高三英語第三輪復(fù)習(xí):情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣小結(jié)
考點(diǎn)一must,may/might,can/could,should 1.“must+動詞原形”用于肯定句中,表示肯定推測或判斷,有“一定”之意。 —It's the office!So you must know eating is not allowed here.(2009年高考湖南卷) ——這是辦公室!所以你一定知道這里不許吃東西。 —Oh,sorry. ——噢,對不起。 2.can用于肯定句中有時可以用來表示推測,意為“有時會”;用于疑問句中可以表示推測,意為“可能”,有時表示一種驚訝的語氣;用于否定句中也可以表示推測,can't意為“不可能”,語氣很強(qiáng)烈。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家鄉(xiāng)在三月份通常很暖和,但有時候也會相當(dāng)冷。 Don't play with the dog,Jack,for it can be dangerous at times. 杰克,不要逗狗玩,因?yàn)楣酚袝r是危險的。 There is no light in the room.She can't be at home now. 房間里沒有燈光。她現(xiàn)在不可能在家里。 3.may,might用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測,意為“可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推測,may not意為“可能不”,表示一種不太確定的語氣。 —Is there an express to Beijing tonight? ——今晚有去北京的快車嗎? —There might be,but you'd better call the booking office to make sure. ——可能有,不過你最好給訂票處打電話確認(rèn)一下。 4.should用來表示推測時意為“應(yīng)該”,即含有“按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此”的意思。 The public transport in Beijing is very convenient,so there shouldn't be any difficulty in traveling around the city. 現(xiàn)在北京的公共交通非常便利,所以在市區(qū)觀光不應(yīng)該有什么困難。
考點(diǎn)二12個情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法 1.must表示“偏執(zhí),固執(zhí)” If you must smoke,please go outside. 如果你非要抽煙,請到外面去。(2011年高考大綱全國卷) 2.“may as well+動詞原形”意為“最好,滿可以,倒不如” —If you think the price of the coat is too high,you may as well buy a cheaper one. ——如果你認(rèn)為這件外衣價格太高,你不妨買一件便宜的外衣。 —It depends on you. ——你自己決定。 3.shall (1)表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等,一般用于第二、三人稱中,并用于陳述句。 According to the school rules,no student shall go out of the school after eleven o'clock at night without the teacher's permission. 根據(jù)學(xué)校規(guī)定,未經(jīng)老師許可任何學(xué)生夜間11點(diǎn)后不允許外出。 —I haven't got the reference book yet,but I'll have a test on the subject next month. ——我至今還沒有拿到參考書,但是下個月這個學(xué)科就要測試了。 —Don't worry.You shall have it by Friday. ——別擔(dān)心,周五之前你一定會有的。 (2)用于征求對方的意見或指示,用在第一、三人稱的疑問句中。 —Has Mr.Wang arrived? ——王先生到了嗎? —Yes,already.Shall he wait outside or just come in? —是的,已經(jīng)到了。他是進(jìn)來,還是在外面等 4.will與would表示自愿做或主動提出做什么,如意志、愿望或決心等。 (1)would用于過去的情況。 After hours of repair,the driver tried to start the machine,but it wouldn't work. 經(jīng)過幾個小時的修理,司機(jī)試著發(fā)動汽車,但是它仍無法啟動。 John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he has never smoked ever since. 約翰答應(yīng)醫(yī)生不再吸煙了,并且從那時起他再也不吸煙了。 (2)would表示過去常常 When we worked in the same firm several years ago,we would often go to the cinema together. 當(dāng)幾年前我們在同一家公司工作時,我們常常一起去電影院
考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動詞+have done結(jié)構(gòu) 1.can/could have done表示“本來可以做,而實(shí)際上未做”或者“過去可能”,疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定,其中can't have done多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定,意為“不可能做過”。 She can't have left school,for her bike is still here. 她的自行車仍然在這兒,她不可能離開學(xué)校了。 2.needn't have done表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。 I actually needn't have bought so much wine—only three people came. 其實(shí)我本沒必要買這么多酒,只來了三個人。 3.must have done表示對過去行為的推測,意為“一定,想必”,語氣十分肯定。 It must have been Tom that parked the car here,as he is the only one with a car. 一定是湯姆把車停在這里的,因?yàn)橹挥兴熊嚒?/font> 4.should/ought to have done用于肯定句時,表示本該做某事,而實(shí)際上未做;用于否定句時,則表示不該做的事反而做了。 I'm not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn't have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 我現(xiàn)在覺得肚子疼,我剛才不應(yīng)該吃那么多的炸雞。 5.may/might have done表示對過去行為的推測,意為“可能做過”。 might所表示的可能性比較弱,語氣較委婉。此處might have done可表示“本可能做而實(shí)際上未做”。 —Why didn't Alex attend the party yesterday evening? ——為什么Alex昨晚沒參加晚會? —He might not have wanted to see me. ——他有可能不想見到我。 考點(diǎn)四 從句中的虛擬語氣 ![]()
