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1）． I was walking along the river， when I heard a drowning boy cry for help． 2）． I was about to leave when it began to rain． 3）． I had just finished my test paper when thebell rang， announcing the exam was over． 2． It was （not ） + 時(shí)間段+before +一般過去時(shí)過了一段時(shí)間就……．． It will （not ）be+ 時(shí)間段+before +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)要過一段時(shí)間才會(huì)… It is/ has been +時(shí)間段+ since…．． It was +點(diǎn)時(shí)間+ when…．． It was +時(shí)間狀語+ that …．．（強(qiáng)調(diào)句） 1）． It was not long before he sensed the dangerof the position．不久他就意識(shí)到他處境危險(xiǎn) 2）． It will be half a year before you graduatefrom the school． 還有半年你才從這個(gè)學(xué)校畢業(yè) 3）． It is 3 years since he worked here．=he left here．（since從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要從這個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)候算起） 4）． It was 3 o’clock when they received thetelephone． 5） It was at 3 o’clock that they received thetelephone． 3． once…．．一旦…．．，表示時(shí)間和條件 1）Once you understand what the teacherexplained， you will have no difficulty doingthe work． 2）． Once you have decided to do something， you should finish it and do it well． 4． The +比較級(jí)……．，the +比較級(jí)……．．越……，越…… 1） The more books you read， the more knowledge you will get． 2）The busier he is， the happier he feels． 5． as if/ as though…．．（表示與事實(shí)相反，用虛擬；若表示即將成為事實(shí)或有可能成為事實(shí)，則用陳述語氣） 1）． He was in great trouble， but he acted as if nothing had happened． 2）． Although they just met for the first time， they talked as if they had been friends formany years 3）． The clouds are gathering． It looks as if it is going to rain． 6． n． /adj． / adv． / v． + as / though +主語+謂語，盡管……，……．引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 1）．Child as he is，I already know what career I want to follow． 2）． Try as he might， he couldn’t solve the problem． 3）． Much as I respect him， I can’t agree with his idea． 7． whether…．or…．無論是…．還是…． 1）． Whether the weather is good or bad， they will set off as they planned． 2）． Any person，whether young or old， has his own worth． 8．疑問詞+ever = no matter +疑問詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句或名詞性從句 1）． Whichever（=Nomatter which） you like， you can take it away ．（ 讓步狀語從句） Youcan take away whichever（=anyone that） you like （ 名詞性從句） 2）． Whenever you comes， you will be welcome． （ 讓步狀語從句） 3）． Whatever happens， I will support you． （ 讓步狀語從句） 4）． Whoever breaks the law， he will certainly be punished． （ 讓步狀語從句） Whoeverbreaks the law will certainly be punished． （ 名詞性從句） 5）． However great the difficulty is， we can overcome it． （ 讓步狀語從句） 9． as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/on condition that 假如…．． 1）． I will lend you money on condition that youcan return it within 3 months． 10． in case that/ in case of…．．萬一…．．，以防…．． 1）． In case of fire， please dial 119 at once． 2）． In case that John comes/ John should come， tell him to wait． 11．祈使句+ or/otherwise +結(jié)果句或祈使句+ and +結(jié)果句 1）． Stop doing such foolish thing， or you will be punished in time． 2）． More effort，and the problem would have been settled． 3）． Think it over，and you will find the answer． 12． so/ such……．．that……．引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)須注意 當(dāng)名詞前many，much， little， few有修飾時(shí)， 用so不用such因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的中心詞不再是名詞，而是many，much， little， few這些表示數(shù)量的詞。 1）． The westerners eat so much fat and sugarthat they put on weight easily． 2）． There are so few fish in the lake that wecouldn’t fish them easily． 當(dāng)名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面又由adj．修飾時(shí)，注意冠詞的位置，即so+ adj +a（n）+n或such+ a（n）+ adj．+ n 1）． He is such an honest person/ so honest aperson that you can depend on him when you are in trouble． 當(dāng)so/such引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 1）． Such great progress has he made in hisstudies that we all admire him． 當(dāng)主從句主語一致時(shí)可與動(dòng)詞不定式相互轉(zhuǎn)換，即變成so/such……．a(chǎn)s to do結(jié)構(gòu)。 1）．The westerners eat so much fat and sugar asto put on weight easily． 13． so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句 so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用（= in order that），當(dāng)主從句主語一致時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為so as to do/ in order to do． 