中考英語閱讀理解試題類型及試題分析

考查的主要題型

1.主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。

    主旨題所提問題主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要內(nèi)容、標(biāo)題、作者的態(tài)度、目的、文章的語氣等。 我們首先要找出文章的主題句，我們通?？梢栽谝韵聨讉€地方找到：

(1)位于一段開頭的段首句，演繹型文章的主題句通常能在段落的起始部分找到；

(2)位于一段結(jié)尾的段末句，歸納型文章的主題句通常能在段落的終結(jié)部分找到；

(3)若既不在段首，也不在段末，我們就應(yīng)細心地在這段的中心部分去尋找；

(4)有的主題句通過某種表達方式或修辭手段委婉、含蓄地提出來，這稱為暗示句。這種暗示句通常難度較大，它可能不是一句完整的話而僅是一個詞語，也可能是通過一些具有感情色彩的詞語來表達的，還可能是通過字里行間來表達的。主旨句的提問形式主要有：

(1)What' s the main idea of the passage?

(4)The passage tells us that__________.

(5)This passage mainly talks about__________.

2.細節(jié)題: 考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力。

(1) According to the passage, when/where/what / who/how/why…?

(2) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

(3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT…

(4) Which of the following is not mentioned?

(5) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

(6) Choose the right order of this passage.

(7) From this passage we know ________.

3.猜測題: 考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。

猜測題是閱讀理解部分常見的一個測試項目，主要用來測試考生對文章中出現(xiàn)的熟悉或不熟悉的詞或詞組的意義的理解能力。

當(dāng)遇到不認識的而又是要測試的生詞時，要通過上下文去進行猜測。注意與這個詞緊密相連的前后幾個詞語的意思.

其次，利用構(gòu)詞法來進行猜測。常用的構(gòu)詞法有派生法，轉(zhuǎn)化法以及合成法。英語中有相當(dāng)大一部分單詞都是由上述三種構(gòu)詞法變來的，這些詞的構(gòu)成一般都有一定的規(guī)律，掌握一些常見的規(guī)律，對于猜測考試中遇到的生詞大有幫助。

指代題的提問形式主要有：

(1) The word “______” in the passage probably means ________.

(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.

(3) In this story the underlined word “_______” means ________.

(4) Here “it” means________.

4.推理題: 考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。

 推理題是閱讀理解部分的一項重要內(nèi)容。這類題要求考生脫離字面理解的局限，透過文章的字里行間，對作者的話進行推理判斷，從而獲得對文章的深層理解。

推理題的答案往往在文章的字面上不會出現(xiàn)，必須依據(jù)已有信息來進行推理，不能脫離原文去主觀臆斷。因此，在做推理題時，必須從原文里找到推斷的依據(jù)。

中考英語試題中的推斷題很多，包括的面也很大。

其類型主要有以下幾種：

(1)事實推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。

(2)邏輯推斷： 這類題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言來推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感覺。

(3)對作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷：這類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對所陳述的觀點是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進行這種推斷時，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。

推理題的提問形式主要有：

(1) We can learn from this passage that…

(2) We can conclude from the passage that…

(3) It can be seen from the passage that…

(4) What is the real meaning of the doctors’ words?

(5) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.

(6) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.

(7) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?

2011年C篇Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true.

    Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here are some advice for you tobridge the generation gap (代溝).

    Don’t argue (爭辯) with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.

    Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.

    Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect (尊敬) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.

( D  ) 56. According to the passage who have a communication problem?

（細節(jié)題: 考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力。）

             A. parents and other people              B. only school kids and their parents

             C. teachers and their students           D. parents and children of all ages

( C ) 57. How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap?

（主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。）

             A. 5.                            B. 4.                         C. 3.                 D. 2.

( B  ) 58. The underlined word “bridge” in the passage means “______”.

（猜測題: 考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。）

             A. 建立                B. 消除               C. 通過               D. 到達

( D  ) 59. If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you’d better ______.

             A. argue with them                             B. keep away from them

C. agree with them all the time            D. tell your parents what you care about

( B  ) 60. The best title for the passage is______.

（主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。）

A. How to bridge the generation gap   B. How to deal with family problems

             C. How to be good parents                  D. How to be a good child

2010年D篇Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success don’t bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness.

Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which can’t be bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value(重視) their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy.

Here are a few ways to help you be happier.

Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor, or simply help around the house.

Now maybe you know how to find happiness!

( D )61. The underlined word “wealthy” means “__________” in the article.

    （猜測題: 考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。）

A. pleased      B. healthy        C. excited        D. rich

( A )62. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can _________.

   （細節(jié)題: 考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力。）

A. get money and something they can’t buy with money

     B. do what they want to do at any time

     C. enjoy health which makes them work hard

     D. take an active part in all kinds of activities every day

( C )63. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people ___________.

（推理題: 事實推斷，這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。）

A. think about getting a good job         B. think of presents they don’t like

     C. often spend time with close friends     D. often spend time on entering the college

( B )64. Many people find it happy to ___________.

     A. remember the old days and troubles        B. do some meaningful things for others

     C. go shopping to buy some food            D. make much money and little success

( A )65. The passage mainly tells us __________.

   （主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。）

A. how to find happiness                   B. how to save happiness

C. to do something good for others           D. to value our beliefs or health