20世紀(jì)的100部最佳非虛構(gòu)類英語作品

武夷山

據(jù)1999年5月10日出版的《美國新聞與世界報(bào)道》，美國現(xiàn)代圖書館聘請的專家團(tuán)（包括詩人瑪雅. 安杰羅等17位名人，其組成見http://www./modernlibrary/about/board.html）評選出了20世紀(jì)的100部非虛構(gòu)類英語作品。其中，我覺得尤其值得一提的是以下作品：

             1、The Education of Henry Adams，這是一位美國總統(tǒng)的后代寫的自傳；

      5、寂靜的春天；

   7、雙螺旋；

10、凱恩斯的《就業(yè)、利息與貨幣的一般理論》；

14、E. M. Foster的《小說面面觀》；

17、Isaiah Berlin的The Proper Study of Mankind;

23、羅素的《數(shù)學(xué)原理》；

24、S． J. 古爾德的The Measure of Men;

26、諾獎得主梅達(dá)沃的The Art of Soluble;

28、羅爾斯的《正義論》；

29、貢布里希的《藝術(shù)與錯(cuò)覺》；

33、杜威的《哲學(xué)與文明》；

34、D’Arcy的《生長與形態(tài)》；

35、愛因斯坦的Ideas and Opinions;

40、李約瑟的《中國的科學(xué)與文明》；

45、湯因比的《歷史之研究》；

46、J．K．加爾布雷思的《富足社會》；

54、Studs Terkel的訪談錄Working；

64、波普爾的《開放社會及其敵人》；

69、庫恩的《科學(xué)革命的結(jié)構(gòu)》；

88、費(fèi)因曼的Six Easy Pieces。

這個(gè)書單的特點(diǎn)是，囊括了很多有影響的學(xué)術(shù)著作和科普著作。完整書單如下（http://www./modernlibrary/100bestnonfiction.html）：