1）． He turned up the radio a little so that hecould hear the news clearly． He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly． 2）． He closed all the windows while driving sothat he shouldn’t catch cold．（否定句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用shouldn’t） so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句一般不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用 1）． He turned up the radio a little so that heheard the news clearly． 14．can never/ can’t 與too， too much， enough， over- 搭配表示“無論怎樣…．都不過分” 1）． While you are doing your homework， you can’t be carefulenough． 2）． He is such a great man that we can’tpraise him too much． 3）． William Hartley was handsome， determined and hardworking， in a word，I couldn’t speak too highly of him． 4）． The development of society has made itnecessary for us to have a good knowledge of English， so we can’t overemphasizethe importance of learning English． 5）． Since it is a good thing， we can’t do it too soon． 15．不定式作主語，it作形勢(shì)主語： It+系動(dòng)詞+adj．/ n．．+ for sb． to do It+系動(dòng)詞+adj．+ of sb． to do 1）． It’s important for us to have a goodknowledge of English． 2）． How rude of him to treat a child like that! 3）． It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for thenight． 16．不定式作賓語，it作形勢(shì)賓語： 主語+think/ consider/believe/ make/feel+ it +adj．/n． +for sb．/ of sb． +to do 1）． I feel it foolish of him to believe such aman． 2）． The timely rain had made it possible for thecrops to grow well． 17． won’t/ can’t have sb． doing/ done 不能容忍某行為發(fā)生 1）． You are too rude， and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like thatagain． 2）． We can’t have anything done against theschool rules． 18． It is said/ thought/ hoped/believed…．．that……Sb． is said/ thought/ hoped/ believedto do…．． 1）． It is said that he is studying abroad．--> He is said to be studying abroad． 2）．It is considered that many countries highlyvalue China’srole in helping world’s peace． Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’speace． 19．every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time “每當(dāng)…．．，每次…．．，下次…．．” 1）． Every time you meet with new words whilereading， don’t always refer to yourdictionary． When you meet with new words every time…．． 2） Next time you come ， do remember to bring your son here． 3） You are welcome to come back any time youwant to． 20． There is （no） need to do…．．/ for …．-?It is（ not ）necessary for sb． to do…． There is（ no ）hope/ chance / possibility ofdoing…． There is（ no ）difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay（ in ）doing 1）． Is there any chance of us/ our winning thematch? 2）． There is no point in discussing the problemagain． 21． It is time to do/ It is time that +主語+動(dòng)詞的一般過去式該是做…．．的時(shí)候了 It istime that we ended the discussion． 22． it 強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分 e．g．:I met him in the street yesterday afternoon． It wasI who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon． It washim who/ that I met in the street yesterday afternoon． It wasin the street that I met him yesterday afternoon． It wasyesterday afternoon that I met him in the street 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句：Is/ Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句：What/ When/ Where/ Who/ How……is/was it + who/ that+原 句剩余部分 1）． Who was it that/ who you met in the streetyesterday afternoon? Tell mewho it was that/ who you met in the street yesterday afternoon? 23．There be 句型： 1）． There are two books and a pen on the desk． 2）． There seems/ appears to be much hope of ourteam winning the match． 3）． There happened to be nobody in the room whenI came in． 4）． There have been great changes in my hometownsince 1978． 5）． There used to be a bus station at the cornerof the street． 6）． There are likely to be more difficultiesthan expected while we are carrying out the plan． 24． not/ never ……． until 直到…．．才 1）． The villagers didn’t realize how serious thepollution was until all the fish died in the river． 2） Notuntil all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious thepollution was．（倒裝句） 25． not only…．． but （also）…．． 1）． Not only the teacher but also the studentshave their eyes examined regularly． Not onlythe students but also the teacher has his eyes examined regularly． 2）． They suggested we should not only attend theparty， but give a performance． Theysuggested we should give a performance as well as attend the party notonly…．． but （also）…．．