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如何寫英語(yǔ)日記

 小林個(gè)人圖書館 2013-04-11

要學(xué)好寫英語(yǔ)短文,就必須經(jīng)常練習(xí)寫作。記日記是提高書面表達(dá)能力的有效方法之一。

 

日記分為記事型、議論型、描寫型和抒情型。建議大家在學(xué)習(xí)寫日記的過程中,可按以下步驟練習(xí):

①仔細(xì)觀察周圍的人或事物,注意其特點(diǎn),將觀察到的令人感興趣的事物或事件記錄下來。

②閱讀別人的日記,并利用所學(xué)過的句型來表達(dá)個(gè)人在一天中觀察到的或感受到的事情。 

 

日記的內(nèi)容:

1 )一事一記:要選擇當(dāng)天感受最深刻、最有意義的事件來描述,不要寫成流水帳;

2 )人稱:日記的內(nèi)容多是親身經(jīng)歷和耳聞目睹的事情,所以要用第一人稱來寫;

3 )時(shí)態(tài):日記多是記述當(dāng)天發(fā)生過的事情,因此動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常使用過去時(shí),但使用時(shí)必須靈活掌握。

    ①描寫景物,名言諺語(yǔ)等,要使用(一般)現(xiàn)在時(shí);②而進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)則可用于描寫當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,馬上要發(fā)生的事件,以及在某事、某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中,又發(fā)生了另外一個(gè)事件或動(dòng)作;③此外,描寫天氣、景色等,為了描寫生動(dòng),也可以使用現(xiàn)在時(shí),以表現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)的情景;④文末,發(fā)表感想或評(píng)論可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)。

4 )日記應(yīng)條理清楚,寫出真實(shí)感。

5 )注意格式,包括日期、星期和天氣的書寫位置。

6 )關(guān)于標(biāo)題:在日期和天氣的下一行中間可以寫上日記小標(biāo)題,也可以不寫標(biāo)題。

7 在句式上盡量使用簡(jiǎn)單句,以防繁雜,造成語(yǔ)法、句型錯(cuò)誤。 

 

日記的格式

英文日記通常由書端和正文兩個(gè)部分組成。 

英語(yǔ)日記的書端:即日記的第一行。要寫明年、月、日與星期,然后要寫明當(dāng)天的氣候狀況,如果是游記,還要寫明地點(diǎn)。 

左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角寫上當(dāng)天的天氣情況,如:Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Windy, Snowy, Cloudy等。

 

1.日期表達(dá)有多種形式。

A) 年、月、日都寫時(shí),通常以月、日、年為順序,月份可以縮寫,日和年用逗號(hào)隔開。例如: December 18, 2003 或者 Dec. 18, 2003September 1, 2004September 1st, 2004也可省略寫成Sept. 1, 2004Sept. 1st, 2004;the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以縮寫)

B) 只有月、日

September 1September 1st(月份可以縮寫)

C) 只有年、月

September 2004the September of 2004(月份不可以縮寫)

以上的11st都應(yīng)讀作the first

 

日記的正文常以第一人稱記下當(dāng)天生活中的所見、所聞、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日記三格式大致一樣。

 

2.星期也可以省略不寫,可將其放在日期前或后,星期和日期之間不用標(biāo)點(diǎn),但要空一格,星期也可縮寫。如:

Saturday, October 22nd, 2004;October 22nd, 2004 Saturday

 

3.天氣情況必不可少。天氣一般用一個(gè)形容詞如 :Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Snowy 等表示。寫在日期之后,用逗號(hào)隔開,位于日記的右上角。如:

Saturday, March 4, 2004, Windy;1st January, 2004, Fine

 

下面是一些常用的描寫天氣的英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ):

clear overcast 多云 cloudy 小雨 light rain

大雨 heavy rain 毛毛雨 drizzle 陣雨 shower

東風(fēng) east wind 南風(fēng) south wind 西風(fēng) west wind

北風(fēng) north wind 西南風(fēng) southwester 東南風(fēng) southeaster

東北風(fēng) northeaster 西北風(fēng) northwester

氣溫 temperature

炎熱 scorching heat 寒冷 icy cold 下雪 snow 

 

下面列出了一篇日記的開頭,有興趣的同學(xué)可以回憶一下,再接著往下寫。

Mon. Sept. 1, 2003 Sunny

Today is the first day of my senior high school life ...

 

 

【范文與點(diǎn)評(píng)】

March 12th, 2003, Tuesday Sunny (Fine)

Today is Tree Planting Day. At 7:30 in the morning, all the students in our class met at the school gate. We walked to the park. Miss Gao and other teachers went and worked with us. All the students worked very hard, and we planted about 200 trees. Though we were dirty and tired, we still felt very happy.

