在驅(qū)動用加入對udev的支持主要做的就是:在驅(qū)動初始化的代碼里調(diào)用class_create(...)為該設(shè)備創(chuàng)建一個class,再為每個設(shè)備調(diào)用device_create(...)( 在2.6較早的內(nèi)核中用class_device_create)創(chuàng)建對應(yīng)的設(shè)備。 內(nèi)核中定義的struct class結(jié)構(gòu)體,顧名思義,一個struct class結(jié)構(gòu)體類型變量對應(yīng)一個類,內(nèi)核同時提供了class_create(…)函數(shù),可以用它來創(chuàng)建一個類,這個類存放于sysfs下面,一旦創(chuàng)建好了這個類,再調(diào)用 device_create(…)函數(shù)來在/dev目錄下創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的設(shè)備節(jié)點。這樣,加載模塊的時候,用戶空間中的udev會自動響應(yīng) device_create(…)函數(shù),去/sysfs下尋找對應(yīng)的類從而創(chuàng)建設(shè)備節(jié)點。 struct class定義在頭文件include/linux/device.h中class_create(…)在/drivers/base/class.c中實現(xiàn)device_create(…)函數(shù)在/drivers/base/core.c中實現(xiàn)class_destroy(...),device_destroy(...)也在/drivers/base/core.c中實現(xiàn)調(diào)用過程類似如下: static struct class *spidev_class; /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ static int spidev_probe(struct spi_device *spi) { .... dev = device_create(spidev_class, &spi->dev, spidev->devt, spidev, "spidev%d.%d", spi->master->bus_num, spi->chip_select); ... } static int spidev_remove(struct spi_device *spi) { ...... device_destroy(spidev_class, spidev->devt); ..... return 0; } static struct spi_driver spidev_spi = { .driver = { .name = "spidev", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = spidev_probe, .remove = __devexit_p(spidev_remove), }; /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ static int __init spidev_init(void) { .... spidev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "spidev"); if (IS_ERR(spidev_class)) { unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi.driver.name); return PTR_ERR(spidev_class); } .... } module_init(spidev_init); static void __exit spidev_exit(void) { ...... class_destroy(spidev_class); ...... } module_exit(spidev_exit); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("User mode SPI device interface"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 下面以一個簡單字符設(shè)備驅(qū)動來展示如何使用這幾個函數(shù) #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <linux/device.h> int HELLO_MAJOR = 0; int HELLO_MINOR = 0; int NUMBER_OF_DEVICES = 2; struct class *my_class; struct cdev cdev; dev_t devno; struct file_operations hello_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE }; static int __init hello_init (void) { int result; devno = MKDEV(HELLO_MAJOR, HELLO_MINOR); if (HELLO_MAJOR) result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev"); else { result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev"); HELLO_MAJOR = MAJOR(devno); } printk("MAJOR IS %d\n",HELLO_MAJOR); my_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"hello_char_class"); //類名為hello_char_class if(IS_ERR(my_class)) { printk("Err: failed in creating class.\n"); return -1; } device_create(my_class,NULL,devno,NULL,"memdev"); //設(shè)備名為memdev if (result<0) { printk (KERN_WARNING "hello: can't get major number %d\n", HELLO_MAJOR); return result; } cdev_init(&cdev, &hello_fops); cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; cdev_add(&cdev, devno, NUMBER_OF_DEVICES); printk (KERN_INFO "Character driver Registered\n"); return 0; } static void __exit hello_exit (void) { cdev_del (&cdev); device_destroy(my_class, devno); //delete device node under /dev//必須先刪除設(shè)備,再刪除class類 class_destroy(my_class); //delete class created by us unregister_chrdev_region (devno,NUMBER_OF_DEVICES); printk (KERN_INFO "char driver cleaned up\n"); } module_init (hello_init); module_exit (hello_exit); MODULE_LICENSE ("GPL"); 這樣,模塊加載后,就能在/dev目錄下找到memdev這個設(shè)備節(jié)點了。 例2:內(nèi)核中的drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c 在i2cdev_attach_adapter中調(diào)用device_create(i2c_dev_class, &adap->dev, MKDEV(I2C_MAJOR, adap->nr), NULL, "i2c-%d", adap->nr); 這樣在dev目錄就產(chǎn)生i2c-0 或i2c-1節(jié)點 接下來就是udev應(yīng)用,udev是應(yīng)用層的東西,udev需要內(nèi)核sysfs和tmpfa的支持,sysfs為udev提供設(shè)備入口和uevent通道,tmpfs為udev設(shè)備文件提供存放空間 udev的源碼可以在去相關(guān)網(wǎng)站下載,然后就是對其在運行環(huán)境下的移植,指定交叉編譯環(huán)境,修改Makefile下的CROSS_COMPILE,如為mipsel-linux-,DESTDIR=xxx,或直接make CROSS_COMPILE=mipsel-linux-,DESTDIR=xxx 并install把主要生成的udevd、udevstart拷貝rootfs下的/sbin/目錄內(nèi),udev的配置文件udev.conf和rules.d下的rules文件拷貝到rootfs下的/etc/目錄內(nèi),并在rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS中添加以下幾行: echo “Starting udevd...” /sbin/udevd --daemon /sbin/udevstart (原rcS內(nèi)容如下: # mount filesystems /bin/mount -t proc /proc /proc /bin/mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys /bin/mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev # create necessary devices /bin/mknod /dev/null c 1 3 /bin/mkdir /dev/pts /bin/mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts /bin/mknod /dev/audio c 14 4 /bin/mknod /dev/ts c 10 16 ) 這樣當系統(tǒng)啟動后,udevd和udevstart就會解析配置文件,并自動在/dev下創(chuàng)建設(shè)備節(jié)點文件
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