引導(dǎo)并列句時(shí)，not only引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝 1）．Not only was everything he had taken away，but also his German citizenship was taken away． 2）．Not only should we students study hard，but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time． 26． prefer to do A rather than do B…（兩者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B == would rather do A than do B 1）． I prefer to stay at home rather than go tothe park in such weather． 2）． Rather than ride on a crowded bus， he always prefer to ride a bicycle． 27．倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： A + 謂語+倍數(shù)+the+n．（size/ height/ length……）+of B A + 謂語+倍數(shù)+as+ abj． + as B A + 謂語+倍數(shù)+adj． 比較級(jí)+than B? A + 謂語+adj． 比較級(jí)+than B+by+倍數(shù) 1）．This square is twice the size of that one． This square is twice as large as that one． This square is once larger than that one． 2）．This factory produced three times as manycars as they did 10 years ago． 3）．He is 3 years older than I-? He is older thanI by 3 years 28． sb． spend money/ timeon sth． spend time/money in doing sth sb． pay money （to sb） for sth． sth． cost sb． money/ time It takes sb． some time to do sth． 1）． The time he spends watching TV is as much ashe does doing his homework． 2）． The mp3．for which he paid only ￥150proved to be useful． 3）． The naughty boy cost his mother many sleeplessnights． 29．當(dāng)all， each， both， every詞語否定詞連用時(shí)，為部分否定，“并非都…．” 1）． Not all of them went to the party last night．--> All of them didn’t go to the partylast night． 2）． Both of the answers are not right．（=Only one of the two answers is right．） 3）． We couldn’t eat in the restaurant， because ___ of us had ____ money． A． all，no B． all，any C．none ， any D． none，no 答案：C 30．a(chǎn)s/ with表示“隨……進(jìn)展”，as 后面接句子，with后面接短語 1）． With the industry developing， the pollution is becoming more and moreserious． As the industrydevelops， the pollution is becoming moreand more serious． 31．Only if 與If only Only if=if，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 1）． ---Only if I lend you ahand? ---I’m sure I can finish it on time． If only= How I wish…．， 引導(dǎo)的句子用虛擬語氣，表示難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 If only= How I wish 主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V．（謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在wish之后進(jìn)行） 主語+動(dòng)詞的一般過去式（謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí)進(jìn)行） 主語+had done（謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在wish之前進(jìn)行） 1）． If only we didn’t have so many examines! 2）． If only he could come tomorrow! 3）． If only I hadn’t made so many mistakes ! 3）． He couldn’t work out a single problem whenhe was in the exam． hall． How he wished he knew all the answer! Hecouldn’t work out a single problem when he was in the exam． hall．How he wished he had studied hard before! 32． with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（作狀語或作定語） l with+ n． +n． （with可以省略） 1）． The workforce is made up of 400 workers， （with ）most of them women．（=most of whom are women．/ and most of them are women．） l with+ n． +adj． （with可以省略） 1）．（With）the street wet and slippery，we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully． Becausethe street were wet and slippery，………． 2）． The students were listening to the teacher， （with）theireyes wide open． Thestudents were listening to the teacher，and their eyes were wide open． l with+ n． +adv． （with可以省略） 1）． He put on his coat hurriedly， （with）the wrong side out l with+ n． +prep-phrase （with可以省略） 1）． The old man was seated in the sofa， （with）a pipe in his mouth．（Also: pipe in mouth） l with+ n．+ to do/ to be done （動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作還未進(jìn)行） with+ n．+ doing/ being done （動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） with+ n．+done （動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或指n． 所處的狀態(tài)） 1）． With so many problems to settle， the newly-elected president is having a hardyear． 2）． He was lying in bed， with his eyes fixed on the ceiling 3）． With the temple being repaired， we can’t visited it． 33．方位狀語位于句首時(shí)的倒裝句 1）． In front of the house stopped a police car． 2）．Under the tree sat a boy， with a book in his hand. 34．具有否定意義的副詞或短語位于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝。常用的此有：little， never， seldom，hardly， rarely， no sooner，in no time， by no means， in no case 等 1）． Not a single mistake did he make in the exam． 2）． In no time did the man realize what washappening． 3）．In no case can you tell him the truth． 4）． Hardly had the train left when he rememberedhe had left his suitcase on it． No sooner had the train left than he remembered he had left his suitcase on it． 35．the moment， the minute， immediately， directly， on doing…表示“一…．就” 1）． On arriving （hisarrival ）at the airport， he was surrounded by the reporters ． 2）． ---Have you give John the book? ---Yes， the moment I saw him． 36． rather than 1）．It is better to ask for help at the beginningrather than to wait until a busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet． 2）．It is the boss who is to blame rather thanthe workers． 37． while/ but ：while側(cè)重兩者之間的對(duì)比，but 多指一件事的兩個(gè)對(duì)立面。 1）． He likes listening to music while I likewatching TV． 2）． I badly wanted that book， but I haven’t enough money． 38． only to do 作結(jié)果狀語，多用來表示出人意料、結(jié)局令人沮喪的結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞多是終結(jié)性的詞，如：find，learn， to be told， to be caught等 1）． His father disappeared， never to heard from again． 2）． He hurried to his office， only to be told that he was dismissed． 39． of +n．表示某物具備某種性質(zhì)或特征 1）． New Zealand wine is of high qualityand is sold all over the world． 2）． They are of the same height． 3）． Coins are of different sizes， weights，shapes and of different metals． 4）． Sports and games are of great value forchildren’s study． 40．only +狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首，主句要部分倒裝 1）． Only in that way could I learn English well． 2）． Only then did I remember it was my birthday today． 41． What do you think of……? （這三個(gè)句式用來詢問某人對(duì)某個(gè)事物的評(píng)價(jià)或看法， How do youfind……? 其回答應(yīng)該是評(píng)價(jià)性的話語） How do you like…．．? 1）． ---How do you find the film last night? ---I have never seen a worse one before． 41． What is/was………like? 用來詢問人或事物的特征或本質(zhì) 1）． ---What is your motherlike? ---She is a very nice person．/She is very beautiful．/ She looks like her father． 2）． ---What is the weather going to be thisweekend? ---It is going to be fine． 42．虛擬語氣中的重點(diǎn)句型 1）． I don’t have a cellphone． If I had one ，it would be convenient for me to contract others． 1）． If I had gone to the concert， I would have seen the famous singer． 1）． If I were not to take/ should take/ took theexam tomorrow， I would go shopping with you． 1）． Should he act like that again， he would be fined．=If he should act like that again， …… Were he to act like that again，he would be fined．=If he were to act like that again， …… 2）． Had the doctor come in time last night， the boy would have been saved． 3）． If I had time now， I would go to the film with you． （不可以倒裝，因?yàn)榫渲械膆ad不是助動(dòng)詞） But for…．--> If it were not for…．．/ If it hadn’t been for 1）． But for the determined captain， all the passengers on board wouldn’t havebeen saved． If ithadn’t been for the determined captain，all the passengers on board…… 2）． But for your rich parents， you wouldn’t live such a easy life． If itwere not for your rich parents，you wouldn’t live such a easy life． 再suggest， insist，demand， require， request，order， advise， propose等表示建議、要求、命令、主張的動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用（should ）do的形式1）． Mother insisted that John （should）go to bed before 9 o’olock． 對(duì)比：He insisted that I had taken awayhis dictionary．（不是建議、要求、命令或主張） 2）． His suggestion that Tony （should）be invited to the party was refused． 對(duì)比：His words suggested that he wasvery angry with me．（不是建議、要求、命令） 43．替代句型：英語中為了避免重復(fù)，在比較從句中常用一些替代詞來代替前文出現(xiàn)過的詞。 用助動(dòng)詞代替主句中的有關(guān)動(dòng)詞： 1）． I earn more than I did in the past． 2）． John spends as much time watching TV as hedoes writing． 3）． China is no longer what it was/used to be． 代詞代替前文出現(xiàn)過的有關(guān)名詞： that 代替指物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或抽象不可數(shù)名詞，一般是特指的 those 代替指人或指物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，一般是特指的=the ones one 代替指人或指物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，一般是泛指的 ones 代替指人或指物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，一般是泛指的 1）． The output of coal this year is twice asmuch as that of last year． 2）． The students in this class are more activethan those in that one． 3）． A bridge made of steel is stronger than onemade of stones． 