1.   THE EDUCATION OF HENRY ADAMS by Henry Adams

2.   THE VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE by William James

3.   UP FROM SLAVERY by Booker T. Washington

4.   A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN by Virginia Woolf

5.   SILENT SPRING by Rachel Carson

6.   SELECTED ESSAYS, 1917-1932 by T. S. Eliot

7.   THE DOUBLE HELIX by James D. Watson

8.   SPEAK, MEMORY by Vladimir Nabokov

9.   THE AMERICAN LANGUAGE by H. L. Mencken

10.        THE GENERAL THEORY OF EMPLOYMENT, INTEREST, AND MONEY by John Maynard Keynes

11.        THE LIVES OF A CELL by Lewis Thomas

12.        THE FRONTIER IN AMERICAN HISTORY by Frederick Jackson Turner

13.        BLACK BOY by Richard Wright

14.        ASPECTS OF THE NOVEL by E. M. Forster

15.        THE CIVIL WAR by Shelby Foote

16.        THE GUNS OF AUGUST by Barbara Tuchman

17.        THE PROPER STUDY OF MANKIND by Isaiah Berlin

18.        THE NATURE AND DESTINY OF MAN by Reinhold Niebuhr

19.        NOTES OF A NATIVE SON by James Baldwin

20.        THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ALICE B. TOKLAS by Gertrude Stein

21.        THE ELEMENTS OF STYLE by William Strunk and E. B. White

22.        AN AMERICAN DILEMMA by Gunnar Myrdal

23.        PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell

24.        THE MISMEASURE OF MAN by Stephen Jay Gould

25.        THE MIRROR AND THE LAMP by Meyer Howard Abrams

26.        THE ART OF THE SOLUBLE by Peter B. Medawar

27.        THE ANTS by Bert Hoelldobler and Edward O. Wilson

28.        A THEORY OF JUSTICE by John Rawls

29.        ART AND ILLUSION by Ernest H. Gombrich

30.        THE MAKING OF THE ENGLISH WORKING CLASS by E. P. Thompson

31.        THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK by W.E.B. Du Bois

32.        PRINCIPIA ETHICA by G. E. Moore

33.        PHILOSOPHY AND CIVILIZATION by John Dewey

34.        ON GROWTH AND FORM by D'Arcy Thompson

35.        IDEAS AND OPINIONS by Albert Einstein

36.        THE AGE OF JACKSON, Arthur Schlesinger by Jr.

37.        THE MAKING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB by Richard Rhodes

38.        BLACK LAMB and Grey Falcon by Rebecca West

39.        AUTOBIOGRAPHIES by W. B. Yeats

40.        SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION IN CHINA by Joseph Needham

41.        GOODBYE TO ALL THAT by Robert Graves

42.        HOMAGE TO CATALONIA by George Orwell

43.        THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MARK TWAIN by Mark Twain

44.        CHILDREN OF CRISIS by Robert Coles

45.        A STUDY OF HISTORY by Arnold J. Toynbee

46.        THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY by John Kenneth Galbraith

47.        PRESENT AT THE CREATION by Dean Acheson

48.        THE GREAT BRIDGE by David McCullough

49.        PATRIOTIC GORE by Edmund Wilson

50.        SAMUEL JOHNSON by Walter Jackson Bate

51.        THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X by Alex Haley and Malcolm X

52.        THE RIGHT STUFF by Tom Wolfe

53.        EMINENT VICTORIANS by Lytton Strachey

54.        WORKING by Studs Terkel

55.        DARKNESS VISIBLE by William Styron

56.        THE LIBERAL IMAGINATION by Lionel Trilling

57.        THE SECOND WORLD WAR by Winston Churchill

58.        OUT OF AFRICA by Isak Dinesen

59.        JEFFERSON AND HIS TIME by Dumas Malone

60.        IN THE AMERICAN GRAIN by William Carlos Williams

61.        CADILLAC DESERT by Marc Reisner

62.        THE HOUSE OF MORGAN by Ron Chernow

63.        THE SWEET SCIENCE by A. J. Liebling

64.        THE OPEN SOCIETY AND ITS ENEMIES by Karl Popper

65.        THE ART OF MEMORY by Frances A. Yates

66.        RELIGION AND THE RISE OF CAPITALISM by R. H. Tawney

67.        A PREFACE TO MORALS by Walter Lippmann

68.        THE GATE OF HEAVENLY PEACE by Jonathan D. Spence

69.        THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS by Thomas S. Kuhn

70.        THE STRANGE CAREER OF JIM CROW by C. Vann Woodward

71.        THE RISE OF THE WEST by William H. McNeill

72.        THE GNOSTIC GOSPELS by Elaine Pagels

73.        JAMES JOYCE by Richard Ellmann

74.        FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE by Cecil Woodham-Smith

75.        THE GREAT WAR AND MODERN MEMORY by Paul Fussell

76.        THE CITY IN HISTORY by Lewis Mumford

77.        BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM by James M. McPherson

78.        WHY WE CAN'T WAIT by Martin Luther King by Jr.

79.        THE RISE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT by Edmund Morris

80.        STUDIES IN ICONOLOGY by Erwin Panofsky

81.        THE FACE OF BATTLE by John Keegan

82.        THE STRANGE DEATH OF LIBERAL ENGLAND by George Dangerfield

83.        VERMEER by Lawrence Gowing

84.        A BRIGHT SHINING LIE by Neil Sheehan

85.        WEST WITH THE NIGHT by Beryl Markham

86.        THIS BOY'S LIFE by Tobias Wolff

87.        A MATHEMATICIAN'S APOLOGY by G. H. Hardy

88.        SIX EASY PIECES by Richard P. Feynman

89.        PILGRIM AT TINKER CREEK by Annie Dillard

90.        THE GOLDEN BOUGH by James George Frazer

91.        SHADOW AND ACT by Ralph Ellison

92.        THE POWER BROKER by Robert A. Caro

93.        THE AMERICAN POLITICAL TRADITION by Richard Hofstadter

94.        THE CONTOURS OF AMERICAN HISTORY by William Appleman Williams

95.        THE PROMISE OF AMERICAN LIFE by Herbert Croly

96.        IN COLD BLOOD by Truman Capote

97.        THE JOURNALIST AND THE MURDERER by Janet Malcolm

98.        THE TAMING OF CHANCE by Ian Hacking

99.        OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS by Anne Lamott

100.    MELBOURNE by Lord David Cecil