考前知識清理30天 (3) I. 語法復習: 主謂語一致 (1) 1.語法一致原則:是根據(jù)主語的語法標記決定其謂語動詞的單數(shù)、復數(shù)形式。主語為單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復數(shù),謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 2.意思一致原則:是指主謂語的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形式來決定,而是取決于主語所表達的內(nèi)在涵義,一般有三種情況。①單數(shù)形式的主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。②復數(shù)形式的主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。③同一詞作主語,有時謂語動詞用單數(shù)有時用復數(shù)。 3.就近一致原則:即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。 4.具體如下: 1)主語是一個抽象概念(包括不定式、動名詞和名詞性從句作主語),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 2)如果主語是單數(shù),盡管后面跟有:with, together with, as well as, no less than, rather than like, but, besides, except, as much as, including, along with ...等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍然用單數(shù)。 3) each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復合代詞;one of +復數(shù)名詞, many a, more than one (a)等所修飾的詞作主語,它們的謂語都用單數(shù)。 4)people, police, cattle 等詞作主語通常用復數(shù)。 5)majority, population, class, family, group, team, crowd, audience, army, government, company, enemy 等集體名詞,按意思一致原則,作為整體,看作單數(shù);指其中一個一個成員,看作復數(shù)。 6)表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞作主語,盡管是復數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 7)or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but..., not only...but also... 等連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞用就近一致原則。 8)以 there, here, such 引起的句子,而主語又不只一個,謂語動詞用就近一致原則。 9)以what 引起的主語從句,all, most, half, the rest, the remainder 等引起的主語,謂語動詞按意思一致的原則處理。 10)關(guān)系詞who, that, which 引起的定語從句中的謂語動詞應該與先行詞在數(shù)和人稱取得一致。但one of+復數(shù)名詞 + that從句。從句的謂語動詞應用復數(shù),而the (only) one of+復數(shù)名詞 +that從句,從句的謂語動詞應用單數(shù)。 11)當 the與原級形容詞連用,表示一類人時;或某些以-s(es) 結(jié)尾的人名,指一家人、夫妻倆或同名同姓的若干人時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 II.句型復習: 1.It’s time … 句型。 1)It’s time for us to go to school. 2)It’s time for class. 3)It’s time we had lunch . 2. before的用法: 1)He went out before I had a chance to tell him the good news. 2)We hadn’t waited long before the bus came. 3)We will die before we will betray our country. 4)It is two hours before her mother came. 3. afraid的用法: 1)He is afraid of going out alone at night. 2) He seldom stands out on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into the river. 3) She is afraid to go to the forest. 4) I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you . III.A.詞匯. 1)impress, v. (給……留下印象) impression. n. 印象 one’s impression of sth. 某人對某事物的印象 leave / create /make a … impression on sb . 給某人留下/造成……的印象 give sb a good /bad impression 給某人留下一個好/壞印象 be under the impression that … 以為……認為…… impress … on /upon … 給……留下深刻印象 B.短語記憶 go wrong 走錯路,出毛病 owe sth to sb. 把……歸功于某人 stay away 不在家;外出 on the air 正在播出的 run after 追趕 bring sb back 送回某人 think highly of 對……高度評價 leave out. 省去 不考慮 stare at 盯著 make jokes about sb. 以某人為笑柄 be determined to do sth 決心干某事 serve as 擔任,充當 for the moment 目前;暫時 in all 總共;總之 take off 成功;成名;脫掉(衣服);(飛機)起飛 C.記住下列詞語 scene (情景) law (法律) career (生涯) award (獎品) role (角色) choice (選擇) script(手稿) actor(男演員) academy (學院) studio(攝影棚) outer(外部的) adult (成人) cruelty (殘忍) peace (和平) industry(工業(yè)) live (現(xiàn)場地) interrupt (打斷) apologize(道歉) forgive (原諒) culture (文化;文明) behave (舉止) damp(潮濕的) spirit (精神) disabled (殘疾的) |
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來自: 許愿真 > 《高考系統(tǒng)復習》