1.混合虛擬語氣 有時主句和虛擬條件從句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致,此時,主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式。 If he hadn't hurt his legs in the last training,he would join in the coming World Cup,which he has been longing to compete in. 要是在上次訓(xùn)練中他的腿沒受傷的話,他會參加他渴望已久的世界杯。 2.含蓄虛擬語氣 有時為了表達(dá)的需要,假設(shè)的情況并不以If條件句表示出來,而是通過but for,without,otherwise,or等介詞、副詞暗含在上下文中。 I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour,otherwise I would not have kept you waiting for such a long time. 交通堵塞了一個多小時,否則我不會讓你等這么長時間。 But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的幫助,那將會導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。 3.若條件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略,而把were,had,should放在主語前,形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。 Had you taken my advice,you wouldn't have failed in the examination. 如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會考試不及格了。 4.if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,要求用虛擬語氣,表示愿望。 Look at the trouble we're in .If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我們現(xiàn)在所處的困境,要是我們接受老師的建議就好了。 5.It is( high/about)time(that)...句型中的虛擬語氣。 —Tom,it's high time you took the medicine. —Thank you for reminding me,I almost forgot it. ——Tom,該是你服藥的時間了。 ——感謝你提醒我,我?guī)缀醵纪恕?/font> 6.would rather句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。 —Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning? —Well,I'd rather you didn't. ——我們明天早晨早出發(fā)你介意嗎? ——我寧愿你不早出發(fā)。 7. wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。 表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:wish+主語+動詞過去式或were 表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish+主語+had+過去分詞 表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would+動詞原形 —Do you know his address? —No,I also wish I knew where he lives. ——你知道他的地址嗎? ——不,要是我知道他住在什么地方就好了。 8.在名詞性從句中,常用來表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣,形式為:(should)+動詞原形。 常這樣用的動詞有:advise勸告,demand要求,desire渴望,command命令,insist堅(jiān)持,prefer寧愿,urge主張,order命令,recommend推薦,request要求,require要求,suggest建議,以及這些詞的名詞形式。 The doctor recommended that he(should)give up smoking for the benefit of his health. 為了身體健康醫(yī)生建議他戒煙。
語法訓(xùn)練 1.(2011年高考江西卷)It________be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock. A.mustn't B.can't C.won't D.needn't 解析:句意:門外不可能是郵遞員,現(xiàn)在才六點(diǎn)。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。A表示不可以,禁止;B表示不可能;C表示不愿意;D表示不必。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng) 答案:B 2.(2011年高考北京卷)—I don't really like James.Why did you invite him? —Don't worry.He________come.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. A.must not B.need not C.would not D.might not 解析:句意:——我真的不喜歡James。為什么你邀請他?——別擔(dān)心。他可能來不了。他說他還不能確定他的計劃是什么。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。must not表示禁止;need not表示不必;would not表示不會;might not 表示可能不。根據(jù)題意答案為D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 3.(2011年高考江蘇卷)—I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. —How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone________it. A.will have stolen B.might have stolen C.should have stolen D.must have stolen 解析:句意:——我把手提包落在火車上了,不過,幸運(yùn)的是,有人把它交給了乘警。——把包拿回來是多么不可思議啊!我的意思是,有人可能偷了你的包。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。will have stolen為將來完成時,而此事已經(jīng)過去,故答案為B項(xiàng)。should have stolen 表示本應(yīng)該偷了,均不符合題意。 答案:B 4.(2011年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)They________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should 解析:句意:他們本應(yīng)該午餐時間到達(dá),可是他們的飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)了。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。