Oracle GoldenGate軟件基于數(shù)據(jù)庫日志結(jié)構(gòu)變化，通過解析源端在線日志或歸檔日志獲得數(shù)據(jù)增量，再將這些變化應(yīng)用到目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)源庫和目標(biāo)庫的數(shù)據(jù)同步。下面通過一個簡單的示例，詳細(xì)介紹利用GoldenGate實(shí)現(xiàn)Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的同步。
1. 安裝
1.1 下載介質(zhì)
GoldenGate的安裝介質(zhì)可以從Oracle的官網(wǎng)上下載。
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html
1.2 配置GoldenGate用戶
下載完成后將其拷貝到源和目標(biāo)的相應(yīng)位置解壓完成后，即可以開始進(jìn)行配置。
# su – oracle
$ mkdir /u01/ggate
$ cd /u01/ggate
$ tar xvf …….tar
注意，如果使用Oracle 11g的數(shù)據(jù)庫，需要創(chuàng)建一個link文件。
$ ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so -
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
添加如下的內(nèi)容：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/ggate
export GGATE=/u01/app/oracle/ggate
1.3 創(chuàng)建目錄
使用ggsci工具，創(chuàng)建必要的目錄。
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18
Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs
至此，GoldenGate基本的安裝完成。
Note. 此部分需要在源端和目標(biāo)端完成。
2. 源數(shù)據(jù)庫配置
GoldenGate主要通過抓取源端數(shù)據(jù)庫重做日志進(jìn)行分析，將獲取的數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用到目標(biāo)端，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)同步。因此，為了讓GoldenGate能夠正常工作，源數(shù)據(jù)庫需要進(jìn)行一定配置。
2.1 歸檔模式、附加日志、強(qiáng)制日志
select db.LOG_MODE, db.SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN, db.FORCE_LOGGING
from v$database db
shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
alter database force logging;
alter database add supplemental log data;
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2.2 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫的recyblebin
alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;
如果數(shù)據(jù)庫是10g，需要關(guān)閉recyclebin并重啟；或者手工purge recyclebin。
2.3 配置復(fù)制的DDL支持
create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
grant execute on utl_file to ggate;
@$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;
@$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;
@$GGATE/role_setup.sql;
grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
@$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;
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2.4 創(chuàng)建源端和目標(biāo)端的測試用戶
create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender;
create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;
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3. 配置manager
在源端和目標(biāo)端分別執(zhí)行下面的步驟。
3.1 創(chuàng)建manager
[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr
PORT 7809
ggate (gridcontrol) 3> start manager
Manager started.
4. 配置源端復(fù)制隊(duì)列
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1
extract ext1
userid ggate@source, password oracle
rmthost centos4, mgrport 7809
rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt
ddl include mapped objname sender.*;
table sender.*;
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED
EXTRACT STOPPED EXT1 00:00:00 00:10:55
5. 配置目標(biāo)端同步隊(duì)列
5.1 在目標(biāo)端添加checkpoint表
[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL –添加下列內(nèi)容
GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint
GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate password ggate
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.
5.2 創(chuàng)建同步隊(duì)列
GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1
replicat rep1
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
userid ggate,password ggate
discardfile /u01/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
DDL
map sender.*, target receiver.*;
6. 開啟同步
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT RUNNING EXT1 00:00:00 00:00:05
GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1
GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT RUNNING REP1 00:00:00 00:00:00