4）． Small bananas usually taste better thanbigger ones． 1． Mr．Zhangis the kindest teacher that I have ever seen． 2． Nothing is more important than to receive education． 3． There is no denying that the qualities of our livinghave gone from bad to worse． 不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。 4． There is no doubt that our educational system leavessomething to be desired． 毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。 5． An advantage of using the solar energy is that itwon‘t create （produce） any pollution． 6． The reason why we have to grow trees is that they canprovide us with fresh air． 7． So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it． 時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。 8． Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no meanssatisfactory． 雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對(duì)令人不滿意。 9． The harder you work， the more progress you make．你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。 The morebooks we read， the more learned we become． 我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問。 10． On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge． 我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。 11． Those who violatetraffic regulations should be punished． 12． We should spare no effort to beautify our environment． 1．表示比較和對(duì)照關(guān)系的句型： 1）A is to B what/ as C is to D（A之于B猶如C之于D）． 2）A and B have sth in common．/ A is similar to B． / A is just the opposite （to B） 3）The same is true of…， （……也是如此）． 4）The advantages of A are much greater than B．/Compared with B， A has many advantages． / The advantages outweigh the disadvantages（利大于弊）． 5）Wonderful as A is， however， it has its own disadvantages too． 6） ．．．varies from person to person（……是因人而異的） 7）A differs from B in ……（A不同于B在于……） 2．描寫圖表和數(shù)據(jù)的句型 1）The number is ．．．times as much as that of ．．． 2）The figure has nearly doubled，as against that of last year． 3）By comparison with ．．．， it decreased/increased/fell from．．．to．．． 4） ．．．rise rapidly（slowly） / ．．．reach．．． 3．圖表作文中的過渡、概括句型： 1）As can be indicated in the table， ．．． / As is revealed in the table，．．．/ Asthe survey results show，．．．/ As is shown by the graph， ．．．/ This chart shows that ．．． 2）According to the figures given in the table， ．．． 3）It can be seen from the chart that ．．． 4．說明原因的句型: 1）There are some/two/many good reasons for．．．/todo．．． 2） We have two good reasons for．．． 3）The reason for ．．． is that + 從句 4）There are several causes for this significant growth in．．． First．．． 5）A number of factors could account for the ．．．． 6）Therefore，/As a result，/For this reason，/Because of this，/Consequently，the prices are higher． 5．表示不同看法的句型: 1）Different people have/hold different opinions/views on thequestion/problem/matter． Some believe that ．．．; Others argue that ．．． :Still others maintain that ．．． 2）They are quite different from each other in their opinions． 3）They think quite differently on this question． 4）Opinions vary from individual to individual，from culture to culture． 6．表示必須，緊急，有困難做某事的句型: 1）It is important （necessary， urgent，difficult， easy， convenient，comfortable， expensive， desirable，advisable） for sb． to do sth． 2） ．．．have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/adifficult time （in）doing sth． （有困難做某事） 7．用于文章結(jié)尾的句型： 1）From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors， we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reachthe conclusion that ．．． 2）It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ．．． 3）There is no immediate solution to the problem of．．．，but．．． might be helpful/beneficial． 4）There is no doubt/denying that ．．． 5）As far as ．．． be concerned， I believe/think that ．．． 6）In conclusion，．．． / In my opinion，I am in favor of ．．．/ Personally， I prefer to．．． 7）In short，．．． should learn to．．．; Only in this way can the most difficultproblems be solved properly． 8．常用諺語（在議論文中）: 1）As a proverb says， “Everything has two sides”． On the one hand， physical exercise is good for your health． On the other hand， if you don’t deal with it properly， it will do harm to your health． So we should look at the matter from twosides． 3）As a proverb says， “Wherethere is a will there is a way．” （有志者事竟成） 4）As a popular saying goes，“A man is known by the company he keeps．”（觀其交友，知其為人） 5）As is known to all， “No pains， no gains”．（沒有苦，就沒有甜）
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