這是一篇記敘型的日記。結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),中心突出,有選擇地記錄當(dāng)天的見聞(人或事),并加以分析和評(píng)論。

 

【范例】

I was very sleepy in the morning, so i didn't go running as usual. I had something for breakfast. My new day has begun. The results would come out today. My classmates all felt very nervous, so did I. Then one of my classmates called me, and invited me to play basketball in the afternoon. I like play basketball, though I'm really poor at play it.

我早上非常困,所以我沒有像平常一樣去跑步。我吃了早飯。我的新的一天已經(jīng)開始。結(jié)果將在今天被公布。我的同學(xué)們都感到很緊張,我也是。后來我的一位同學(xué)打電話給我,并邀我在下午打籃球。我喜歡打籃球,雖然我的水平不怎么樣。

 

I and my parent visited redstart farm last Saturday, there’re environment is so good. We’re scavenge the horse. The horse was leaded into the stable and each was put in a stall. Cows and sheep depends forage to feed. This so lifelikeness, we’re got a lot of enjoyment from my job. In the end, owner preparative feasted on me.

我和我的父母上星期六去參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng),那里的環(huán)境很好。我們清潔了心愛的馬。馬被牽入馬棚,而且每匹馬都被放在各自的欄內(nèi)。牛和羊依靠喂給它們的飼料,這是多么的生動(dòng)啊。我們從我的工作里得到了很多樂趣。最后,農(nóng)場(chǎng)主宴請(qǐng)了我。

 

Though my daily life is extremely monotonous, I try hard to adapt myself to it. Why? Because I intend to be a good student. I wish to render service to my country.

I get up at six o’clock every day. After I wash my face and brush my teeth, I begin to review my lessons. I go to school at seven o’clock.

After school is over, I return home. We usually have supper at seven o’clock. Then I begin to do my homework. I want to finish it before I go to bed.

雖然我的日常生活十分單調(diào),但我卻竭力去適應(yīng)它。為什么?因?yàn)槲掖蛩阕鲆粋€(gè)好學(xué)生。我希望能為國(guó)家服務(wù)。

我每天六點(diǎn)起床。在洗臉、刷牙之后,我開始復(fù)習(xí)功課。我7點(diǎn)去學(xué)校。

放學(xué)后,我回家了。我們通常七點(diǎn)吃晚飯。之后我開始做家庭作業(yè)。因?yàn)槲掖蛩闼X之前完成它。

 

It was the first day of our winter holiday. All of us were very happy. Why? Because we have one months to do things we love to do. We are free. Although we have some homework, we can finish them in several days. And the rest time we can make good use of. My god! We have been very tired after hard studying. In winter holidays, I want to have full sleep and eat good food in order to replenish myself. Last but not least, I will have a good rest.

這是我們寒假的第一天。我們都很高興。為什么?因?yàn)槲覀冇幸粋€(gè)月的時(shí)間可以做我們喜歡做的事。我們很自由。雖然我們有一些作業(yè),但我們能在幾天之內(nèi)完成。我們能利用好休息的時(shí)間。天啊!我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)之后總是感覺很累。在寒假期間,我想擁有充足的睡眠,享用豐富的食物來補(bǔ)充自己。最后但同樣重要的是,我要好好休息一下。

 

It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It is time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

這是我們寒假的第二天。我感覺很好。我覺得我很自由。我有很多的時(shí)間做我喜歡的事情。我的父母在北京。所以我獨(dú)自生活,但我不覺得寂寞。但我從來沒做一件特別的事。我呆在家里看電視。哦!我寫了一個(gè)英語(yǔ)日常寫作。這是我的家庭作業(yè)。今天,我睡了14個(gè)小時(shí)。我想我很累。到吃晚飯的時(shí)間了。我必須去了!我餓極了。

 

It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother’s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother’s company. I sat in my mother’s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother’s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can’t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time.

這是我們寒假的第三天。今天,我媽媽的公司有不少事情。所以我媽媽告訴我?guī)椭镜慕?jīng)理,我的叔叔。我坐在我媽媽的辦公室,幫她接電話。當(dāng)我空閑的時(shí)候,我寫我的家庭作業(yè)。雖然我也有很多時(shí)間做家庭作業(yè),但我還是寫了。因?yàn)樵谖覌寢尩霓k公室,我無事可做。如果我什么都沒做,我是在浪費(fèi)我的時(shí)間和我的生命。我沒辦法做那么愚蠢的事。我們應(yīng)該充分利用我們的時(shí)間。

 

以上范例引自“原著:A S Hornby(霍恩比).牛津高階英漢雙解詞典:商務(wù)印書館,牛津大學(xué)出版社,20094月”



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