen molders forced to extend cycle times just to compensatefor small temperature fluctuations in the rear barrel zones.

19. 密切注意加料段及相鄰區(qū)的溫度設(shè)定。Shaffer看到過成型工為了補償后部微小的溫度波動而延長循環(huán)周期的現(xiàn)象。

20. Getyour machines to do two things at once. AC servo screw drives are one way, saysShaffer. 'It makes it easier for the machine to plasticate while it'sinjecting. That can eliminate a chunk of the recovery time.' An upgradedhydraulic package on older machines can accomplish the same thing, adds SteveSchroeder, president of Epco in Toledo, Ohio. 'Older machines can gain theability to perform parallel functions with an extra pump and largermotor,' he says.

20. 保證機器同時做兩件事情。采用AC伺服電機驅(qū)動螺桿就是一種方法，Shaffer介紹說，“采用這一方法易于在注射的同時實現(xiàn)物料的塑化，從而可以減少恢復(fù)時間的積聚。”Epco公司總裁Steve Schroeder補充說，對于老的機型可以采用升級的壓力包達成同樣的目的，“對于舊機型可以采用附加泵與更換較大的電機實現(xiàn)并行功能?！?/span>

21.Watch out for oil-wasting secondary functions and hydraulic-systeminefficiencies. 'The more efficient your hydraulic system, the more usablehorsepower you can extract from your machine,' says Pierre Pinet, servicemanager for Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd., Bolton, Ont. He explains thatsecondary hydraulic functions - like core pulls - often rely on relief valvesto accommodate different system pressures. He recalls an industrial containerapplication where cycle-time reductions were thwarted by very large mold coresthat were stealing oil from the system. A better strategy, says Ian Crookstonof Husky's control group, is to run all auxiliary functions at system pressure,rather than at lower pressure with higher flow volume.

21. 注意利用油壓工作的二次功能部件和液壓系統(tǒng)的無效工作。Husky注射系統(tǒng)工程公司服務(wù)經(jīng)理Pierre Piner說，“液壓系統(tǒng)工作越有效，你的機器的功率越能充分發(fā)揮?！标P(guān)于二次功能部件，如芯型的抽出常常依賴于減壓閥提供的不同的系統(tǒng)壓力。他談到這樣一件事，有一次注射機用于成型一個大的工業(yè)容器，注射周期縮短遇到的最大障礙是由于模具型芯過大而使系統(tǒng)壓力無法保證。Husky控制系統(tǒng)公司Ian Crookston說，較好的方法是，利用整個系統(tǒng)壓力驅(qū)動所用的輔助功能，而不是用較低的壓力，使用高流率來實現(xiàn)。

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22.Control retrofits, such as motor-speed controllers, can cut cycle times whilesaving energy, too. When custom molder Summit Plastic Solutions, Inc., addedmotor-speed controllers to its presses in Florence, Mass., cycle times on somelarge older presses dropped by as much as 5%. Energy costs also dropped 45-50%(see PT, Jan. '95, p. 15).

22. 采用新的控制方式，如電機速度控制器，在節(jié)能的同時還可以縮短循環(huán)周期。Summit Plastic Solutions公司在其液壓馬達上添加速度控制器后，在一些較大型的設(shè)備上成型周期縮短了5%，而能耗也同時降低了45-50%。

23.Don't inject too slowly. This is one of the most common ways in which moldersrob themselves of productivity, says Denes Hunkar, CEO of Hunkar LaboratoriesInc., Cincinnati. Most of the time, he says, the first 30－40% ofthe injection stroke can be accelerated to the limit of the machine'shydraulics. Fast injection reduces the melt viscosity and keeps the meltchannels wide open. The overall speed benefit could be 20%, Hunkar says. Justmake sure your controls allow you to back off the speed in the last 10-15% ofstroke so as to prevent flashing.

23. 不要注射太慢。Cincinnati Hunkar實驗室CEO DenesHunkar說，這是成型中最常見的影響注射速度的方法之一。他說，初始30-40%的射膠量可以通過調(diào)整注射機液壓系統(tǒng)加速注射?？焖僮⑸渥⑸淇梢越档腿垠w粘度并保證熔體槽充分暢通。同時整個周期可以縮短20%，你只是需要注意最后10-15%的射膠量必須使注射速度慢下來以防止飛邊。

24. Makesure your hold time isn't too long. Hunkar says this is the number-one reasonfor excessive cycle times that he encounters in the field. Most molders don'tknow how long to set their hold time, Hunkar says, but a cavity-pressure sensorcan remedy that problem. The sensor will show you the drop-off in cavitypressure that occurs when the gate has frozen off. If your hol d time extendspast the gate-freeze point, 'you'll be packing out your sprue, not thepart,' cautions GE's Souder.

24. 確保保壓時間不要太長。Hunkar說，保壓時間過長是他所見過的循環(huán)周期過長最主要的原因。許多成型人員不知道該設(shè)定多長的保壓時間，采用型腔壓力傳感器可以解決這一問題。當澆口固化后，傳感器會測量到型腔內(nèi)的壓力降低。GE公司Souder提醒說，如果保壓時間過長，超過澆口的固化點,你就是在包裝你的流道，而不是制件了。

25.Eliminate unneeded ejector strokes. One way to do this is to use machine visionto make sure the parts have left the mold. These devices can detect whether allparts are ejected in a fraction of a second - faster than the parts can fallclear of the mold (see PT, Feb. '96, p. 50).

25. 減少不必要的頂出操作。為了達到這一目的可采用電子眼以確保制件已充分脫模。采用這種裝置可以在極短的時間里檢查出是否所有制件均以完全射出，甚至比制件完全從模具中脫離出來的速度還要快。

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