用SQL語句添加刪除修改字段
1.增加字段 ALTER TABLE [yourTableName] ADD [newColumnName] newColumnType(length) 2.刪除字段
ALTER TABLE [yourTableName] DROP COLUMN [ColumnName] 3.修改字段類型 ALTER TABLE [yourTableName] ALTER COLUMN [ColumnName] newColumnType(length) 4.更改當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫中用戶創(chuàng)建對(duì)象(如表、列或用戶定義數(shù)據(jù)類型)的名稱。(sp_rename)
語法 sp_rename [ @objname = ] 'object_name' , [ @newname = ] 'new_name' 如:EXEC sp_rename 'newname','PartStock'
5.顯示表的一些基本情況(sp_help)
sp_help 'object_name' 如:EXEC sp_help [yourTableName] 6.判斷某一表 [yourTableName]中字段[columnA]是否存在
if exists (select * from syscolumns where id=object_id('[yourTableName]') and name='columnA') print '[yourTableName] exists' else print '[yourTableName] not exists'
另法: 判斷表的存在性: select count(*) from sysobjects where type='U' and name='你的表名' 判斷字段的存在性: select count(*) from syscolumns where id = (select id from sysobjects where type='U' and name='你的表名') and name = '你要判斷的字段名'
一個(gè)小例子 --假設(shè)要處理的表名為: tb --判斷要添加列的表中是否有主鍵 if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where parent_obj=object_id('tb') and xtype='PK') begin '表中已經(jīng)有主鍵,列只能做為普通列添加' --添加int類型的列,默認(rèn)值為0 alter table tb add 列名 int default 0 end else begin print '表中無主鍵,添加主鍵列' --添加int類型的列,默認(rèn)值為0 alter table tb add 列名 int primary key default 0 end 7.隨機(jī)讀取若干條記錄 Access語法:SELECT top 10 * From 表名 ORDER BY Rnd(id) Sql server:select top n * from 表名 order by newid() mysql select * From 表名 Order By rand() Limit n 8.說明:日程安排提前五分鐘提醒 SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(minute,f開始時(shí)間,getdate())>5 9.前10條記錄 select top 10 * form table1 where 范圍 10.包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重復(fù)行而派生出一個(gè)結(jié)果表 (select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC) 11.說明:隨機(jī)取出10條數(shù)據(jù) select top 10 * from tablename order by newid() 12.列出數(shù)據(jù)庫里所有的表名 select name from sysobjects where type=U 13.列出表里的所有的字段名 select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(TableName) 14.說明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)多重選擇,類似select 中的case。 select type,sum(case vender when A then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when C then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when B then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type 15.說明:初始化表table1 TRUNCATE TABLE table1 16.說明:幾個(gè)高級(jí)查詢運(yùn)算詞 A: UNION 運(yùn)算符 UNION 運(yùn)算符通過組合其他兩個(gè)結(jié)果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重復(fù)行而派生出一個(gè)結(jié)果表。當(dāng) ALL 隨 UNION 一起使用時(shí)(即 UNION ALL),不消除重復(fù)行。兩種情況下,派生表的每一行不是來自 TABLE1 就是來自 TABLE2。 B: EXCEPT 運(yùn)算符 EXCEPT 運(yùn)算符通過包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重復(fù)行而派生出一個(gè)結(jié)果表。當(dāng) ALL 隨 EXCEPT 一起使用時(shí) (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重復(fù)行。 C: INTERSECT 運(yùn)算符 INTERSECT 運(yùn)算符通過只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重復(fù)行而派生出一個(gè)結(jié)果表。當(dāng) ALL 隨 INTERSECT 一起使用時(shí) (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重復(fù)行。 注:使用運(yùn)算詞的幾個(gè)查詢結(jié)果行必須是一致的。 17.說明:在線視圖查詢(表名1:a )
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1; 18.說明:between的用法,between限制查詢數(shù)據(jù)范圍時(shí)包括了邊界值,not between不包括 select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 數(shù)值1 and 數(shù)值2 19.說明:in 的使用方法 select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’) 20.說明:兩張關(guān)聯(lián)表,刪除主表中已經(jīng)在副表中沒有的信息 delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 ) 21. 說明:復(fù)制表(只復(fù)制結(jié)構(gòu),源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用) 法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1 法二:select top 0 * into b from a 22.說明:拷貝表(拷貝數(shù)據(jù),源表名:a 目標(biāo)表名:b) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b; 23.說明:跨數(shù)據(jù)庫之間表的拷貝(具體數(shù)據(jù)使用絕對(duì)路徑) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具體數(shù)據(jù)庫’ where 條件 例子:..from b in "&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &" where.. 24.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫 CREATE DATABASE database-name 25.說明:刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫 drop database dbname 26.說明:備份sql server --- 創(chuàng)建 備份數(shù)據(jù)的 device USE master EXEC sp_addumpdevice disk, testBack, c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat --- 開始 備份 BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack 27.說明:創(chuàng)建新表 create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..) 根據(jù)已有的表創(chuàng)建新表: A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用舊表創(chuàng)建新表) B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only 28.說明: 刪除新表:drop table tabname 29.說明: 增加一個(gè)列:Alter table tabname add column col type 注:列增加后將不能刪除。DB2中列加上后數(shù)據(jù)類型也不能改變,唯一能改變的是增加varchar類型的長度。 30.說明: 添加主鍵:Alter table tabname add primary key(col) 說明: 刪除主鍵:Alter table tabname drop primary key(col) 31.說明: 創(chuàng)建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 刪除索引:drop index idxname 注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必須刪除重新建。 32.說明: 創(chuàng)建視圖:create view viewname as select statement 刪除視圖:drop view viewname 33.說明:幾個(gè)簡單的基本的sql語句 選擇:select * from table1 where 范圍 插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2) 刪除:delete from table1 where 范圍 更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范圍 查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的語法很精妙,查資料! 排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc] 總數(shù):select count * as totalcount from table1 求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1 平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1 最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1 最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1 注:刪除某表中某一字段的默認(rèn)值(先查詢出此字段默認(rèn)值約束的名字,然后將其刪除即可)
1.查詢字段默認(rèn)值約束的名字(t1為表名,id為字段名)
select a.name as 用戶表,b.name as 字段名,d.name as 字段默認(rèn)值約束
from sysobjects a,syscolumns b,syscomments c,sysobjects d where a.id=b.id and b.cdefault=c.id and c.id=d.id and a.name='t1' and b.name='id' 2.將id字段的默認(rèn)值約束刪除(DF_t1_id為約束名字)
alter table t1 DROP CONSTRAINT DF_t1_id
修改字段默認(rèn)值
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