can用在疑問句和否定句中,意為:可能;must have done表示推測,意為:一定做過;should have done表示(過去)本應(yīng)該做而沒做。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 5.(2011年高考北京卷)Maybe if I ________science, and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help. A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying 解析:句意:也許如果當(dāng)時我學(xué)習(xí)的是理科而不是文科的話,那么我(現(xiàn)在)就可以給你更多的幫助了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反,故if引導(dǎo)的從句部分用had done,故選C。 答案:C 6.(2012年臨沂期中測試)-I_________thank you enough for what you have done for me. -You're welcome. A.may not B.will not C.must not D.cannot 解析: 句意:——你為我所做的一切我感激不盡。——別客氣。cannot...enough/cannot...too...“再……也不為過”,固定搭配。 答案:D 7.(2012年太原模擬 )To be honest,if it were not for the fact that you________my close friend, I would not take such pains to serve you. A.were B.are C.had been D.have been 解析:考查時態(tài)。從the fact可知,“你是我的好朋友”是一個事實(shí),所以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般性狀況或事實(shí)。 答案:B 8.________it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the football match. A.Were B.Would C.Will D.Should 解析:考查虛擬語氣和倒裝語序。句意:如果明天下雨,我們將不得不取消足球比賽。前半句是對將來情況的虛擬,正常語序是“If it should rain tomorrow”。省略if后,要將should提到主語之前,引起倒裝。 答案:D 9. If Rose________her diamond in a safer place,it________________stolen. A.had put;might not have been B.had put;could be C.had put;might be D.had not put;could not have been 解析:考查虛擬語氣。句意:假如Rose把鉆石放在一個更安全的地方,它可能就不會被盜了。根據(jù)語意可以推出這是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣形式,此時主句可用might have done形式,從句用過去完成時。B和C是混合虛擬語氣形式,主句是與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾吹男问?,但?shí)際上鉆石是在過去被盜的。 答案:A 10.(2011年高考陜西卷)I________through that bitter period without your generous help. A.couldn't have gone B.didn't go C.wouldn't go D.hadn't gone 解析: 句意:如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話,我不可能熬過那段艱苦的日子。本題考查虛擬語氣。without your generous help相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句If it hadn't been your generous help,此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反,所以主句部分采用couldn't have done結(jié)構(gòu),表示“本不可能”。故選擇 A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 11.(2012年洛陽檢測)We________have hurried all the way to the airport-the flight was called off because of the foggy weather. A.mustn't B.couldn't C.needn't D.wouldn't 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞。needn't have done表示“過去本不必做,但實(shí)際上卻做了”。句意:我們原本沒必要匆忙趕到機(jī)場——航班因?yàn)榇箪F天氣取消了。 答案:C 12.(2012年濟(jì)南模擬)Sandy looks very happy.She________have got the wellpaid job. A.should B.could C.must D.might 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:Sandy看上去很高興,她一定得到了那份待遇優(yōu)厚的工作。must have done是對過去情況的肯定推測。 答案:C 13.-Mum,would you please buy me an MP5 player? -If you can help do some housework the whole vacation, you________have one as a reward. A.must B.need C.would D.shall 解析:句意:——媽媽,你能給我買一個MP5嗎?——如果整個假期你能幫著做家務(wù)的話,你可以得到一個(MP5)作為獎勵。shall此處表允諾。must必須,need需要,would“愿意”,均不符合語境。 答案:D 14.-Do you know where David is? He is not in the office. -Well,he________have gone far—his coat's still here. A.shouldn't B.mustn' t C.can't D.wouldn't 解析:句意:——你知道David在哪嗎?他不在辦公室。——噢,他不可能走遠(yuǎn)——他的大衣還在這里呢。can't have done“不可能”,表示對過去情況的推測;shouldn't have done過去本不該做卻做了;mustn't不能與have done搭配:wouldn't have done用于與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的主句中。 答案:C 15.(2012年太原模擬)The weather turned out to be fine. I________the trouble to carry the umbrella with me. A.should have taken B.needn't have taken C.mustn't have taken D.could have taken 解析: 句意:結(jié)果天氣不錯,我本不必費(fèi)那么大勁帶著雨傘的。根據(jù)turned可知是敘述過去的情況,根據(jù)語境可知用needn't have done本不必做卻做了;A表示本該做卻沒做;D表示本來能夠……;C項(xiàng)形式不正確。 答案:B |
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